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1.
Yasuhiro Shimizu Kazuhiro Maeda Mika Kato Koichiro Shimomura 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(5):460-465
Gynura bicolor DC., a traditional vegetable in Japan, is cultivated as Kinjisou and Suizenjina in Ishikawa and Kumamoto prefectures, respectively.
The adaxial side of the leaves of G. bicolor grown in a field is green, and the abaxial side is reddish purple. It has been reported that these reddish purple pigments
are anthocyanins. Although we established a culture system of G. bicolor, the leaves of G. bicolor plants grown under our culture conditions showed green color on both sides of all leaves. We investigated the effects of
phytohormones and chemical treatments on anthocyanin accumulation in cultured plants. Although anthocyanin accumulation in
the leaves was slightly stimulated, anthocyanins accumulation in the roots of the cultured plant was induced remarkably by
25–50 μM methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatment. This induction was affected by light irradiation and sucrose concentration in the
culture medium. However, salicylic acid (SA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid did not induce anthocyanin accumulation
in roots. And then, combinations of MJ and SA or MJ and AgNO3 did not stimulate the anthocyanin accumulation in the root as found in the case of treatment by MJ solely. 相似文献
2.
The effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA) on changes of the activities of major antioxidant enzymes, superoxide anion accumulation (O2
−), ascorbate, total glutathione (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and ginsenoside accumulation were investigated in ginseng roots (Panax ginseng L.) in 4 l (working volume) air lift bioreactors. Single treatment of 200 μM MJ and SA to P. ginseng roots enhanced ginsenoside accumulation compared to the control and harvested 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after treatment. MJ and SA treatment induced an oxidative stress in P. ginseng roots, as shown by an increase in lipid peroxidation due to rise in O2
− accumulation. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was inhibited in MJ-treated roots, while the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), SOD, guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were induced in SA-treated roots. A strong decrease in the activity of catalase (CAT) was obtained in both MJ- and SA-treated roots. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione S transferase (GST) were higher in MJ than SA while the contents of reduced ascorbate (ASC), redox state (ASC/(ASC+DHA)) and TG were higher in SA- than MJ-treated roots while oxidized ascorbate (DHA) decreased in both cases. The result of these analyses suggests that roots are better protected against the O2
− stress, thus mitigating MJ and SA stress. The information obtained in this work is useful for efficient large-scale production of ginsenoside by plant-root cultures. 相似文献
3.
The Root cultures of Cayratia trifolia (Vitaceae) a tropical lianas, were maintained in liquid Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 NAA, 0.1 mg l−1 kinetin with 3% sucrose. These root cultures when grown with 6% sucrose accumulated stilbenes (piceid, resveratrol, viniferin,
ampelopsin) in high amounts, which on elicitation by 500 mg l−1 yeast extract, 50 μM salicylic acid (SA), 50 μM methyl jasmonate (MeJa), 500 μM ethrel added at 25th day, increased up to
ninefolds (7.1 mg l−1). Addition of alar or phenylalanine along with the elicitors further enhanced the stilbenes content. In the present study,
stilbenes accumulation up to 12 folds (9.2 mg l−1) was obtained with SA and alar. The SA was the most effective in increasing the stilbenes contents while less than control
values were recorded in the cells treated with MeJa. The roots could be grown up to 2 l flasks. The present work demonstrates
that presence of precursor and sucrose during elicitation at an appropriate time combined with growth retardation significantly
increased the production of stilbenes in C. trifolia cell cultures. 相似文献
4.
Production of the benzophenanthridine alkaloids in Eschscholtzia californica suspension cell cultures was optimized by adding 0.5 mg methyl jasmonate (MJ) and 0.02 mg salicylic acid (SA)/g FCW after
7 days cultivation. Sanguinarine reached 24 mg/g DCW by such treatment; 10 times higher than in control cell cultures. MJ
and SA induced expression of berberine bridge enzyme and 3′-hydroxy-(S)-N-methylcoclaurine-4′-O-methyltransferase, respectively. MJ plus SA induced over-expression of both enzymes. 相似文献
5.
We evaluated the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in salicylic acid (SA)-induced accumulation of ginsenoside in adventitious
roots of Panax ginseng and its mediation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Related effects of SA on components of the antioxidant system were also
sought. Adventitious roots of P. ginseng were grown in suspension culture for 3 weeks in MS medium and treated over 5 days with SA (100 μM) alone, SA in combination
with the NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), or PTIO alone. Nitric oxide, the superoxide
anion (O2·−), H2O2, nitrite, nonprotein thiol, and ascorbate were monitored together with ginsenoside, NADPH oxidase activity, and several antioxidant
enzymes. Salicylic acid did not inhibit root growth but induced accumulation of ginsenoside, lipid peroxidation, and generation
of NO and O2·−. It also enhanced activities of NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, including ascorbate peroxidase.
These effects were suppressed by PTIO. Salicylic acid also decreased glutathione reductase activity. Inclusion of PTIO with
SA decreased the activity of glutathione reductase further. Treatment with SA plus PTIO also decreased nonprotein thiol and
ascorbate contents but caused nitrite to overaccumulate. Salicylic acid applied to adventitious roots in culture induced accumulation
of ginsenoside in an NO-dependent manner that was mediated by the associated increases in O2·−, which gave other antioxidant responses that were dependent on NO. 相似文献
6.
Salicylic acid-induced changes to growth and phenolic metabolism in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Matricaria chamomilla</Emphasis> plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The influence of salicylic acid (SA) doses of 50 and 250 μM, for a period of up to 7 days, on selected physiological aspects
and the phenolic metabolism of Matricaria chamomilla plants was studied. SA exhibited both growth-promoting (50 μM) and growth-inhibiting (250 μM) properties, the latter being
correlated with decrease of chlorophylls, water content and soluble proteins. In terms of phenolic metabolism, it seems that
the higher SA dose has a toxic effect, based on the sharp increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity (24 h after
application), which is followed by an increase in total soluble phenolics, lignin accumulation and the majority of the 11
detected phenolic acids. Guaiacol-peroxidase activity was elevated throughout the experiment in 250 μM SA-treated plants.
In turn, some responses can be explained by mechanisms associated with oxidative stress tolerance; these mitigate acute SA
stress (which is indicated by an increase in malondialdehyde content). However, PAL activity decreased with prolonged exposure
to SA, indicating its inhibition. Accumulation of coumarin-related compounds (umbelliferone and herniarin) was not affected
by SA treatments, while (Z)- and (E)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acids increased in the 250 μM SA-treated rosettes. Free SA content in the rosettes increased
significantly only in the 250 μM SA treatment, with levels tending to decrease towards the end of the experiment and the opposite
trend was observed in the roots. 相似文献
7.
Ana Coste Laurian Vlase Adela Halmagyi Constantin Deliu Gheorghe Coldea 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(2):279-288
We investigated the effects of plant growth regulators [6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kin), 6-γ,γ-dimethylallylaminopurine
(2iP), thidiazuron (TDZ) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)], modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 10 mM NH4
+ and 5 mM NO3
− and supplemented with 2iP, BA, Kin and NAA (MSM medium), and two elicitors [jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA)],
on plant growth and accumulation of hypericins (hypericin and pseudohypericin) and hyperforin in shoot cultures of Hypericum hirsutum and H. maculatum. Our data suggested that culture of shoots on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.4 mg l−1) or Kin (0.4 mg l−1) enhanced production of hypericins in H. maculatum and hyperforin in H. hirsutum. Hypericins and hyperforin concentrations decreased in both species when TDZ (0.4 mg l−1) was added to the MS medium. Also, TDZ induced hyperhydric malformations and necrosis of regenerated shoots. Cultivation
of H. maculatum on MSM medium resulted in approximately twofold increased production of hypericins compared to controls, and the growth of
H. hirsutum shoots on the same medium led to a 6.16-fold increase in hyperforin production. Of the two elicitors, SA was more effective
in stimulating the accumulation of hypericins. At 50 μM, SA enhanced the production of hypericin (7.98-fold) and pseudohypericin
(13.58-fold) in H. hirsutum, and, at 200 μM, enhanced the production of hypericin (2.2-fold) and pseudohypericin (3.94-fold) in H. maculatum. 相似文献
8.
Indole-3-butyric acid at 25 μM with methyl jasmonate (MJ) at 100 μM in Panax ginseng synergistically stimulated both root growth and ginsenoside accumulation compared with 100 μM MJ alone. Productivity of ginsenoside
was 10 mg l−1 d−1 compared to 7.3 mg l−1 d−1 with MJ elicitation alone. 相似文献
9.
Cell cultures of Cayratia trifolia (Vitaceae), a tropical lianas, were maintained in Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing 0.25 mg l−1 NAA, 0.2 mg l−1 kinetin and casein hydrolysate 250 mg l−1. Cell suspension cultures of C. trifolia accumulate stilbenes (piceid, resveratrol, viniferin, ampelopsin), which on elicitation by any of 500 μM salicylic acid,
100 μM methyl jasmonate, 500 μM ethrel and 500 mg l−1 yeast extract, added on the 7th day, were enhanced by 3- to 6-fold (5–11 mg l−1) by the 15th day. 相似文献
10.
We examined ameliorative effects of salicylic acid (SA) on two cadmium (Cd)-stressed legume crops with different Cd tolerances,
viz. Phaseolus aureus (Cd sensitive) and Vicia sativa (Cd tolerant). Cd at 50 μM significantly increased the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2·−) in root apoplasts of P. aureus and V. sativa. When comparing the two species, we determined that Cd-induced production of H2O2 and O2·− was more pronounced in P. aureus root apoplasts than in V. sativa root apoplasts. V. sativa had higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) than P. aureus in root symplasts and apoplasts. Seed-soaking pretreatment with 100 μM SA decreased Cd-induced production of H2O2 and O2·− in apoplasts of both species, and increased activities of symplastic and apoplastic SOD, symplastic APX, and apoplastic CAT
under Cd stress. Hence, SA-induced Cd tolerances in P. aureus and V. sativa are likely associated with increases in symplastic and apoplastic antioxidant enzyme activities. 相似文献
11.
Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MJ) or salicylic acid (SA) when applied alone failed to induce cryptotanshinone (a phytoalexin) formation in Ti-transformed Salvia miltiorrhiza cell suspension cultures. However, when applied in combination with yeast elicitor, SA at 50–500 M enhanced the yeast elicitor-induced cryptotanshinone formation while MJ reduced the yeast elicitor-induced cryptotanshinone formation. Ibuprofen at 100 M did not inhibit the yeast elicitor-induced cryptotanshinone formation. DMSO was superior to ethanol as a solvent for introducing MJ to the cell cultures. 相似文献
12.
Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends, a full length cDNA (CjLTI) was cloned from apical buds of Caragana jubata, a plant species that grows under extreme cold. The cDNA obtained was 573 bp long consisting of an open reading frame of
351 bp encoding 116 amino acids. Homology analysis did not exhibit significant similarity with any sequence at NCBI database,
therefore it was deduced as a novel gene. Secondary structure analysis suggested that the deduced CjLTI contained 25.86% α-helices,
4.31% β-turns, 6.90% extended strands, and 62.93% random coils. The hydropathy profile suggested CjLTI to be a hydrophobic
protein having characteristic features of signal peptides at N-terminus. The gene exhibited down-regulation at 5 min of exposure
to low temperature (LT, 4 ± 3°C) followed by a strong up-regulation after 15 min and onwards. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) lead to
up-regulation of CjLTI starting at 5 min onwards. The gene exhibited up- and down-regulation of expression pattern in response to abscisic acid
(ABA) and salicylic acid (SA). Mild drought stress slightly up-regulated gene expression and at severe drought (up to 115%
reduction in leaf water potential) slight down-regulation of gene expression was observed. These results suggested CjLTI to be a LT responsive gene wherein MJ, ABA and SA pathways might be involved in regulating the gene expression. 相似文献
13.
Cheryl R. Frankfater Michael K. Dowd Barbara A. Triplett 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,98(3):341-349
The effect of two chemical elicitors, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate, on the production of gossypol, 6-methoxygossypol,
and 6,6′-dimethoxygossypol in Gossypium barbadense hairy roots was examined. Methyl jasmonate, but not salicylic acid, was found to increase the production of gossypol and
its methylated forms, but with a concomitant reduction in culture growth. The optimal methyl jasmonate dose was between 100
and 300 μM for hairy roots harvested 7 days after elicitation. After 20 d of induction with 100 μM methyl jasmonate, an eightfold
increase in the level of gossypol was observed in elicited cultures compared with control cultures, double the highest gossypol
levels previously reported for any cotton tissue. A two to threefold increase in the level of 6-methoxygossypol and a slight
increase in the levels of 6,6′-dimethoxygossypol were also observed. Although methyl jasmonate stimulated the production of
both optical forms of gossypol, the distribution of the enantiomers was different between elicited and control cultures. 相似文献
14.
Yumei Jiang Nan Xia Xiaodan Li Wenbiao Shen Lijian Liang Chunyan Wang Ren Wang Feng Peng Bing Xia 《Molecular biology reports》2011,38(3):1935-1940
15.
Jaya Arora Shaily Goyal Kishan Gopal Ramawat 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(5):430-436
This report demonstrates the elicitation effect on growth and stilbene accumulation in cell cultures of Cayratia trifolia (Vitaceae) by an extract of the angiosperm parasite Cuscuta reflexa and salicylic acid in combination with sucrose feeding. Cell cultures of C. trifolia, a tropical liana, were maintained in liquid Murashige and Skoog's basal medium containing 0.25 mg l−1 naphthalene acetic acid, 0.2 mg l−1 kinetin with 3% sucrose and 250 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate. The cells treated with Cuscuta elicitor showed increased polyphenol oxidase activity with increasing concentration of the elicitor, while total phenol content
remained almost unchanged. Enhanced yield of stilbenes (∼8-fold) was recorded in the cells treated with 200 mg l−1
Cuscuta elicitor for 7 d. Optimum accumulation of stilbenes with a non-significant decrease in cell growth as compared with control
was recorded with the addition of 3% sucrose on the seventh day of cell culture. Addition of 3% sucrose with salicylic acid
at 500 μM and Cuscuta extract at 200 mg l−1 on the seventh day enhanced total stilbene yield up to 50.1 mg l−1, which was ∼14-fold higher than in control cultures. Piceid content increased ∼200-fold in such cultures. 相似文献
16.
Savita Gangwar Vijay Pratap Singh Prabhat Kumar Srivastava Jagat Narayan Maurya 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(4):1385-1397
Effects of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA; 10 and 100 μM) application on growth, protein and nitrogen contents, ammonium (NH4
+) content, enzymes of nitrogen assimilation and antioxidant system in pea seedlings were investigated under chromium (VI)
phytotoxicity (Cr VI; 50, 100 and 250 μM). Exposure of pea seedlings to Cr and 100 μM GA resulted in decreased seed germination,
fresh and dry weight and length of root and shoot, and protein and nitrogen contents compared to control. Compared to control,
Cr and 100 μM GA led to the significant alteration in nitrogen assimilation in pea. These treatments decreased root and shoot
nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamine 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) activities (except
50 μM Cr alone for GOGAT) while glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity and NH4
+ content increased. Compared to control, the root and shoot activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase
(APX) increased (except APX activity at 250 μM Cr + 100 μM GA) while catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate
reductase (DHAR) activities were decreased (except GR at 100 μM GA alone) following exposure of Cr and 100 μM GA. Total ascorbate
and total glutathione in root and shoot decreased by the treatments of Cr and 100 μM GA while their levels were increased
by the application of 10 μM GA compared to Cr treatments alone. It has been reported that application of 10 μM GA together
with Cr alleviated inhibited levels of growth, nitrogen assimilation and antioxidant system compared to Cr treatments alone.
This study showed that application of 10 μM GA counteracts some of the adverse effects of Cr phytotoxicity with the increased
levels of antioxidants and sustained activities of enzymes of nitrogen assimilation; however, 100 μM GA showed apparently
reverse effect under Cr phytotoxicity. 相似文献
17.
Shabina Syeed Naser A. Anjum Rahat Nazar Noushina Iqbal Asim Masood Nafees A. Khan 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(3):877-886
Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivars Alankar (salt-tolerant) and PBM16 (salt-sensitive) plants were grown with 50 mM NaCl and were sprayed with
0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM salicylic acid (SA) to study the physiological processes determining salt tolerance and to observe the
influence of SA application on the alleviation of NaCl-induced adverse effects. The content of leaf Na+, Cl−, H2O2, TBARS, and electrolyte leakage and the activity of SOD were higher in PBM16 than Alankar. In contrast, nutrients content,
activity of APX and GR, glutathione content, photosynthetic and growth characteristics were higher in Alankar. Treatment of
50 mM NaCl resulted in increase of Na+ and Cl−, oxidative stress, activity of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content, while nutrients content, photosynthetic, and
growth characteristics decreased in both the cultivars. Application of 0.5 mM SA alleviated the negative effects of 50 mM
NaCl maximally, but 1.0 mM SA proved inhibitory. The effect of SA was more conspicuous in Alankar than PBM16. It is concluded
that the higher tolerance of Alankar was due to its lower leaf Na+ and Cl− content, higher nutrients content, and efficient antioxidant metabolism. The application of 0.5 mM SA substantially alleviated
salt-induced adverse effects in Alankar. 相似文献
18.
19.
Pardeep Kumar Bhardwaj Paramvir Singh Ahuja Sanjay Kumar 《Molecular biology reports》2010,37(2):1003-1010
Caragana [Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir] is a temperate plant that thrives well under extremes of cold in high altitude of Himalaya and hence the plant
is expected to be a source of genes that might play an important role in tolerance to low temperature (LT). In order to identify
LT inducible gene(s), differential display of mRNA (DD) was performed using the apical buds growing under snow as well as
growing in the near vicinity without snow, and a LT inducible QM gene (CjQM) homologue was identified. Realizing the importance of QM gene (which encodes human Wilms’ tumor suppressor QM protein) in aggregation of 40 and 60S ribosomal subunit and that not
much has been reported on this gene in plant systems in relation to its relationship with LT, full length cDNA of CjQM was cloned through rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The gene (977 bp), encoded by small gene family, had an open reading
frame of 651 bp and was found to be intronless. The gene exhibited up-regulation within 20 min of exposure to LT and abscisic
acid (ABA), but no significant change in gene expression was observed in response to drought stress (DS), salicylic acid (SA)
and methyl jasmonate (MJ) application. Up-regulation of CjQM was obtained in the tissues growing in situ under snow. Non-responsiveness of CjQM towards DS, SA and MJ, but up-regulation in response to LT and ABA suggested a specific regulation of the gene in Caragana
under varied cues. 相似文献
20.
Thermotolerance and related antioxidant enzyme activities induced by both heat acclimation and exogenous salicylic acid (SA)
application were studied in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Jingxiu). Heat acclimation and exogenous SA application induced comparable changes in thermotolerance, ascorbic acid
(AsA), glutathione (GSH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations, and in activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase
(GR), ascorbic peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) in grape leaves. Within 1 h at 38 °C, free SA concentration in leaves rose
from 3.1 μg g−1 FW to 19.1 μg g−1 FW, then sharply declined. SA application and heat acclimation induced thermotolerance were related to changes of antioxidant
enzyme activities and antioxidant concentration, indicating a role for endogenous SA in heat acclimation in grape leaves. 相似文献