八肽胆囊收缩素对家兔内毒素休克时肺动脉张力的影响

为探讨八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)缓解内毒素休克(ES)时肺动脉血压(PAP)增高的机制,观察了CCK-8对脂多糖(LPS)引起家兔ES时PAP变化以及离体肺动脉环(PARs)张力改变的影响。实验用新西兰大耳白雄性家兔40只,分为颈静脉注入LPS(8mg／kg i．v.)复制的家兔ES模型、LPS注入前15min给CCK-8(15μg/kg,i.v.)、LPS注入前15min给CCK受体拮抗剂丙谷胺(Pro 1mg／kg,i.v.)、单独注入CCK-8(15μg/kg,i.v.)和注射生理盐水(对照)共5组。用生理记录仪监测平均动脉压(MAP)和PAP的变化;5h后制备PARs,应用血管张力测定技术,检测各组PARs张力。结果为：(1)ES时MAP降低、PAP升高,CCK-8可完全翻转ES时PAP的增高,而Pro加剧ES时PAP的增高;(2)LPS组的PARs对苯肾上腺素(PE)的收缩反应增强,对ACh内皮依赖性舒张反应降低,而CCK-8可逆转LP5的上述作用。上述结果提示CCK—8可缓解ES时的PAP升高,这可能与其调节肺动脉张力改变有关。     

八肽胆囊收缩素抗内毒素休克的实验研究

本实验观察了八肽胆囊收缩素对大鼠注入内毒素后血压,血液有形成分和脏器病理形态的影响,以及对醋酸铅致敏大鼠注入内毒素后２４ｈ死亡率的影响。     

海马胆囊收缩素对大鼠癫痫发作的影响及其机制

目的和方法：采用原位杂交技术,观察遗传性听源性癫痫易感大鼠海马内ＣＣＫｍＲＮＡ表达的改变及少我注射ＣＣＫ３及其受体阻断剂对大鼠癫痫发作的影响。结果：（１）癫痫发作大鼠海马内ＣＣＫｍＲＮＡ表达明显增强（Ｐ〈０．０５－０．０１）,但癫痫反复发作的大嫌海马内ＣＣＫｍＲＮＡ表达的较癫痫发作一次大鼠明显减少（Ｐ〈０．０５）,海马ＣＡ主射Ｌ３６５后,ＣＣＫ８压抑癫痫发作的作用消失（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：ＣＣＫ     

八肽胆囊收缩素对大鼠心功能的影响及受体机制

为探讨八肽胆囊收缩素 (CCK 8)对麻醉大鼠心功能的影响及受体机制 ,实验监测了左心室收缩压(LVP)、左心室收缩与舒张期内压变化的最大速率 (±LVdp/dtmax)、心率 (HR)和平均动脉压 (MAP)。结果如下 :小剂量CCK 8(0 4 μg/kg)可引起心动过速 ,MAP、LVP和±LVdp/dtmax轻度上升 ;中剂量CCK 8(4 μg/kg)和大剂量CCK 8(4 0 μg/kg)可引起心动过缓 ,MAP、LVP和±LVdp/dtmax显著增加 ;应用CCK 受体 (CCK R)拮抗剂丙谷胺 (1 0mg/kg)抑制以上变化 ;由逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)检测到心肌组织有CCK A受体 (CCK AR)和CCK B受体 (CCK BR)mRNA表达。以上结果提示 :CCK 8可激活心肌组织的CCK R ,引起剂量依赖性的心功能增加和心率改变。     

八肽胆囊收缩素对吗啡成瘾大鼠中枢痛觉的调制

目的:观察八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)对正常及吗啡成瘾大鼠尾核中痛兴奋神经元(PEN)电活动的影响,从而进一步探讨中枢CCK-8和尾核在吗啡成瘾大鼠痛觉调制中的作用.方法:70只Wistar大鼠随机分为2组:正常对照组35只(又分为生理盐水组巧只和CCK-8组20只)及吗啡成瘾组35只、(又分为生理盐水组15只和CCK-8组20只).大鼠背部皮下注射递增剂量吗啡,依次为5、10、20、40、50、60mg/kg,3次/d(8:00,12:00,16:00),连续给药6d,建立吗啡成瘾大鼠的模型.正常对照组大鼠背部皮下注射生理盐水,时间、剂量均与吗啡成瘾组相同.第7天8:00观察大鼠的自然戒断症状30min后开始实验.实验以电脉冲刺激大鼠的坐骨神经作为伤害性痛刺激,用玻璃微电极记录尾核中PEN的放电,观察尾核内注入CCK-8对PEN电活动的影响.结果:实验结果表明:①CCK-8可提高正常大鼠尾核中PEN的兴奋性,即25个PEN平均秒净增值由注射CCK-8前(100%)增加到(224.34±10.81)5,潜伏期缩短到(54.69±5.62)%.②CCK-8使吗啡成瘾大鼠尾核中PEN的兴奋性也增高,22个PEN的平均秒净增值比注药前(100%)提高了(118.93±8.50)%,潜伏期缩短了(33.96±7.23)%.结论:CCK-8可使吗啡成瘾与正常大鼠尾核中PEN对电刺激的兴奋性增强,均呈易化疼痛作用,证明中枢CCK-8系统和尾核在吗啡成瘾过程和疼痛的调节中都起到了一定的作用.     

八肽胆囊收缩素对大鼠大脑皮质细胞钙调素活性的影响

为了探讨胆囊收缩素(CCK)受体在中枢神经系统中的信号传递机制,观察了CCK₈和CCK_A受体拮抗剂L-364,718、CCK_B受体拮抗剂L-365,260对大鼠大脑皮质钙调素（CaM）活性的影响.结果表明：a.CCK₈对CaM活性的影响具有时间依赖性,15 min达到最高点后逐渐下降;b.CCK₈在10^－12～10^－7 mol/L范围内可刺激CaM活性的增加,超过10^－7 mol/L后,逐渐趋于饱和.c.CCK_A受体拮抗剂L-364,718、CCK_B受体拮抗剂L-365,260均可抑制10^－7 mol/L CCK₈引起的CaM活性的增加,但两者IC₅₀相差40倍,L-365,260在较低浓度时即能明显拮抗CCK₈引起的CaM活性变化.研究结果提示CCK₈可能通过CCK_B受体引起CaM活性变化,而CaM可能是CCK_B受体的重要信号传递机制之一.     

八肽胆囊收缩素的结构与活性关系

本文采用液相多肽合成法制备了八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK_8)的六种类似物,并测定了它们诱导离体的豚鼠胆囊收缩的生物学活性。发现CCK_8的N-端乙酰化不改变其生物活性,脱去N-端氨基的CCK_8类似物即Suc-CCK_7与母体CCK_8相比,其活性明显增加。在Boc-CCK_7中,Met被NIe取代活性可完全保留,Gly~(29)被D-Ala取代后仍保留相当的活性,但Gly~(29)被β-Ala取代后则失去胆囊收缩活性;在Met~(28)-Gly~(29)区域引入刚性的r-内酰胺环作为构象限制,也导致活性完全丧失。     

下丘脑八肽胆囊收缩素对大鼠胃窦运动的作用

下丘脑外侧区(LH)和腹内侧区(VMH)微量注射10ng八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)明显抑制清醒大鼠胃窦运动,这一作用可被切断隔下迷走神经所减弱,被阿托品或酚妥拉明静脉灌流所阻断,表明迷走和交感神经都介导CCK-8作用。同时,在LH注射CCK-8后,迷走背核神经元自发放电活动明显减弱。LH微量注射抗CCK-8血清则明显刺激大鼠胃运动,表明在基础状态下,内源性CCK-8对胃窦运动有持续性抑制作用。用免疫组化PAP法显示出在LH和VMH都有CCK-8免疫反应性神经元存在。     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶对内毒素休克小肠微循环的影响

采用静脉注射脂多糖(1ipopolysaccharide,LPS)的方法建立小鼠内毒素休克模型,探讨内毒素休克时小肠微循环的变化以及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)对小肠微循环的影响。实验过程中连续监测小鼠平均动脉血压(mean afterial pressure,MAP)变化情况。利用FTTC标记红细胞和活体显微镜方法直接观察并计算小鼠小肠绒毛尖端小动脉和毛细血管内红细胞的流速和流量,并观察敲除小鼠iNOS基因和选择性iNOS抑制剂S-methylthiourea sulfate(SMT)对实验过程中小肠微循环的影响。结果显示,对于野生型小鼠,应用SMT处理和敲除iNOS基因对基线的MAP、小肠绒毛尖端小动脉和毛细血管的红细胞流速和流量没有显著性差别。给予LPS后,小鼠的MAP进行性下降。给予LPS前,应用SMT和敲除小鼠iNOS基因可以显著提高MAP：给予LPS后,小鼠小肠绒毛尖端小动脉和毛细血管内红细胞流速和流量显著下降。给予LPS前,应用SMT和敲除小鼠iNOS基因可以显著提高小肠绒毛尖端小动脉和毛细血管的红细胞流速和流量。结果表明,iNOS在内毒素休克小肠微循环衰竭的过程中发挥重要作用。一能性     

The effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide on pituitary-adrenal hormone secretion

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) on pituitary-adrenal hormone secretion. CCK-OP at a dose of 5 μg/kg (i.p.) elevated plasma corticosterone from 27 to 43 μg/100 ml in one experiment and from 12 to 50 μg/100 ml in a second experiment: Lower doses of CCK-OP (0.5 μg/kg) elevated corticosterone from 12 μg/100 ml to 20 μg/100 ml. CCK-OP (1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) had no effect on ACTH-induced corticosterone released by isolated adrenal cells in vitro when tested in the presence of 50 pg of ACTH_1?24. 100 and 500 ng of CCK-OP resulted in an increased pituitary ACTH release equal to 123% (n.s.) and a 206% (P < 0.05) of control, respectively. In comparison, a $\text{3}\text{5}$ hypothalamic stalk median eminence equivalent increased ACTH release to 313% of control (P < 0.05). The exact mechanism of this CCK effect on pituitary ACTH release is unknown. Although it is likely that the direct effects on the pituitary in vitro represent a pharmacologic and not a physiologic effect of this peptide, in vivo doses are between doses used for pancreatic effects and satiety effects suggesting that there may be a physiologic stimulating action of this peptide on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis but at a level above the adrenal and pituitary.     

脂多糖诱导小鼠脏器中胞间粘附分子-1的表达

为研究脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的内毒素休克小鼠多种脏器中胞间粘附分子-1（intercellu-lar adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)表达的差异。用5mg/kgLPS腹腔注射小鼠后,分别采用Western blotting和RT-PCR法检测组织中ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA的表达情况,结果显示,在正常小鼠,ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA的表达在肺中最多,其次是脾脏,在肾脏和肠有少量表达,在肝脏和心脏中未能检出,LPS腹腔注射后6h可诱导小鼠发生内毒素休克,此时,ICAM-1蛋白表达仍以在肺中最多,在肝、脾、心、肾和肠依次减少;其中在肺,肾和脾分别比正常时增加4.5、3.0和1.5倍,而且在正常时不能检出的肝和心中呈现阳性,但在肠中则变化不大,脏器中ICAM-1mRNA亦相应显著增加,上述结果表明,在LPS诱导的内毒素休克小鼠的多种脏器中ICAM-1蛋白和mRNA表达显著增加,脏器间ICAM-1表达上调的差异可能带来内毒素休克时脏器的不同易伤性,抑制ICAM-1的表达可能对内毒素休克的防治有重要的意义。     

淋浆对内毒素休克大鼠微循环障碍的干预作用

目的：探讨淋浆对内毒素休克的干预作用及其机制。方法：Wistar雄性大鼠60只,随机分为对照组、模型组和淋浆组,以颈静脉注射LPS（15 mg/kg）复制内毒素休克模型,造模15 min后,淋浆组自颈静脉注射正常淋浆（占全血量1/15）,观察对平均动脉血压（MAP）、回肠下段肠系膜微循环、细静脉壁白细胞粘附数、血浆P-选择素和细胞间粘附分子（ICAM-1）含量的影响。结果：正常淋浆可防止内毒素休克的MAP进行性下降,解除肠系膜微血管的病理性缩窄,减少白细胞在细静脉壁的粘附,改善微循环的流态,降低血浆P-选择素和ICAM-1的水平。结论：小量正常淋浆对LPS攻击导致内毒素休克的微循环障碍和低血压均有良好的干预作用,其机制与减少细胞粘附分子生成有关。     

Characterization of [3H]cholecystokinin octapeptide binding to mouse brain synaptosomes: Effects of neuroleptics

The presence of high concentrations of both dopamine and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the striatum and in various limbic structures suggests that the CCK may not only influence dopaminergic transmission, but it also may be relevant to the psychopathology of schizophrenia and to the therapeutic effects of neuroleptics. By using a synaptosomal fraction isolated from the mouse cerebral cortex and [propionyl-³H]CCK8-sulphate ([³H]CCK8S) as a ligand, a single binding site for [³H]CCK8 with aK _d value of 1.04 nM and aB _max value of 42.9 fmol/mg protein was identified. The competitive inhibition of [³H]CCK8S binding by related peptides produced an order of potency of CCK8-sulphated (IC50=5.4 nM)>CCK8-unsulfated (IC50=40 nM) and >CCK4 (IC50=125 nM). The regional distribution of [³H]CCK8S binding in the mouse brain was highest in the olfactory bulb (34.3±5.6 fmol/mg protein) > cerebral cortex > cerebellum > olfactory tubercle > striatum > pons-medulla > mid brain > hippocampus > hypothalamus (12.4±2.1 fmol/mg protein). The repeated administration of haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg/tid) increased the binding of [³H]CCK8S in cerebral cortex from 31.8±1.7 to 38.9±5.2 fmol/mg protein. The varied distribution of CCK8S receptors may signify nonuniform functions for the octapeptide in the brain.     

牛磺酸对失血性休克复苏家兔血浆和心肌NOS活性影响

目的:探讨牛磺酸对失血性休克复苏后血浆和心肌一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性、一氧化氮(NO)含量变化的影响.方法:新西兰种兔24只随机分为3组(n=8):对照组、休克组、牛磺酸治疗组.采用失血性休克复苏动物模型.连续观察休克前、休克1.5 h、复苏后1 h、2 h、3 h血浆一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性、一氧化氮代谢产物(NO-2/NO-3)含量、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的动态变化.测定复苏后3 h心肌一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性、一氧化氮代谢产物(NO-2/NO-3)含量的变化,并常规留取心肌标本观察形态学改变.结果:①休克组复苏后各时限血浆NOS活性、NO-2/NO-3含量、LDH活性显著高于休克前及休克1.5 h;②休克组复苏后3 h心肌NOS活性、NO-2/NO-3含量显著高于对照组,心肌出现明显水肿和脂肪变性;③牛磺酸(40 mg·kg-1 iv)可显著缓解上述变化.结论:失血性休克复苏后NOS的激活和NO的大量释放,可能介导了休克复苏所致心肌损伤,牛磺酸可减少NO的生成使心肌损伤减轻.     

Effect of super-high frequency electromagnetic radiation on the immune status of mice in endotoxic shock

The influence of low-intensity centimeter electromagnetic waves (sweep 8.15–18 GHz, 1 μW/cm², 1 h daily for 10 days) on the production of TNFα; interleukins 1α, 1β, 2, 6, and 10; IFNγ, NO; and Hsp 27, 72, and 90α was assessed in mice before and after acute intoxication with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Irradiation after the endotoxic shock had no beneficial effect, whereas preliminary exposure improved the indices of organismic defense.     

Visualization of oxygen-concentration-dependent production of nitric oxide in rat hippocampal slices during aglycemia

Our novel fluorescent indicator, DAF-FM, permits the bioimaging of nitric oxide (NO) in living cells with high resolution in space and time, with stable intensity above pH 5.8. A membrane-permeable derivative, DAF-FM DA, was applied to imaging of NO generated in rat hippocampal slices by exposure to an aglycemic medium. NO production was observed mainly in the CA1 area, and was dependent on the concentration of O(2). During exposure to an anoxic-aglycemic medium, NO was hardly produced, while marked elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) was observed. Production of NO increased sharply as soon as the perfusate was changed to the normal medium. These results suggest that NO synthase is activated after reperfusion rather than during ischemia.