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1.
全世界记录的长小蠹(鞘翅目:长小蠹科)有1 500余种,其分类地位一直存在争议.本研究通过分子基因信息探讨长小蠹科昆虫的分子系统进化关系,测定了中对长小蠹Euplatypus parallelus(Fabricius)、希氏长小蠹E. hintzi Schaufuss、散对长小蠹E. solutus Schedl、杯长小蠹Dinoplatypus cupulatus Chapuis、小杯长小蠹D.cupulatulus Schedl、芦苇黄截尾长小蠹D.calamus Blandford、五棘长小蠹Diapus quinquespinatus Chapuis、锥长小蠹Treptoplatypus solidus Walk、栎长小蠹Platypus quercivorus Murayama和东亚长小蠹P.lewosi Blandford等长小蠹科5属10种mtDNA CO I基因部分序列(549 bp);采用MEGA3.1分析了序列组成及遗传距离,应用PAUP4.0分别构建了长小蠹NJ,MP和ML等3种分子系统树,同时结合长小蠹的形态分类,探讨10种长小蠹及其所在属的系统进化.结果表明:长小蠹科昆虫在碱基使用频率上有很大的偏向性;长小蠹科与外群小蠹科松瘤小蠹Orthotomicus erosus Wollaston之间的遗传距离(0.288~0.338)远大于科内种间距离(0~0.226);Diapus属分化最早,Euplatypus属独成一支,Treptohlatypus,Dinoplatypus和Platypus 3属分化为一支.长小蠹科分子系统进化研究结果与Wood(1993)新修订的分类系统基本一致,说明长小蠹科的分类系统更趋于合理.  相似文献   

2.
Pertyl832报道,将瘤长蠹属Dysides定为新属,只有暗瘤长蠹Dysides obscurus一种,Lesne(1921)将成虫背面观可见头部的Dysides和Apoleon属列入长蠹科Bostrichidae内,建立瘤长蠹亚科Dysidinae。本文介绍l新种尖瘤长蠹郎Dysides spineus sp.nov.的形态特征及列出该属2种的检索表。属的特征其中触角10节,末节长条形,前胸背板顶后有4颗大瘤突横向排列,其中两侧瘤较大(上述论文末提及)。  相似文献   

3.
全世界记录的长小蠹(鞘翅目:长小蠹科)有1 500余种,其分类地位一直存在争议。本研究通过分子基因信息探讨长小蠹科昆虫的分子系统进化关系,测定了中对长小蠹Euplatypus parallelus(Fabricius)、希氏长小蠹E. hintzi Schaufuss、散对长小蠹E. solutus Schedl、杯长小蠹Dinoplatypus cupulatus Chapuis、小杯长小蠹D. cupulatulus Schedl、芦苇黄截尾长小蠹D. calamus Blandford、五棘长小蠹Diapus quinquespinatus Chapuis、锥长小蠹Treptoplatypus solidus Walk、栎长小蠹Platypus quercivorus Murayama和东亚长小蠹P. lewisi Blandford等长小蠹科5属10种mtDNA COⅠ基因部分序列(549 bp);采用MEGA3.1分析了序列组成及遗传距离,应用PAUP4.0分别构建了长小蠹NJ,MP和ML等3种分子系统树,同时结合长小蠹的形态分类,探讨10 种长小蠹及其所在属的系统进化。结果表明:长小蠹科昆虫在碱基使用频率上有很大的偏向性;长小蠹科与外群小蠹科松瘤小蠹Orthotomicus erosus Wollaston之间的遗传距离(0.288~0.338)远大于科内种间距离(0~0.226);Diapus属分化最早,Euplatypus属独成一支,Treptohlatypus, Dinoplatypus和Platypus 3属分化为一支。长小蠹科分子系统进化研究结果与Wood(1993)新修订的分类系统基本一致,说明长小蠹科的分类系统更趋于合理。  相似文献   

4.
研究了奸狡长蠹属Apate 6个种:钻孔奸狡长蠹Apate terebrans(Pallas)、杂奸狡长蠢Apate degener Murray、射影奸狡长蠹Apate reflexa Lesne、咖啡黑长蠹Apate monachus Fabricius、毛额奸狡长蠹Apate femoralis F&hraeus和毛跗奸狡长蠹Apate indistincta Murray,其中咖啡黑长蠹是我国进境植物检疫性害虫.提供了上述6种奸狡长蠹的鉴定检索表,并分别描述了主要形态特征、寄主、分析和经济重要性.  相似文献   

5.
我国2007年修订公布的《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》将异胫长小蠹属非中国种作为我国进境植物检疫性有害生物。因此开展该类群中国记录种的厘订工作具有重要意义。本文记述了异胫长小蠹属中国记录种13种,即针叶异胫长小蠹Crossotarsus coniferae、缺刻异胫长小蠹C.emancipatus、外齿异胫长小蠹C.externedentatus、壳斗异胫长小蠹C.fagacearum.、黄翅长小蠹C.flavomaculotus、端刺异胫长小蠹C.impariporus,日本异胫长小蠹C.niponicus、黑异胫长小蠹C.piceus、台湾异胫长小蠹C.sauteri、简长小蠹C.simplex、鳞异胫长小蠹C.squamulatus、端异胫长小蠹C.terminatus和华氏异胫长小蠹C.wallacei,对这些种类的主要形态特征进行了描述,并编制了种类检索表。同时整理出了这些种类的寄主及分布。  相似文献   

6.
在非洲进口木材中截获的长蠹科害虫的分类   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
陈志粦 《昆虫知识》2003,40(2):154-159
报道了近年来从非洲进口木材检疫中截获的长蠹科 1 4种害虫 ,并分别对细齿叉尾长蠹Xylionadustus、多齿叉尾长蠹X .plurispinis、毛额奸狡长蠹Apatefemoralis、大角胸长蠹Bostrychoplitesmegaceros、长缘缝棘长蠹Xyloperthodesdiscedens、三胝双棘长蠹Sinoxylonsenegalense、红角双棘长蠹S .ruficorne、褐斑木长蠹Xylodectesornatus、多毛碎木长蠹Xyloperthacrinitarsis、棕异翅长蠹Heterobostrychusbrunneus等重要长蠹成虫的主要形态特征进行了描述 ,编制了分种检索表。  相似文献   

7.
Stephen L.Wood和黄复生1986报道(Stephen,1986),将拟鳞小蠹属Pseudoxylechinus定为新属,包括5种。本文介绍1新种云杉拟鳞小蠹Pseudoxylechinus piceae sp.nov.的形态特征及列出该属6种的检索表。属的特征其中触角锤状部近基1/3处有一横向几丁质嵌隔(上述论文未提及)。  相似文献   

8.
本文用图文描述了番禺口岸近3年来从进口原木中截获的8种长蠹科害虫,包括电缆斜坡长蠹Xylopsocus capucinus(Fabricius)、黄足长棒长蠹Xylothrips flavipes(Illiger)、竹蠹Dinoderus minutus(Fabricius)、三胝双棘长蠹Sinoxylon senegalense Karsch、双棘长蠹Sinoxylon anale Lesne、双钩异翅长蠹Heterobostrychus aequalis(Waterhouse)、大竹蠹Bostrychopsis parallela(Lesne)和红艳长蠹Xylothrips religiosus(Boisduval)等重要长蠹成虫的主要形态特征,并编制了分种检索表.  相似文献   

9.
长蠹科几种检疫性害虫的ND4基因序列及系统进化   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
长蠹科昆虫严重危害林木和仓贮物品。应用非损伤性DNA测序技术测定了来自不同国家的长蠹科害虫的线粒体DNA ND4 基因的部分序列。在获得的204 bp的序列中,5种昆虫的序列变异丰富,多数变异发生在密码子的第3位点上。用PAUP3.1.1数据分析软件构建了5个种的合意简约树。并将实验结果与形态学特征比较分析,探讨5个种及所在属的系统进化。结果表明:双钩异翅长蠹所在的异翅长蠹属分化最早,其次是竹大长蠹所在的大长蠹属、双棘长蠹和黑双棘长蠹所在的双棘长蠹属及红艳长蠹所在的钻木长蠹属。双棘长蠹和黑双棘长蠹隶属同一个属,遗传关系最近,分化最晚,与形态学研究结果相吻合。  相似文献   

10.
我国2007年修订公布的《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》将异胫长小蠹属非中国种作为我国进境植物检疫性有害生物。因此开展该类群中国记录种的厘订工作具有重要意义。本文记述了异胫长小蠹属中国记录种13种,即针叶异胫长小蠢Crossotarsus conife瑚、缺刻异胫长小蠹cemancipatus、外齿异胫长小蠹cexternedentatus、壳斗异胫长小蠹cfagacearum、黄翅长小蠹c伽o,,啪u纽础、端刺异胫长小蠢Cimpariporus,日本异胫长小蠢cniponicus、黑异胫长小蠹c.piceus、台湾异胫长小蠢csauteri、简长小蠹csimplex、鳞异胫长小蠹c.squamulatus、端异胫长小蠢Cterminatus和华氏异胫长小蠹c.wallacei,对这些种类的主要形态特征进行了描述,并编制了种类检索表。同时整理出了这些种类的寄主及分布。  相似文献   

11.
Two strains belonging to a novel anamorphic species, Pseudozyma graminicola, were isolated from the leaves of herbaceous plants in the Moscow region (Russia). This species was genetically distinct from all known Pseudozyma species, based on sequence divergence in the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rDNA and the ITS region. It is related phylogenetically to species of the genus Sporisorium (Ustilaginaceae, Ustilaginales). Physiological characteristics distinguishing this novel species from the other species of the genus Pseudozyma are presented.  相似文献   

12.
The Dalmatian cyprinid genus Phoxinellus is characterized by reductive characters most likely associated with the environmental conditions of small karstic streams, where all species of this genus occur. Based on 33 morphological traits, nuclear and mtDNA sequences Phoxinellus was found to be paraphyletic and included three not closely related monophyletic units. The scientific name Phoxinellus should therefore be restricted to species having plain coloration, small or absent postcleithrum, no genital papilla and an almost entirely naked body such as P. alepidotus, P. dalmaticus, and P. pseudalepidotus. Species that also have a small or absent postcleithrum and no genital papilla but display a dark stripe from the head to the caudal peduncle, and are entirely covered by distinct, not overlapping scales should be positioned closely to Telestes. Thus, we suggest inclusion of Phoxinellus croaticus, P. fontinalis and Paraphoxinus metohiensis in the genus Telestes. The Phoxinellus species that have a irregularly spotted color pattern, a large postcleithrum, an increased number of precaudal anal-fin pterygiophores, and a large genital papilla in females represent its own evolutionary line closely related to the Balkan species of Pseudophoxinus. For this monophyletic group, we propose to introduce a new genus: Delminichthys. This genus includes the species D. adspersus, D. ghetaldii, D. krbavensis and D. jadovensis.  相似文献   

13.
Two novel yeast species, Asterotremella meifongana sp. nov. and Asterotremella nantouana sp. nov., belonging to Asterotremellaceae within the Trichosporonales, are proposed to accommodate five strains isolated from Taiwanese samples of soil and basidiocarps during 2006-2007. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene revealed that the two species are phylogenetically closely related to species of the genus Asterotremella, which indicates that they are members of the genus. The two species can be further differentiated from other Asterotremella species based on their internal transcribed spacer sequences, as well as on a few physiological test responses. The type strains are A. meifongana SN4S04(T) (=CBS 11424(T) = BCRC 23196(T)) and A. nantouana SN5S06(T) (=CBS 10890(T) = BCRC 23135(T)).  相似文献   

14.
Six strains of anamorphic yeasts isolated from insect frass collected in several regions of Thailand were assigned to the genus Candida based on the conventional taxonomic criteria used for yeast classification. These strains have Q-7 as the major ubiquinone and are suggested to have close relationships to the genus Pichia. Three strains, ST-225, ST-228 and ST-229, have identical nucleotide sequences in the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA and are closely related to Pichia japonica, but differ by six nucleotides (1.1% ) from this species. These three strains are considered to represent a single new species, which is described as Candida easanensis sp. nov. Two strains, ST-311 and ST-320, have identical sequences in the D1/D2 domain and resemble Pichia veronae and Pichia fabianii but differ from them by nine nucleotides (1.6%) in D1/D2 sequences. The two strains are described as Candida pattaniensis sp. nov. The remaining strain, ST-37, is related to Pichia americana and Pichia bimundalis but differs by six(1.1%) and seven (1.2%) nucleotides from these species, respectively. This strain is described as Candida nakhonratchasimensis sp. nov.  相似文献   

15.
16.
We have studied the presence of four sperm glycosidases, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-L- fucosidase and two beta-hexosaminidase isoforms, in 11 species of the genus Drosophila spanning approximately an evolutionary 60 MY period, and in Scaptodrosophila lebanonensis, belonging to the ancestor genus Scaptodrosophila. These enzymes had been previously identified in Drosophila melanogaster as putative receptors for glycoconjugates of the egg surface. Alpha-mannosidase and beta-hexosaminidases are intrinsic proteins of the sperm plasma membrane in species closely related to D. melanogaster as well as in the divergent species D. willistoni, D. hydei, D. virilis, and S. lebanonensis. Alpha-L-fucosidase is restricted to the species of the genus Drosophila. Alpha-mannosidase and beta-hexosaminidases have been purified and characterized in all species. Their molecular masses and optimal pHs are similar in all the species, whereas interspecific differences in enzyme activities were detected. Cross-species comparison of kinetic parameters indicated a relationship between enzyme efficiency and phylogenetic relatedness. Beta-hexosaminidases were the most efficient enzymes. Lectin cytochemistry suggested the presence of carbohydrate residues complementary to the glycosidases on the eggshell at the site of sperm entry in all species. Bioinformatic analysis of the coding sequences of beta-hexosaminases and alpha-L-fucosidase and of their predicted products showed no evidence of positive selection of the genes coding for these enzymes and a high degree of sequence identity of the predicted polypeptides among the species of the genus Drosophila. Collectively, our findings indicate that the Drosophila sperm glycosidases are structurally and functionally conserved and strengthen the hypothesis of their involvement in the interactions with the egg surface.  相似文献   

17.
The genus Driessenia Korth. comprises fourteen species and two varieties. Eleven species are endemic to Borneo, the remaining three species occur on Sumatra, Java or Sulawesi. Five species ( D. sessiliflora, D. planopetiolata, D. attenuata, D. grandithyrsa and D. aequiappendiculata ), one variety ( D. microthrix Stapf var. pteroclada ) and one combination ( D. dispar (Cogn.)) are new. The genus Triuranthera Back. is made a synonym of Driessenia . The revision includes a key to the species, illustrations of various floral parts and maps of distribution.  相似文献   

18.
The genus Durvillaea currently has four recognized species found along many exposed, rocky coastlines of the temperate to sub-Antarctic regions in the Southern Hemisphere. We propose that the current species distributions are related primarily to vicariance events and subsequent speciation associated with the breakup of Gondwana between 40 and 100 Ma. From an ancestral species, a stipitate species developed in the Tasman basin, with separation and speciation resulting in the D. potatorum/ D. willana complex in southeastern Australia and New Zealand. A second line of evolution led to D. chathamensis and D. antarctica characterized by a honeycombed medulla. The extensive distribution of D. antarctica throughout the Southern Hemisphere is related to both vicariance and dispersal events. The status of D. chathamensis as a species distinct from D. antarctica is questioned. The affinities of an as yet undescribed taxon from the Antipodes Islands are thought to be with the D. potatorum complex but require further study before they can be defined more precisely .  相似文献   

19.
Yeasts of the artificial genus Candida include plant endophytes, insect symbionts, and opportunistic human pathogens. Phylogenies based on rRNA gene and actin sequences confirmed that the genus is not monophyletic, and the relationships among Candida species and allied teleomorph genera are not clearly resolved. Protein-coding genes have been useful to resolve taxonomic positions among a broad range of fungi. Over 70 taxa of the genus Candida and its allied sexually reproducing genera were therefore selected, and their phylogenetic relationships were investigated using nuclear sequences of the largest subunit and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene, actin, the second subunit of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene, and D1/D2 LSU rRNA gene. The DNA sequences were analysed by maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference, resulting in the recognition of six major phylogenetic groups (A-F). Group A contains six facultative pathogenic Candida species, which seem to have derived from nonpathogenic species, while Group B contains species of Clavispora, Metschnikowia, and Pichia guilliermondii. Species of Debaryomyces form an independent group C that is related to groups A and B. Pichia fermentans and other environmental species are concentrated in Group D. Group E, containing Pichia anomala, may be a sibling to group F, which is represented by the Saccharomyces species complex.  相似文献   

20.
Quantifying the relative contribution of multiple isolation barriers to gene flow between recently diverged species is essential for understanding speciation processes. In parapatric populations, local adaptation is thought to be a major contributor to the evolution of reproductive isolation. However, extrinsic postzygotic barriers assessed in reciprocal transplant experiments are often neglected in empirical assessments of multiple isolation barriers. We analyzed multiple isolation barriers between two closely related species of the plant genus Dianthus, a genus characterized by the most rapid species diversification in plants reported so far. Although D. carthusianorum L. and D. sylvestris Wulf. can easily be hybridized in crossing experiments, natural hybrids are rare. We found that in parapatry, pollinator‐mediated prezygotic reproductive isolation barriers are important for both D. carthusianorum (0.761) and D. sylvestris (0.468). In contrast to D. carthusianorum, high hybrid viability in D. sylvestris (–0.491) was counteracted by strong extrinsic postzygotic isolation (0.900). Our study highlights the importance of including reciprocal transplant experiments for documenting extrinsic postzygotic isolation and demonstrates clearly divergent strategies and hence asymmetric pre‐ and postzygotic reproductive isolation between closely related species. It also suggests that pollinator‐mediated and ecological isolation could have interacted in synergistic ways, further stimulating rapid speciation in Dianthus.  相似文献   

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