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1.
宁南山区典型植物根系分解特征及其对土壤养分的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杨轩  李娅芸  安韶山  曾全超 《生态学报》2019,39(8):2741-2751
根系分解是陆地生态系统碳和养分循环的重要地下生态过程,研究宁南山区典型植物根系分解特征及其对土壤养分的影响,能够丰富和完善陆地生态系统的物质和能量循环机制,为我国黄土高原植被恢复过程中植物与土壤之间的养分循环提供依据。连续2年研究了宁南山区3种典型植物(长芒草、铁杆蒿和百里香)根系的分解特征及其对土壤养分的影响。结果表明,长芒草、铁杆蒿和百里香根系年分解指数(K)分别0.00891、0.01128、0.01408,分解速率依次表现为百里香铁杆蒿长芒草。分解16个月后3种典型植物根系释放大量养分,其中碳的释放量在57.05—124.39 g/kg;氮的释放量在0.12—0.47 g/kg。3种典型植物根系对土壤养分的影响主要表现为:试验结束时,0—5 cm表层土壤有机碳含量提高了0.17—0.35 g/kg,5—20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量提高了0.26—0.35 g/kg。相关性分析可知,植物根系养分释放量与土壤养分含量之间存在一定的负相关关系,当土壤养分含量较低时,根系会增加养分释放量进行补充。由此可知,根系分解提高了土壤养分含量,有效的促进了养分在根系-土壤中的循环。  相似文献   

2.

Background and Aims

Elucidating the stoichiometry and resorption patterns of multiple nutrients is an essential requirement for a holistic understanding of plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycling. However, most studies have focused on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and largely ignored other nutrients. The current study aimed to determine relationships between resorption patterns and leaf nutrient status for 13 nutrient elements in a karst vegetation region.

Methods

Plant and soil samples were collected from four vegetation types in the karst region of south-western China and divided into eight plant functional types. Samples of newly expanded and recently senesced leaves were analysed to determine concentrations of boron (B), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), N, sodium (Na), P, sulphur (S) and zinc (Zn).

Key Results

Nutrient concentrations of the karst plants were lower than those normally found in other regions of China and the rest of the world, and plant growth was mainly limited by P. Overall, four nutrients revealed resorption [N (resorption efficiency 34·6 %), P (48·4 %), K (63·2 %) and Mg (13·2 %)], seven nutrients [B (–16·1 %), Ca (–44·0 %), Cu (–14·5 %), Fe (–205·5 %), Mn (–72·5 %), Mo (–35·6 %) and Zn (–184·3 %)] showed accumulation in senesced leaves and two nutrients (Na and S) showed no resorption or accumulation. Resorption efficiencies of K and Mg and accumulation of B, Ca, Fe and Mn differed among plant functional types, and this strongly affected litter quality. Resorption efficiencies of N, P and K and accumulation of Ca and Zn increased with decreasing concentrations of these nutrients in green leaves. The N:P, N:K and N:Mg ratios in green leaves predicted resorption proficiency for N, K and Mg, respectively.

Conclusions

The results emphasize the fact that nutrient resorption patterns strongly depend on element and plant functional type, which provides new insights into plant nutrient use strategies and nutrient cycling in karst ecosystems.  相似文献   

3.
为探明福建三种常绿阔叶林生态系统的养分循环状况及其主要影响因素,采用样地调查采样法,研究了福建武夷山自然保护区甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)林、天宝岩自然保护区刨花润楠(Machilus pauhoi)林和虎伯寮自然保护区薄叶润楠(Machilus leptophylla)林的植物、凋落物和表层土壤(0-10 cm)碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量、化学计量特征及其与环境因子的相关性。结果表明:(1)比较3个样点同组分C、N和P含量,除了乔木层的N含量外,虎伯寮植物和凋落物层C、N和P含量均显著高于天宝岩和武夷山;武夷山表层土壤的C和N含量显著高于虎伯寮和天宝岩,P含量排序为天宝岩>武夷山>虎伯寮。(2) P是福建天然林植物生长的主要限制因子,土壤P的缺乏是影响福建常绿阔叶林养分循环的重要因素。(3)植物叶片与凋落物中的养分含量及化学计量比呈极显著正相关,与表层土壤呈极显著负相关,可见福建常绿阔叶林生态系统养分循环过程中,土壤养分消耗速率超过了凋落物的养分供给速率,导致生态系统养分循环缓慢。(4)气温和土壤C ∶ N是影响常绿阔叶林生态系统养分循环的关键环境因子。  相似文献   

4.
植物与土壤微生物在调控生态系统养分循环中的作用   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14       下载免费PDF全文
陆地生态系统的地上、地下是相互联系的。植物与土壤微生物作为陆地生态系统中的重要组成部分,它们之间的相互作用是生态系统地上、地下结合的重要纽带。该文首先介绍了植物在养分循环中对营养元素的吸收、积累和归还等作用,阐述了土壤微生物对养分有效性及土壤质量具有重要的作用。其次,重点综述了植物与土壤微生物之间相互依存、相互竞争的关系。植物通过其凋落物与分泌物为土壤微生物提供营养,土壤微生物作为分解者提供植物可吸收的营养元素,比如共生体菌根真菌即可使植物根与土壤真菌达到互惠。然而,植物的养分吸收与微生物的养分固持同时存在,因而两者之间存在对养分的竞争。通过植物多样性对土壤微生物多样性的影响分析,以及土壤微生物直接或间接作用于植物多样性和生产力的分析,探讨了植物物种多样性与土壤微生物多样性之间的内在联系。针对当前植物与土壤微生物对养分循环的调控机制的争论,提出植物凋落物是调节植物与土壤微生物养分循环的良好媒介,植物与土壤微生物的共同作用对维持整个生态系统的稳定性具有重要意义。也指出了目前在陆地生态系统地上、地下研究中存在的不足和亟待解决的问题。  相似文献   

5.
In ecosystems limited by soil nutrients, some plants show a restricted horizontal distribution of their roots. We explored the hypothesis that this particular pattern is a foraging strategy emerging from tradeoffs between soil exploration (that increases the pool of nutrients available for plants) and the local control of nutrient cycling within the soil that we call soil occupation. We developed two general analytical models of the cycling of a limiting nutrient in a plant population that is not limited by water. They allowed to explore how plant productivity is affected when roots do not exploit the whole soil available and to determine the conditions for which plant nutrient stock is maximized when plants limit their exploration of soil. We predict that a restricted exploration strategy can be beneficial when 1) there is at least one tradeoff between a nutrient cycling parameter and soil exploration, 2) nutrient availability in the unexplored soil is poor and 3) the area of soil explored by plants is stable over time. The exploration limitation strategy results in spatially heterogeneous and nutrient‐conservative ecosystems. Our results should apply well to perennial tussock grasses within tropical nutrient‐limited ecosystems and raises interesting cues for the construction of more sustainable agro‐ecosystems. Overall, our study underlines the importance of considering the multiplicity of root–soil interactions and of their scales when considering root foraging strategies.  相似文献   

6.
长期施肥对土壤养分库的影响   总被引:37,自引:3,他引:34  
扼要地概述了国内外近年来关于长期施肥条件下土壤养分库的动态与平衡方面的研究成果。主要介绍并讨论了土壤氮、磷、钾养分全量及有效量的动态变化 ,土壤有机碳含量的动态变化 ;铵态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮、酸解未知态氮、非水解残渣氮及微生物体氮在土壤氮库中的动态变化 ;Ca2 P、Ca8 P、Al P、Fe P、闭蓄态磷 ,活性有机磷、中度活性有机磷、中稳性有机磷、高稳性有机磷及微生物体磷在土壤磷库中的动态变化 ;土壤碳库中松结态腐殖质、稳结态腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质以及富里酸和胡敏酸的动态变化 ;长期施肥对土壤有机无机复合状况的影响 ;农田土壤养分库的养分循环与养分平衡。还指出了当前土壤养分库研究面临的一些问题 ,并提出了今后研究的几个热点内容  相似文献   

7.
微斑块变化是草原退化过程中的活跃成分。分析了呼伦贝尔克氏针茅草原逆行演替过程中微斑块土壤全碳、全氮和碱解氮含量的空间异质性,提出了"养分聚集效应"的概念。研究结果表明:随着群落退化演替的加剧,土壤全碳、全氮和碱解氮的含量均表现为演替前期演替后期演替中期(P0.05)。从土壤全碳、全氮和碱解氮的变异系数和变异函数综合分析来看,10 cm×10 cm微尺度上,草原退化演替过程中土壤全碳、全氮和碱解氮的空间异质性具有明显的不一致性;全碳的空间异质性表现为演替中期演替前期演替后期,全氮表现为演替后期演替前期演替中期,碱解氮表现为演替中期演替后期演替前期。草原退化过程中土壤养分在微斑块上的富积和迁移表现出尺度依赖性和变异性。  相似文献   

8.
为了解辽西北沙地果农间作系统中土壤养分及微生物量分布特征,选取研究区具有代表性的苹果(Malus pumila)-大豆(Glycine max)间作系统为研究对象,对间作系统0~60 cm土层、0~300 cm水平距离范围内的土壤养分和微生物量进行了测定,并与大豆单作、苹果单作进行对比。结果表明:辽西北沙地苹果与大豆间作系统中土壤养分十分匮乏,全氮、碱解氮、有效磷极缺乏;在水平方向上,随距苹果树距离的增加,间作系统中土壤有机质、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷总体上呈现先降低再升高后趋于平稳的变化规律;各养分竞争激烈区位于果树带区[0,100 cm);在垂直方向上,苹果与大豆间作系统各土壤养分均表现出表聚性,表土层(0~20 cm)土壤养分含量显著高于深土层(20~60 cm);土壤微生物量碳、氮在果树带区及表土层含量高,且在该区域细菌数量高;间作与单作各土壤养分、微生物量在表土层差异较大,差异性随土层加深而缩小,间作系统除碱解氮外对土壤养分表现为负效应,不能满足间作系统对土壤养分的需求,尤其对土壤氮素、磷素竞争需求量较大。综上所述,辽西北沙地苹果-大豆间作系统中存在明显的竞争关系,竞争激烈区域位于果树带区,应在此处加强氮肥和磷肥施加。  相似文献   

9.
Zaraninge is a former forest reserve which is now included as part of the Saadani National Park in Bagamoyo District Coast Region. The influence of soil mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Mg and Na) on the pattern of plant species distributions was determined, and transect method was used for data collection. Plant species composition and abundance followed variation in soil nutrient gradients within Zaraninge Forest. Canonical correspondence analysis of soil and plant data showed that calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were the mineral nutrients that significantly influenced the distribution plant species (P < 0.05) while other nutrients had no significant effects. Data from this study provide evidence of the existing variation in soil nutrient saturation gradients to which plant species distribution responds within the forest. A successful conservation of Zaraninge Forest biodiversity requires protecting the soil which is the necessary habitat for the plant species.  相似文献   

10.

Questions

The rapid climate warming in tundra ecosystems can increase nutrient availability in the soil, which may initiate shifts in vegetation composition. The direction in which the vegetation shifts will co‐determine whether Arctic warming is mitigated or accelerated, making the understanding of successional trajectories urgent. One of the key factors influencing the competitive relationships between plant species is their access to nutrients, depending on the depth where they take up most nutrients. However, nutrient uptake at different soil depths by tundra plant species that differ in rooting depth is unclear.

Location

Kytalyk Nature Reserve, northeast Siberia, Russia.

Methods

We injected 15N to 5 cm, 15 cm and the thaw front of the soil in a moist tussock tundra. The absorption of 15N by grasses, sedges, deciduous shrubs and evergreen shrubs from the three depths was compared.

Results

The results clearly show a vertical differentiation of N uptake by these plant functional types, corresponding to their rooting strategy. Shallow‐rooting dwarf shrubs were more capable of absorbing nutrients from the upper soil than from deeper soil. Deep‐rooting grasses and sedges were more capable of absorbing nutrients from deeper soil than the dwarf shrubs. The natural 15N abundances in control plants also indicate that graminoids can absorb more nutrients from the deeper soil than dwarf shrubs.

Conclusions

Our results show that graminoids and shrubs in the Arctic differ in their N uptake strategies, with graminoids profiting from nutrients released at the thaw front, while shrubs mainly forage in upper soil layers. Our results suggest that tundra vegetation will become graminoid‐dominated as permafrost thaw progresses and nutrient availability increases in the deep soil.  相似文献   

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