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1.
<正>寄生霜霉Peronospora parasitica(Pers.)Fr.主要为害十字花科植物,引起许多蔬菜及油菜的霜霉病,常造成严重损失,寄主范围较广,常见寄主有油菜、甘蓝、花椰菜、白菜、芥菜、萝卜等,是霜霉属最重要的种之一(陆家云2001;张中义等1986)。侵染白菜引起白菜霜霉病。白菜小苗被害时,初在叶背  相似文献   

2.
葡萄霜霉病离体接种方法的研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
汤钿   《微生物学通报》1994,21(6):373-373,F003
用葡萄霜霉菌孢子囊悬浮液接种于葡萄叶盘,一般接种后3-4天,叶盘上可见孢子囊,接菌后5-6天,侵染率可达95-100%。  相似文献   

3.
以‘08S555’和‘陕秋白’大白菜子叶为外植体,研究了激素配比和AgNO3对不定芽再生的影响。结果表明:‘陕秋白’的再生率高于‘08S555’,但出芽系数比‘08S555’低。在6-BA与NAA组合时,‘陕秋白’再生率最高,为68.33%,‘08S555’为28.33%;再生系数分别为1.09和2.81。在TDZ与NAA组合时,二者不定芽的再生频率分别为79.17%和45.83%;再生系数分别为1.24和2.55。这说明与6-BA相比,TDZ与NAA组合对两个大白菜子叶再生率的效果更好。AgNO3与细胞分裂素及生长素配合使用,能提高‘陕秋白’子叶不定芽的再生频率。当TDZ浓度为0.3mg·L^-1、NAA为0.5mg·L^-1和AgNO3为6mg·L^-1时,‘陕秋白’再生率最高,达到87.50%。  相似文献   

4.
棉铃疫病菌孢子囊产生及游动孢子悬液稀释的方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
单卫星  李君彦   《微生物学通报》1993,20(5):263-266
本文报道棉铃疫病菌即苎麻疫霉菌(Phytophthora boehmeriae)孢子囊的离体生产及游动孢子悬液的稀释方法。将疫病菌菌饼置于马铃薯葡萄糖培养液(PDL)或菜豆葡萄糖培养液(BDL)中,24C条件下暗培养48—72小时,然后将菌丝块在20-22℃条件下用矿质盐溶液(MSS)更换漂洗(4次)培养10-12小时并辅以光照(日光灯);最后除去MSS,继续光照培养12小时即可得到大量孢子囊。黑暗条件可抑制孢子囊的形成而促进卵孢子的产生。培养液采用BDL优于PDL,除了产孢量更高外,突出的  相似文献   

5.
对桔梗花粉离体萌发条件进行了筛选,并采用花粉离体萌发法测定了不同干燥方式和贮藏时间处理对桔梗花粉生活力的影响;同时采用人工授粉的方法研究了不同处理后桔梗花粉授粉结实能力的变化。结果表明:(1)30℃培养1.5h是桔梗花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的最佳培养条件。(2)不同干燥方式、不同干燥时间处理后桔梗花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均有所下降,但下降幅度不同,其中以干燥箱45℃烘干处理1.5h~2h下降最少,其花粉耐藏性也有明显提高。(3)不同干燥方式处理桔梗花粉后其授粉结籽率的变化明显不同,阴置2h处理的花粉结籽率最低,而干燥器内放置6h、日晒2h和烘干1.5h处理后花粉结籽率略有变化;干燥处理后随贮藏时间的增加,其授粉结籽率均呈下降趋势,但45℃烘干1.5h处理的花粉结籽率下降速度最慢,其授粉结籽能力可保持5d左右。  相似文献   

6.
楸树等4种梓属树种花粉离体培养条件的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为筛选出楸树(Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey. )等4个树种花粉离体培养的适宜条件,以花粉萌发率和花粉管长度为指标,研究了培养时间、培养温度、液体培养基pH值、蔗糖浓度和PEG-4000浓度对2个楸树花粉样品(CB-1和CB-2)及滇楸[C. fargesii Bur. f. duclouxii (Dode) Gilmour]、黄金树[C. speciosa (Warder ex Barney)Engelmann]和梓树(C. ovata G. Don)花粉离体萌发的影响.实验结果显示,不同培养时间对楸树的花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均有极显著影响,培养至6 h时花粉萌发率最高(91.0%),培养至6~7 h时花粉管长度达到最长,最适培养时间为6 h.培养温度、液体培养基pH值、蔗糖浓度和PEG-4000浓度对4个树种花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均有明显影响.在19 ℃~36 ℃范围内,较低或较高的培养温度均对花粉萌发有一定的抑制作用,适宜各树种花粉离体萌发的培养温度为24 ℃~28 ℃;供试的4个树种花粉适宜在弱酸性环境下萌发和生长,适宜的液体培养基pH值为5.0~5.6;在蔗糖浓度为15~25 g·L-1的液体培养基中,花粉萌发率及花粉管长度均达到最大值;液体培养基中添加不同浓度PEG-4000,在较短的培养时间(3 h)内明显抑制花粉萌发和花粉管生长,但培养时间延长至6 h,添加5~25 g·L-1 PEG-4000对花粉萌发有一定促进作用,适宜的PEG-4000浓度为20 g·L-1.结果表明,不同树种甚至同一树种不同种源适宜的花粉离体培养条件有一定的差异,应根据种类或种源进行适当的调整.  相似文献   

7.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The Sainsbury Orchid Conservation Project (SOCP), based in the Micropropagation Unit of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, has worked for many years with English Nature, and the Species Recovery Programme in particular, in raising plants of the lady's slipper orchid for re-establishment. This is a collaborative venture with the involvement of a large number of organizations and individuals at national and local level.Cypripedium calceolusis one of Britain's rarest plants. Thought at one time to be extinct, its decline is due to overcollection by botanists for herbarium specimens and by gardeners and it is found now on a single, fragile, natural site. It has been wardened since 1970s because of concerns about long-term safety and is protected under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. Natural pollination has not been observed and hand pollination is carried out to ensure seed set. Some seed is scattered on site resulting in a few seedlings and the remaining capsules are sent to the Sainsbury Orchid Conservation Project. In addition, some plants of native origin are held in cultivation and molecular techniques are being carried out at Kew to ascertain how these are related. The best pollination strategy to increase genetic diversity is co-ordinated by English Nature and SOCP, as is the optimum collection time post-pollination to achieve maximum germination. Seedlings are propagated in the laboratory using immature green capsules sown on a range of nutrient media. No symbiotic fungus has yet been found for this species. Germination occurs after 6 weeks in the dark and the plants chilled when roots are well developed and shoots beginning to form. Plants potted up at Kew and near the native site have produced leaves and buds and extensive planting trials have now commenced. The main objective is to increase the number of localities whereCypripediumoccurs through re-establishment. As its decline is due to overcollection rather than habitat loss, many old sites have changed very little. Observation of continental populations is important in assessing suitability of potential sites as the extant clone may not be in optimum conditions. An initial planting trial on the wild site in winter 1989/90 resulted in a 75% survival rate of seedlings planted out. However, establishing seedlings is a long process and careful monitoring is required.  相似文献   

8.
以东方百合‘索邦’和‘西伯利亚’鳞片为外植体得到的一代试管小鳞茎为试材,研究0℃冷藏不同时间对试管鳞茎生理指标变化,以及试管鳞茎解除休眠和移栽后生长发育的影响。结果表明,冷藏0--28dN,随着冷藏时间的延长,试管鳞茎出苗率逐渐增加,冷藏处理28d达到最高,之后逐渐降低。冷藏期间,试管鳞茎中淀粉含量持续降低,而可溶性总糖和还原性糖含量表现出先升高后下降的趋势,冷藏处理28d的含量最高。同时,随着冷藏时间的延长,IAA和ZR含量逐渐升高,ABA含量逐渐下降,而GA。含量表现出先上升后下降的趋势,并且也在冷藏处理28dN-含量达到峰值。另外,采用隶属函数值对低温处理的试管苗栽培1年后所收获种球的数量、质量等指标进行评价,结果显示,均以低温处理28d时达到最大值。由此得出,0℃低温处理试管小鳞茎28d为解除休眠及促进生长发育的最适处理时间。  相似文献   

9.
Summary A micropropagation system was developed forAcacia mearnsii De Wild., which is the principal source of the world’s tanbark and an excellent firewood. Shoot tips 5-mm long from 3-wk-old seedlings germinated in vitro served as explants. The seeds were germinated on hormone-free MS medium and the shoot tips were cultured on three-fourth-strength MS medium supplemented with combinations of auxins [indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) andα-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)] and cytokinins [kinetin and benzylaminopurine (BAP)]. Cultures were maintained at 25° ± 5° C and exposed to 12-h photoperiods of cool-white fluorescent light (70 μEm−2·s−1). Multiple shoot formation was promoted by BAP at 2 mg · liter−1 (8.87μM) and higher combined with or without 0.01 mg · liter−1 (0.049μM) IBA. Cytokinins at concentrations of less than 1 mg · liter−1 combined with 0.01 to 0.1 mg · liter−1 auxin inhibited multiple shoot formation and promoted rooting of the shoot tip explants. Shoot multiplication cultures were maintained by transferring segments of multiple-shoot clusters onto a medium containing 2 mg · liter−1 BAP and 0.01 mg · liter−1 IBA. Although higher levels of BAP promoted more multiple shoot formation, this BAP level allowed shoot elongation as well as multiplication. In-vitro-produced shoots were induced to root on a range of NAA concentrations (0.0 to 0.8 mg · liter−1[4.3μM]) supplemented to half- or full-strength MS medium. The highest frequency of root proliferation was on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.6 mg · liter−1 (3.22μM) NAA. Plantlets survived in potting soil and exhibited normal growth under greenhouse conditions.  相似文献   

10.
对云南火焰兰进行无菌播种技术试验.结果表明,适宜萌动的培养基为1/4MS 椰子水20% 蛋白胨1 g L-1 蔗糖10 g L-1,播种30 d时萌动率可达93.1%;适宜萌发的培养基为VW 椰子水10%,培养75 d时萌发率达36.6%.盐浓度较高的MS培养基不适合种子萌发和原球茎生长,低盐的KC培养基上种子能较好地萌发和成苗;添加椰子水可明显提高种子萌动率,并有利于原球茎的生长和分化.光培养和暗培养对种子萌动的影响差异不明显,但暗培养3周会对种子后期发育不利.添加150 g L-1的苹果匀浆有利于幼苗生长.试管苗移栽成活率在95%以上.  相似文献   

11.
黑节草未成熟种子的形态发育及其在离体培养时的表现   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
黑节草(Dendrobium candidum Wall ex Lind.)2—6个月种龄的胚均处于球形胚阶段,不同种龄的胚在体积大小、胚细胞数目、胚细胞内的淀粉粒含量和超微结构上有差异。在离体培养条件下黑节草种子萌发率可达95%,种子萌发后形成原球茎,原球茎可以直接发育形成幼苗,又可以由原球茎产生大量愈伤组织,由愈伤组织再分化发育成幼苗。种子萌发过程中,胚顶端分生组织细胞的淀粉逐渐消耗,淀粉的变化与分生组织和子叶的形成有明显的相关性。  相似文献   

12.
    
The process of in vitro seed germination of Cymbidium ensifoliumcultivar Si-ji-lan could be divided into the following five stages: (1) Proembryos wereswollen, outer layer cells became irregular in shape. The tangential wall of outer layer cells of proembryos was thickened. The terminal cells were much smaller than basiccells. (2) Seeds germinated and differentiated into protocorms with terminal or lateralmeristem. (3) On one flank of the terminal meristem a single cotyledon was differen-tiated. (4) After the first foliage leaf was formed in the opposite side of the cotyledon,the protocorms developed into rhizomes. (5) As the third or forth leaf was formed, young roots were initiated. The results stained by Suden IV shot that the possiblecause for quite slow seed germination rate of Cymbidium ensifolium in vitro is due tothe thickened layers of seed coat, reducing its penetrability on the surface of proem-bryo. During seed germination the lipid and starch in the embryo cells were reduced.The reduction of starches may be closely correlated to the meristem formation.  相似文献   

13.
徐可  王涛  张毓 《生物资源》2020,42(1):43-48
兰科杓兰属(Cypripedium)植物主要分布于东亚、北美等温带地区和亚热带山地。杓兰不仅具有极高的观赏价值,而且其经济价值和科研价值也越来越受到人们的重视。近年来对杓兰属植物人工繁殖的相关研究不断深入,主要集中于种子的非共生萌发等方面。本文对濒危兰科杓兰属植物进行了简要介绍,并就其种子非共生萌发研究从种子成熟度、预处理和有机添加物的作用、培养基的配置等方面进行综述,为目标杓兰种类的非共生萌发试验方案的制定奠定基础,将有助于温带/高山兰科植物保育研究的发展。  相似文献   

14.
淫羊藿花粉萌发及花粉管生长研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
运用方差分析、多重比较和正交实验方法对淫羊藿花粉的萌发和花粉管生长进行了研究.结果表明:培养基内硼酸、硝酸钙、蔗糖在一定浓度范围内,对花粉萌发及花粉管生长起促进作用,但超过一定浓度时则起抑制作用;镁和钾对花粉萌发及花粉管生长影响不显著.在正交实验中蔗糖和H3BO3对淫羊藿花粉萌发有显著影响,而培养基组分间没有明显的交互作用.淫羊藿最适花粉液体培养基为15%蔗糖 40 mg/L H3BO3 40 mg/LCa(NO3)2·4H2O;在pH值为5.0、25℃和600 lx光照时淫羊藿花粉萌发和花粉管生长最好.  相似文献   

15.
吴漫玲  朱江  艾训儒  姚兰  黄小  王进  朱强  陈绍林 《广西植物》2020,40(11):1691-1698
水杉原生种群天然更新极差,林下鲜见幼苗和幼树,种子萌发率低是造成天然更新困难的重要因素。为探究其种子萌发率低是否与水杉母树原生地春季低温有关,该文利用恒温培养箱设置3种恒温处理(15、20、25℃)和1种变温处理(12℃/12 h和24℃/12 h,每24 h交替),并设置5种不同浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000,0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20 g·m L-1)模拟干旱胁迫,来研究干旱胁迫对水杉种子萌发的影响。结果表明:(1)实验所设置的温度对水杉种子萌发无显著影响(P>0.05),变温条件下的水杉种子平均发芽率和发芽势均为最高,分别为46.75%和21.25%;(2)不同浓度的PEG-6000溶液对其种子萌发产生显著影响(P<0.05),水杉在15℃或25℃下,低浓度的PEG-6000溶液(0~0.10 g·m L-1)对水杉种子的发芽势和发芽指数有促进作用,高浓度(>0.10 g·m L-1)的PEG-6000溶液对水杉种子的萌发有抑制作用,且随着浓度的增大抑制作用也随之增强,直到浓度增...  相似文献   

16.
以膀胱果种子为外植体,通过对基本培养基、生长调节剂配比及移栽基质的筛选,初步建立其离体培养再生体系。结果表明,MS培养基是较适合膀胱果种子萌芽和幼苗生长的基本培养基;诱导下胚轴脱分化成愈伤组织的较佳培养基配方为MS + 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L;顶芽增殖培养的最佳培养基为MS + KT 2.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L;芽苗生根的最佳培养基为1/2MS + NAA 1.0 mg/L;以泥炭土作为移栽基质,成活率达70%,且幼苗生长健壮。  相似文献   

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