蝉蜕活性成分的提取及其抑菌活性的研究

本文报道了对传统中药蝉蜕抑菌活性成分提取与抑菌活性研究结果。对4种提取方法和7种提取溶剂的提取效果进行了平行比较研究,研究结果显示,以体积分数95%乙醇作为提取溶剂,4种提取方法中,以超声波法提取时的浸膏得率最高。采用超声波提取法时,在7种提取溶剂中,以95%乙醇提取浸膏的得率最高。抑菌试验结果表明,不同方法获得提取物与对照组相比对Escheridia coli均有明显的抑菌作用(P≤0.05),但不同提取方法得到的提取物之间,并无显著的抑菌活性差异。其中采用超声波提取法,以95%乙醇为提取溶剂时,所得提取物的抑菌活性最高,对E.coli的最小抑菌浓度为0.078 mg/mL。该研究结果是蝉蜕抑菌成分的首次报道。     

辣椒素的提取及抑菌活性研究

以干红辣椒为原料,选取95%的乙醇和正己烷作为提取溶剂,利用索氏提取法提取其中的辣椒素。结果表明,以95%的乙醇作为提取溶剂的效果好于正己烷,辣椒素的提取率最高可达1.77%,高于正己烷的1.12%的提取率。用滤纸片法研究辣椒素对大肠杆菌等8种常见食品腐败菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:辣椒素对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有明显的抑菌效果,对大肠杆菌抑菌作用较弱,对黑曲霉、青霉、保加利亚乳酸杆菌和噬热链球菌没有作用。辣椒素经过高温灭菌后,抑菌作减弱,培养时间对抑菌圈的影响不大。以正己烷为助溶剂,确定辣椒素对枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为50mg/mL。     

甘草提取物的抑菌活性研究

目的:研究甘草提取物的体外抑菌活性。方法:以甘草为原料,用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、95%乙醇和水五种不同极性的溶剂对其进行提取。以金色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为代表菌种,通过纸片扩散法考察这些提取物对的抑制效果。结果:甘草提取物中不同极性成分的物质对两种菌均有一定的抑制效果,而且对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性比大肠杆菌的抑菌活性强。     

肾指海绵中蛋白质的提取及抑菌活性的研究

在海绵水相研究中,本文以活性为导向对来自大连周边海域的肾指海绵中蛋白质提取进行了研究,对8种不同的水溶性提取溶剂在提取过程中蛋白质含量、抑菌活性以及蛋白质成份等方面做了对比研究,并确认了提取液活性是否是由蛋白质产生。     

墨旱莲提取物抑菌活性初步研究

对药用植物墨旱莲Eclipta prostrata提取物的抑菌活性物质进行研究。结果表明：（1）通过不同部位提取物的抑菌试验,发现只有叶和根茎含有抑菌活性物质;（2）墨旱莲提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、藤黄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.6、2.0、0.8、1.0 g/mL,最小杀菌浓度均为1.0 g/mL,对白色念珠菌有很强的抑菌作用,但对黑曲霉无效;（3）通过不同极性溶剂的抑菌试验表明,抑细菌活性物质易溶于石油醚、乙醚等非极性溶剂,具有最佳抑细菌效果的提取溶剂为偏碱性的65%乙醇溶液;（4）墨旱莲的抑菌活性物质可能为黄酮类物质。     

苍术挥发油的提取及其抑菌活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、微波萃取法和索氏提取法3种方法提取苍术挥发油。平板法涂布研究了3种苍术挥发油对3种细菌和4种真菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),滤纸片固相扩散法研究了苍术挥发油对供试菌体的抑菌活性。结果表明,3种方法提取的苍术挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母、青霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉的MIC分别为:水蒸气蒸馏法为5.00、150.00、150.00、5.00、5.00、5.00、20.00 mL/L;索氏提取法的为10.00、150.00、200.00、20.00、5.00、60.00、40.00 mL/L;微波萃取法的为10.00、150.00、150.00、20.00、20.00、20.00、20.00 mL/L。3种苍术挥发油对供试细菌和真菌都具有相当强的抑菌活性,且浓度越高效果越好。抑菌实验表明3种方法提取的苍术挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、酵母、青霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉的抑菌圈直径都比对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径大。不同提取方法得到的苍术挥发油对同一种菌的最低抑制浓度和抑菌效果不相同,同一种方法提取的苍术挥发油对不同菌的最低抑制浓度和抑菌效果也不相同。     

同时提取光果甘草中光甘草定和甘草酸的工艺研究

本文主要对光果甘草中光甘草定、甘草酸两种重要活性成分的同时提取工艺进行了研究。通过单因素试验确定了影响提取的主要因素及适宜水平范围,通过正交试验确定了其最佳提取条件为:用含0.6%氨水的60%乙醇溶液作为提取剂,料液比为1∶20(w:v),在75℃条件下提取2 h。最佳提取条件下光甘草定的得率为0.238%±0.002%,甘草酸的得率为5.08%±0.03%。该工艺操作简单,投入一批原料,即可同时提取其中的光甘草定和甘草酸,为实现甘草资源高附加值的综合加工利用奠定了基础。     

甘草酸提取的分形维数研究

本文从非线性动力学角度探索了甘草酸浸提过程的混沌性态,提出了浸出物甘草酸质量由扩散项和噪声项两部分组成的模型假设,估算关联维数和甘草酸的浸出均值,对天然植物有效成分的提取及数据资源挖掘具有重要的作用。     

山胡椒挥发油的提取及其抑菌活性研究

目的:研究山胡椒中挥发油最佳提取方法和其抑菌作用。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法、微波萃取法和超临界CO2萃取法三种方法提取干山胡椒果实中的挥发油,研究山胡椒挥发油对7种细菌、4种霉菌、2种酵母的抑菌活性及其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:水蒸汽蒸馏法提取的山胡椒挥发油为淡黄色液体,提取率为10.0%;微波萃取法提取的山胡椒挥发油为黄褐色液体,提取率为11.6%;超临界CO2萃取的山胡椒挥发油为亮黄色液体,提取率为14.7%。山胡椒挥发油经固相和气相扩散,对细菌、酵母有较强的抑菌能力,对霉菌具有很强的抑制能力。对所有供试菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.2%。结论:提取干山胡椒果实中的挥发油的最好方法是超临界CO2萃取法。山胡椒挥发油有较强的抑菌能力,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.2%。     

乌梅等三味具有抑菌活性中药的最佳提取工艺研究

优选乌梅等三味具有抗胸膜肺炎放线杆菌活性中药的有效物质提取工艺。以浸膏得率、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)为指标,采用正交设计实验,综合考虑溶剂浓度、料液比、提取次数、提取时间、提取温度等影响因素,对三味中药有效物质提取工艺进行优选研究。优选出的最佳提取工艺为:黄连粗粉70%乙醇浓度(8倍量),加热回流提取2次,每次2 h;乌梅粗粉95%乙醇浓度(10倍量),90℃加热回流提取1次,每次8 h;虎杖粗粉60%乙醇浓度(6倍量),90℃加热回流提取3次,每次2 h。最佳提取工艺下,黄连、乌梅和虎杖三种提取物浸膏对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的MIC值分别为15.60、10.40、15.60 mg/m L,MBC值分别为26.00、18.20、15.60 mg/m L。     

Synthesis and Immunomodulating Activity of New Amino Acid Derivatives of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Its Methyl Ester

New amino acid derivatives of glycyrrhizic acid and its methyl ester were selectively synthesized using active N-succinimide esters. The compounds with residues of glycine ethyl ester and alanine methyl and butyl esters increased the level of agglutinins and hemolysins in blood serum of mice two- to threefold in comparison with the control upon parenteral administration at a dose of 2 mg/kg for 14 days.     

Synthesis and Immunostimulating Activity of Cysteine-Containing Derivatives of Glycyrrhizic Acid

New cysteine-containing derivatives of glycyrrhizic acid were synthesized by its coupling with Cys(Bzl) esters or the Cys(Bzl)-Val-OBu^t dipeptide by the active ester method (DCC/HOSu) or by Woodward's reagent K. The derivatives with Cys(Bzl) and Cys(Bzl)-Val residues attached to the carbohydrate part of the molecule stimulated the primary immune response and the reaction of delayed-Type hypersensitivity in mice at a dose of 2 mg/kg.     

Transformations of Glycyrrhizic Acid: XV. Synthesis of Triterpene Saponins with Monosaccharide Residues Attached through Ester Bonds

Triterpene saponins, glycoside analogues of glycyrrhizic acid with a modified carbohydrate chain containing monosaccharide residues attached through ester bonds, were synthesized. To this end, peracetylated glycyrrhizic acid or its 30-methyl ester were glycosylated by 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl--D-gluco- or --D-galactopyranosyl bromide in dichloroethane in the presence of Ag₂CO₃. Glycerrhetinic acid saponin with D-Galp residues exhibited a higher antiulcer activity than glycyrrhizic acid in rats at a dose of 25 mg/kg.     

甘草有效成分的药理作用研究进展

综述了近年来甘草中有效成分甘草酸、甘草次酸、甘草黄酮类物质、甘草多糖的药理活性。     

番石榴叶中总黄酮最佳提取条件的探讨及其抑菌作用的研究

设计正交实验,采用超声波法从番石榴叶中提取总黄酮,综合各因素确定最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度40％,固料比（番石榴干叶：浸提剂）=1g：60mL,浸泡25h超声波处理时间50min,获得提取液总黄酮含量为9．9167％。采用牛津杯法做抑菌实验,结果表明番石榴叶和果实的水提、醇提粗提液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、溶血葡萄球菌等均有很好的抑菌效果。叶和果实的总黄酮提取液的抑菌作用也很明显。番石榴有望作为药食同源产品和天然食品防腐剂进行开发利用。     

Glycyrrhizic Acid Prevents Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Mortality in Rats

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), an active ingredient in licorice, has multiple pharmacological activities. However, the effects of GA on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) have not been determined. Tthe aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the effects of GA against sepsis-induced ALI in rats. We found that GA alleviated sepsis-induced ALI through improvements in various pathological changes, as well as decreases in the lung wet/dry weight ratio and total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and a significant increase in the survival rate of treated rats. Additionally, GA markedly inhibited sepsis-induced pulmonary inflammatory responses. Moreover, we found that treatment with GA inhibited oxidative stress damage and apoptosis in lung tissue induced by ALI. Finally, GA treatment significantly inhibited NF-κ B, JNK and P38 MAPK activation. Our data indicate that GA has a protective effect against sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting the inflammatory response, damage from oxidative stress, and apoptosis via inactivation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, providing a molecular basis for a new medical treatment for sepsis-induced ALI.     

熊果酸提取工艺的研究进展

简要介绍了熊果酸的生物活性及其应用,综述了熊果酸几种提取工艺的研究进展,探讨了其今后的发展方向。     

茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

采用高效液相色谱法对三个产地茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量进行了测定,该方法具有操作简便、样品无需预处理等特点,稳定性、重现性较好,回收率高,适合于茶叶多糖糖醛酸含量的测定。结果表明不同产地茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量有明显差异。本文同时研究了不同产地茶叶多糖对超氧自由基和DPPH自由基的清除作用,以评价其抗氧化活性。结果发现不同产地茶叶多糖的抗氧化活性与其糖醛酸含量呈正相关,糖醛酸含量越高,其抗氧化能力越强。     

Bacteriostatic Activities and Metal Chelation of Kojic Acid Analogs

The relationship between structure and activity in bacteriostasis was compared to the relationship between structure and reactivity in metal chelate formation for various kojic acid analogs. The metal chelating property with Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ was closely related to the acid dissociation constant. Since structure-activity analyses showed that the neutral molecule is the active form, and since the pK_A value as the electronic parameter is related to the activity only for the neutral molecule but not for the ionized form, it was postulated that metal chelate formation is not significant for manifestation of the bacteriostatic activity of this series of compounds. This postulation was confirmed in experiments under conditions in which the metal was depleted or excessive. The bacteriostatic activity of kojic acid analogs against such bacteria as S. aureus 209P, E. coli K–12 and Ps. fluorescens was neither retarded nor enhanced.     

微波萃取苦荞壳中总黄酮工艺研究

本文在提取苦荞壳中总黄酮的工艺实验中,优化了提取溶剂的种类,水和乙醇,同时还使用了超声波和微波辅助提取,并分别将不同因素,如溶剂种类及浓度,提取时间,温度,pH,液固比等,对提取结果的影响作了比较,结果表明,当介质为乙醇时的微波萃取效果明显优于其他提取方法。