拟蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因重组蛋白的纯化及其抗血清制备

为了制备可用于拟蜘蛛拖丝蛋白体外检测的抗血清,利用前期工作中获得的蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因重组原核表达载体2S-pET-52b( + ),采用原核表达方法获得大量重组蜘蛛拖丝蛋白2S-His,对此重组蛋白进行His标签特异性的亲和纯化,再依次经SDS-PAGE、切胶和与佐剂混合后作为抗原;皮下多点注射法将抗原注入新西兰大白兔皮...     

拟蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因人工合成及其原核表达

根据GenBank上蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因序列(AY555585和AH015065)、拖丝蛋白基因的结构特点和密码子的简并性,设计378 bp的拖丝蛋白基因单体,并对其人工聚合成二聚体.Primer5.0分析结果表明,决定拖丝弹性和抗拉力的氨基酸(Gla和Ala)含量(41.43和18.22)接近天然丝蛋白氨基酸含量(42.81和26.32);利用Antheprot软件对二聚体编码氨基酸的二级结构预测结果显示,与丝蛋白的氨基酸链相近,由2个相同的部分排列而成,即β-片层(占48%)、6个α-螺旋间隔(占15%)、散在的转角(占12%)和若干不规则卷曲(占25%).将二聚体与pET-28a( + )连接构建原核表达载体,IPTG诱导重组菌体裂解物经SDS-PAGE电泳可检测到相对分子质量为26.6×103 kD的重组蛋白.上述结果为进一步开展有关转蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因在绵羊被毛中表达的研究奠定了基础.     

蜘蛛丝蛋白的结构及其应用

蜘蛛的拖丝是一种既具有抗张强度又具有高度弹性的奇特蛋白质纤维。近看来,生物学者用现代生物工程技术和其它技术对蛛丝蛋白分子的结构和物理特性,主要是机械特性,进行了广泛深入的研究,取得了很大进展,指出了蛛丝蛋白的工业应用价值。1蛛丝蛋白结构研究进展概述编码一种拖丝蛋白（Spidroiril）的部分cDNA克隆以前已获分离产物,但是所预期的氨基酸顺序并不能解释拖丝蛋白的氨基酸组成。此后又分离出一种编码另一拖丝蛋白（SPidloin2）的部分dD：NA克隆,说明蜘蛛的拖丝是由复合蛋白组成的。Spidroin2的氨基酸顺序是一种与Spidro…     

高分子量RGD-蛛丝蛋白重组体的构建、高密度发酵及纯化

蜘蛛丝是自然界综合性能优良的天然蛋白质纤维之一,因其具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性在生物医学领域具有潜在的应用前景。在本室已经构建的RGD-蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因16多聚体基础上,通过首尾相连、倍加等方法进一步多聚化,得到RGD-蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因32和64多聚体,分别将这两种多聚体与原核高效表达载体pET-30a( )连接,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS,得到的32多聚体表达重组子命名为pNSR32,64多聚体表达重组子命名为pNSR64。通过酶切、琼脂糖电泳鉴定及对目的片段的测序均与理论值相符。将32和64多聚体基因序列注册GenBank,序列号分别为DQ469929和DQ837297。重组体pNSR32和pNSR64经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE图谱显示表达产物分子量分别为102kD和196.6kD,与天然蛛丝蛋白分子量接近并与理论值相吻合。高分子量的蛛丝蛋白在原核生物成功实现高效表达,在国内外尚未见报道。在此基础上对pNSR32工程菌进行高密度发酵,建立了简单高效的目的蛋白纯化工艺。     

大腹园蛛拖丝蛋白一级结构初步研究

采用部分酸水解的方法对大腹园蛛（Ａｒａｎｅｕｓｖｅｎｔｒｏｃｏｓｕｓ）拖丝纤维蛋白进行水解,通过反相高液相色谱分离到一些重复小肽片段,对其序列分析表明,该蜘蛛拖丝蛋白与肖蛸科的棒络新妇蛛（Ｎｅｐｈｉｌａｃｌａｖｉｐｅｓ）丝蛋白的序列比较,有一个完全相同的肽段ＧＹＧＰＧ,其余所测片段测存在差异,显示不同种属的蜘蛛丝在一级结构上的同异,并探讨了结构和功能的关系。     

蜘蛛丝的分子结构与力学性能研究

蜘蛛丝尤其是蜘蛛大囊状腺产生的拖丝,具有独特的机械性能,是自然界颇具应用潜力的生物材料。现代分子生物学技术使蜘蛛丝蛋白基因得以克隆,通过高分子物理化学手段方法的利用,有利于揭示蜘蛛丝蛋白质序列、分子结构、以及分子结构和力学性能之间的关系。对不同种类蜘蛛丝蛋白的深入研究,将为基因工程方法人工合成并改造蜘蛛丝成为可能。     

最新专利文摘

CN0 31192 80 :1,3 丙二醇的两段双底物集成发酵生产方法本发明特征在于二级种子培养是以葡萄糖和甘油为混合双底物,将好氧条件下的二级种子培养和厌氧条件下的甘油厌氧转化集成在同一个发酵罐中进行,并以葡萄糖是否消耗完为好氧到厌氧转换的条件。本发明能够减少工艺步骤,提高设备的利用率,缩短工艺周期而不影响1,3 丙二醇最终的浓度,还避免了系统转换所造成的感染杂菌的机会。CN14 5 0 16 9A :制备性基因重组蜘蛛拖丝蛋白的分离纯化方法本发明涉及制备性基因重组蜘蛛拖丝蛋白(简称蛛丝蛋白)工程菌表达目的蛋白质的分离纯化,得到高纯度可…     

横纹金蛛捕食经验对其丝纤维力学行为与性能的影响

蛛网是蜘蛛的捕食工具,蛛网网丝的结构与性能不仅影响蜘蛛的捕食效率,也关系着蜘蛛的捕食投入。本文利用单纤维电子强力仪研究横纹金蛛(Argiope bruennichi)室内捕食面包虫(Tenebrio molitor)时上前与返回捕食拖丝的力学性能以及捕食经验对圆网半径丝修补前后的力学性能的影响。结果表明,与上前捕食拖丝相比,返回捕食拖丝减小了弹性区的投入,增加了屈服区和加强区的投入,且返回时捕食拖丝更具柔韧性。整体而言,与初始半径丝相比,在未喂食面包虫的条件下,网的半径修补丝增加了力学性能的投入;而在喂食面包虫的条件下,网的半径修补丝减少了力学性能的投入。所测试丝样中出现了两种类型的蛛丝力学行为:一种为典型的蛛丝力学行为;另外一种为似黏流性材料的力学行为,其反映的是满足蛛丝耗散猎物或自身下降时动能的另外一种力学性能的策略。本研究表明蜘蛛能根据其捕食经验遵循Cost-Benefit原则对蜘蛛丝的力学性能进行调节,从而调整捕食投入。     

大腹园蛛大壶状腺丝蛋白-1基因部分cDNA的克隆和序列分析

大腹园蛛大壶状腺表达拖丝蛋白新基因的克隆, 为进一步研究蛛丝蛋白基因以及人工表达蛛丝蛋白提供参考依据。文章利用“通用方法”即反转录—置换法构建大腹园蛛(Araneus ventricosus)大壶状腺(Major ampullate gland) cDNA文库, 并筛选出具有典型重复结构的大腹园蛛大壶状腺丝蛋白-1部分cDNA序列AvMaSp1 (GenBank登录号: AY177203)。该部分序列大小为1 408 bp, 编码区为1 288 bp, 编码氨基酸429个, 预测分子量为34.07 kDa, 典型的重复结构为 (GA)nAm(GA)N, 与十字园蛛(Araneus diadematus)丝蛋白基因ADF-1 (GenBank登录号: ADU47853)同源关系最近, 一致性为75.0%。     

外源丙氨酸提高蜘蛛牵引丝蛋白天然基因在原核系统中的表达

蜘蛛丝蛋白天然基因的体外表达受诸多因素的限制。本研究在获得生长于中国的Nephila clavipes蜘蛛牵引丝蛋白Spidroin2 cDNA（Genbank Accession No. AF441245）的基础上,利用限制性内切酶双酶切反应构建含有Spidroin2 cDNA的重组表达质粒pET-28b(+)-Sp。将该质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）宿主细胞感受态菌中,以不同浓度的IPTG进行诱导,并通过诱导时间、培养温度、加入外源丙氨酸等途径提高Spidroin2 cDNA的表达量,同时利用多克隆抗体对表达产物进行Western blot检测。重组质粒pET-28b(+)-Sp的测序结果表明Spidroin2 cDNA基因以正确的阅读框插入到原核表达载体中;SDS-PAGE结果表明菌体表达蛋白中存在着大小约为31 kDa的目的蛋白带（加入外源丙氨酸条件下）,Western blot检测结果进一步证实,目的基因在大肠杆菌中得到正确表达。本研究证实,蜘蛛牵引丝蛋白Spidroin2 cDNA可在原核细胞内正确表达,外源丙氨酸的加入对于提高天然蜘蛛丝蛋白基因在原核系统的表达作用明显。     

Egg case protein-1. A new class of silk proteins with fibroin-like properties from the spider Latrodectus hesperus

Spiders produce multiple types of silk that exhibit diverse mechanical properties and biological functions. Most molecular studies of spider silk have focused on fibroins from dragline silk and capture silk, two important silk types involved in the survival of the spider. In our studies we have focused on the characterization of egg case silk, a third silk fiber produced by the black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus. Analysis of the physical structure of egg case silk using scanning electron microscopy demonstrates the presence of small and large diameter fibers. By using the strong protein denaturant 8 M guanidine hydrochloride to solubilize the fibers, we demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and protein silver staining that an abundant component of egg case silk is a 100-kDa protein doublet. Combining matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry and reverse genetics, we have isolated a novel gene called ecp-1, which encodes for one of the protein components of the 100-kDa species. BLAST searches of the NCBInr protein data base using the primary sequence of ECP-1 revealed similarity to fibroins from spiders and silkworms, which mapped to two distinct regions within the ECP-1. These regions contained the conserved repetitive fibroin motifs poly(Ala) and poly(Gly-Ala), but surprisingly, no larger ensemble repeats could be identified within the primary sequence of ECP-1. Consistent with silk gland-restricted patterns of expression for fibroins, ECP-1 was demonstrated to be predominantly produced in the tubuliform gland, with lower levels detected in the major and minor ampullate glands. ECP-1 monomeric units were also shown to assemble into higher aggregate structures through the formation of disulfide bonds via a unique cysteine-rich N-terminal region. Collectively, our findings provide new insight into the components of egg case silk and identify a new class of silk proteins with distinctive molecular features relative to traditional members of the spider silk gene family.     

Molecular cloning and expression of the C-terminus of spider flagelliform silk protein from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Araneus ventricosus</Emphasis>

A cDNA coding for the C-terminus of spider flagelliform silk protein (AvFlag) was cloned from Araneus ventricosus. Analysis of the cDNA sequence shows that the C-terminus of AvFlag consists of 167 amino acids of a repetitive region and 87 amino acids of a C-terminal non-repetitive region. The peptide motifs found in spider flagelliform silk proteins, GPGGX and GGX, were conserved in the repetitive region of AvFlag. Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that AvFlag belongs to the spider flagelliform silk proteins. The AvFlag cDNA was expressed as a 28 kDa polypeptide in baculovirus-infected insect cells. As a new expression approach for spider silk protein, the combination of polyhedrin and AvFlag creates a polyhedrin AvFlag fusion protein (61 kDa) that is produced as recombinant polyhedra; this provides a basis for the source of spider silk proteins for various applications.     

Molecular characterization and evolutionary study of spider tubuliform (eggcase) silk protein

As a result of hundreds of millions of years of evolution, orb-web-weaving spiders have developed the use of seven different silks produced by different abdominal glands for various functions. Tubuliform silk (eggcase silk) is unique among these spider silks due to its high serine and very low glycine content. In addition, tubuliform silk is the only silk produced just during a short period of time, the reproductive season, in the spider's life. To understand the molecular characteristics of the proteins composing this silk, we constructed tubuliform-gland-specific cDNA libraries from three different spider families, Nephila clavipes, Argiope aurantia, and Araneus gemmoides. Sequencing of tubuliform silk cDNAs reveals the repetitive architecture of its coding sequence and novel amino acid motifs. The inferred protein, tubuliform spidroin 1 (TuSp1), contains highly homogenized repeats in all three spiders. Amino acid composition comparison of the predicted tubuliform silk protein sequence to tubuliform silk indicates that TuSp1 is the major component of tubuliform silk. Repeat unit alignment of TuSp1 among three spider species shows high sequence conservation among tubuliform silk protein orthologue groups. Sequence comparison among TuSp1 repetitive units within species suggests intragenic concerted evolution, presumably through gene conversion and unequal crossover events. Comparative analysis demonstrates that TuSp1 represents a new orthologue in the spider silk gene family.     

Spider silks: recombinant synthesis,assembly, spinning,and engineering of synthetic proteins

Since thousands of years humans have utilized insect silks for their own benefit and comfort. The most famous example is the use of reeled silkworm silk from Bombyx mori to produce textiles. In contrast, despite the more promising properties of their silk, spiders have not been domesticated for large-scale or even industrial applications, since farming the spiders is not commercially viable due to their highly territorial and cannibalistic nature. Before spider silks can be copied or mimicked, not only the sequence of the underlying proteins but also their functions have to be resolved. Several attempts to recombinantly produce spider silks or spider silk mimics in various expression hosts have been reported previously. A new protein engineering approach, which combines synthetic repetitive silk sequences with authentic silk domains, reveals proteins that closely resemble silk proteins and that can be produced at high yields, which provides a basis for cost-efficient large scale production of spider silk-like proteins.     

From EST sequence to spider silk spinning: identification and molecular characterisation of Nephila senegalensis major ampullate gland peroxidase NsPox

Spider dragline silk is renowned as one of the toughest materials of its kind. In nature, spider silks are spun out of aqueous solutions under environmental conditions. This is in contrast to production of most synthetic fibres, where hazardous solvents, high temperatures and pressure are used. In order to identify some of the chemical processes involved in spider silk spinning, we have produced a collection of cDNA sequences from specific regions of Nephila senegalensis major ampullate gland. We examined in detail the sequence and expression of a putative Nephila senegalensis peroxidase gene (NsPox) from our EST collection. NsPox encodes a protein with similarity to Drosophila melanogaster and Aedes aegypti peroxidases. Northern analysis and in situ localisation experiments revealed that NsPox is expressed in major and minor ampullate glands of the spider where the main components of the dragline silk are produced. We suggest that NsPox plays a role in dragline silk fibre formation and/or processing.     

Microbial production of spider silk proteins.

The remarkable properties of spider dragline silk and related protein polymers will find many applications if the materials can be produced economically. We have demonstrated the production of high molecular weight spider dragline silk analog proteins encoded by synthetic genes in several microbial systems, including Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. In E. coli, proteins of up to 1000 amino acids in length could be produced efficiently, but the yield and homogeneity of higher molecular weight silk proteins were found to be limited by truncated synthesis, probably as a result of ribosome termination errors. No such phenomenon was observed in the yeast P. pastoris, where higher molecular weight silk proteins could be produced without heterogeneity due to truncated synthesis. Spider dragline silk analog proteins could be secreted by P. pastoris when fused to both the signal sequence and N-terminal pro-sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor gene.     

蜘蛛丝蛋白研究进展

由于蜘蛛丝蛋白分子高度重复的一级结构、特殊的溶解特性和分子折叠行为以及具有形成非凡力学特性丝纤维的能力而引人注目。本文从蛛丝蛋白基因、天然蛛丝形成过程、蛛丝蛋白的基因工程生产及蛛丝蛋白的应用前景等几个方面着重介绍了近20年来对蛛丝蛋白的研究进展。围绕蛛丝蛋白展开的研究将有助于揭示蛋白质一级结构、蛋白质分子折叠与蛋白质大分子特性之间的内在联系。     

Spidroins from the Brazilian spider Nephilengys cruentata (Araneae: Nephilidae)

Spiders produce up to six different kinds of silk, each one for a specific biological function. Spider silks are also known for their unique mechanical properties. The possibility of producing new materials with similar properties motivated research on these silk proteins (spidroins). Using expression sequence tags, we identified four spidroins produced by major ampullate, minor ampullate, flagelliform and tubuliform silk glands from the Brazilian spider Nephilengys cruentata (Araneae: Nephilidae). The new protein sequences showed substantial similarity to other spidroins previously described, with high content of alanine and glycine due to the presence of the highly repetitive motifs (polyAla, (GA)_n, (GGX)_n, (GPGGX)_n). Similarities among sequences were also observed between the different spidroins with the exception of tubuliform spidroin, which presents a unique complex amino acid sequence with high amounts of serine and low amounts of glycine.     

Beta-sheet side chain polymers synthesized by atom-transfer radical polymerization

Silks are a widely studied class of naturally occurring structural proteins. Dragline spider silk, in particular, is considered to be nature's high-performance material due to its remarkable combination of strength and toughness. These mechanical properties stem from the protein secondary structure, a combination of well-defined beta-sheets in a less well-defined glycine-rich matrix. The translation of this structure into a synthetic polymer was the aim of this investigation. To achieve this, a peptide-based monomer containing the sequence alanine-glycine-alanine-glycine, a well-known beta-sheet-forming sequence found in silk, was synthesized. Using atom-transfer radical polymerization and a bifunctional initiator, a well-defined peptide-based polymer was prepared. This was then used as the macroinitiator for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The resulting well-defined triblock copolymer was analyzed using IR spectroscopy, which clearly showed beta-sheet secondary structure had been introduced.