应用典汇聚地应分析探讨长白山金发藓科植物的生态位分化

应用对应分析（Ｃａｎｏｎｉｃａｌ Ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｎｃｅ Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ,ＣＣＡ）对长白山主要生态系统３０个样点中的１３种金发藓科植物分布与环境因子间的关系进行了研究。发现在长白山地区,金发藓科植物在拔同度、土壤含砂量、含水量、酸度、光照条件等资源维上存在明显的生态分化现象。１３种金发藓科植物中,球蒴金发藓（Ｐｏｌｙｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｔｈｅｃｉｕｍ（Ｂｅｓｃｈ．）Ｃ．Ｍｕｌｌ、     

中国缨鱼属鱼类的分类整理及一新属描述（鲤形目：鲤科）

经整理我国缨鱼属鱼类仅有１种,原属于此属的种Ｃｒｏｓｓｃｈｅｉｌｕｓ ｂａｍａｅｎｓｉｓ Ｆａｎｇ和Ｃｒｏｓｓｏｃｈｅｉｌｕｓ ｌｉｕｃｈｅｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｉａｎｇ则归并于另一新属拟缨鱼属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｃｒｏｓｓｏｃｈｅｉｌｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,其上唇消失,吻皮与下唇相连,上颌与下唇相连以及口角须发达等特征与缨鱼属不同,同时其口角须发达,下唇两侧有纵行的颏汉以及下唇前缘具有显著的乳突状角质突起等     

华南地区羽枝藓属（平藓科）和凋叶藓属（薄齿藓科）植物研究

本文研究了华南地区羽枝藓属（Ｐｉｎｎａｔｅｌｌａ）和凋叶藓属（Ｃａｄｕｃｉｅｌｌａ）植物．简要讨论了羽枝藓属和凋叶藓属的系统位置．确认华南地区产羽枝藓属４种,即爪哇羽枝藓（Ｐ．ａｎｂｉｇｕａ）、纤细羽枝藓（Ｐ．ａｎａｃａｍｐｔｏｌｅｐｉｓ）、嵌边羽枝藓（Ｐ．ｉｎｔｒａｌｉｍｂａｔａ）和东亚羽枝藓（Ｐ．ｍａｋｉｎｏｉ）,凋叶藓２种,即广东凋叶藓（Ｃ．ｇｕａｎｇｄｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）和凋叶藓（Ｃ．ｍａｒｉｅｉ）．其中爪哇羽枝藓为广东、贵州、海南岛之新记录,纤细羽枝藓为中国大陆（广东、广西）和海南岛之新记录,东亚羽枝藓为福建、广西和海南岛之新记录,广东调叶藓为海南岛之新记录,暂将Ｐ．ａｌｏｐｅｃｕｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ处理为存疑种。本文还包括分种检索表、各种的简要识别特征、产地及生境资料．     

华南植物区系的评论（三） Ⅳ．旋花科一些种类的修订

作者编写《广东植物志》旋花科时,对据本科的花粉形态特征划分旋和属的意义予肯定,并采用之;现将其中４个属、６个分类单位的分类或其分布等予于报道。对华南和北越的心萼薯属植物作修订;论证本地区不产ＡｎｉｓｅｉａＣｈｏｉｓｙ,被认为该属的狭花心萼薯Ａ．ｓｔｅｎａｎｔａｈａ和大花心萼薯Ａ．ｓｔｅｎａｎｔｈａｖａｒ．ｍａｃｒｏｓｔｅｐｈａｎａ均是龙骨萼牵牛Ｉｐｏｍｏｅａｓｔｅｎａｎｔｈａ;心萼薯Ａｎｅｓｅｉａ     

应用排序分析藓类植物分类群分布与气候因素的关系

以我国２１个山地藓类植物区系和气象资料为基础,应用典范对应分析（ＣＣＡ）和隐趋势典范对应分析（ＤＣＣＡ）,比较了２１个山地中藓类植物６１个科,曲尾藓科（Ｄｉｃｒａｎａｃｅａｅ）２３个属、曲柄藓属（Ｃａｍｐｙｌｏｐｕｓ）１７种及曲尾藓属（Ｄｉｃｒａｎｕｍ）３５种分布与年均温度、〉１０℃积温、１月均温、７月均温、年均相对湿度、年均降雨量、年有雾天数、年有霜天数和年日照时数的关系,通过排序进行了直观的展     

中国大萼苔科一新记录属

钝叶苔属(Ｃｌａｄｏｐｏｄｉｅｌｌａ)隶属于苔类植物的大萼苔科(Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｚｉａｃｅａｅ),本属有2种:Ｃ.ｆｌｕｉｔａｎｓ(Ｎｅｅｓ)Ｓｐｒ.和Ｃ.ｆｒａｎｃｉｓｃｉ(Ｈｏｏｋ.)Ｂｕｃｈ.,广泛分布于欧洲和北美洲,其中前者在日本有记录。本属我国首次记录,仅发现1种:Ｃ.ｆｒａｎｃｉｓｃｉ(Ｈｏｏｋ.)Ｂｕｃｈ.,分布西藏。钝叶苔属ＣｌａｄｏｐｏｄｉｅｌｌａＢｕｃｈ.,Ｍｅｍ.Ｓｏｃ.Ｆ.Ｆｌ.Ｆｅｎｎｉｃａ5:87,1927.Ｔｙｐｅ:Ｃｌａｄｏｐｏｄｉｅｌｌａｆｌｕｉｔａｎｓ(Ｎｅｅｓ)Ｓｐｒ.植物体纤细,淡绿色。茎具腹面分枝,横切…     

长白山地区曲尾藓属植物生态分化的排序研究

曲尾藓属(ＤｉｃｒａｎｕｍＨｅｄｗ.)属于顶蒴藓类植物,在长白山地区主要分布于苔原、森林林下和沼泽地中[1,2]。分析曲尾藓属植物对不同生态环境的适应特点和种间生态关系,对揭示该属植物物种分化的生态学机制,有一定学术价值。排序是分析植物群落分布与环境关系的常用方法,以往人们主要是应用ＤＣＡ、ＰＣＡ等方法,因而不同种类与环境关系的解释带有较大的主观性。典范对应分析能够在同一排序图上展示植物种类与环境因子的关系,是当前最有效的排序方法,其结果的生态学解释比较客观。Ｓｌａｃｋ指出应用排序也能够研究植物种间的生态位分…     

果树根围的植物线虫种群结构调查

对莆田市九华农场同一地段的龙眼、橄榄、枇杷、葡萄等四种果树根部的植物线虫种类和群体结构进行调查,结果表明：果树类别对植物线虫种类、群体组成有一定影响。从以上四种果树的根部和根际土壤中共鉴定出Ａｐｈｅｌｅｌｅｎｃｈｏｉｄｅｓ、Ａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ、Ｃｒｉｃｏｎｅｍｏｉｄｅｓ、Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ、Ｈｅｍｉ－ｃｒｉｃｏｎｅｍｏｉｄｅｓ、Ｐａｒａｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ、Ｐｒａｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ、Ｒｏｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ、Ｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ、Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｏｒｕｓ等１０个属的植物线虫。龙眼上植物线虫有６属,其群体由２～４个属组成,优势线虫属Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｏｒｕｓ;橄榄上植物线虫有７属,其群体由１～７个属组成,优势线虫属为Ｐａｒａｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ;枇杷上植物线虫有６属,其群体由２～５个属组成,优质线虫属为Ｐａｒａｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ;葡萄上植物线虫有５属,其群体由２～５个属组成,Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ的分布频率较高,而Ｐｒａｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ的虫口密度最大。     

河南植物区系分布新记录

报道了河南植物区系种子植物４新记录属（Ａｉｎｓｌｉａｅａ,Ｈｉｅｒｏｃｈｌｏｅ,Ｅｒｅｍｏｃｈｌｏａ,Ｃａｐｉｌｉｐｅｄｉｕｍ）,１３新记录种和１新记录归化种。     

河南山黧豆属和杭子梢属订正

归并了山黧豆属１种和杭子梢属１变种。即将河南香豌豆Ｌａｔｈｙｒｕｓ ｈｅｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｓ．Ｙ．Ｗａｎｇ作为安徽山黧豆Ｌ．ａｎｈｕｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｙ．Ｊ．Ｚｈｕ ｅｔ Ｒ．Ｘ．Ｍｅｎｇ的新异名;白花杭子梢Ｃａｍｐｙｌｏｔｒｏｐｉｓ ｍａｃｒｏｃａｒｐａ（Ｂｇｅ．） Ｒｅｈｄ．ｖａｒ．ａｌｂａ Ｓ．Ｙ．Ｗａｎｇ作为杭子梢原变种Ｃ．ｍａｃｒｏｃａｒｐａ （Ｂｇｅ．）Ｒｅｅｈｄ．ｖａｒ．ｍａｃｒｏｃａｒｐａ的新异名。     

维蟋属分类研究及两新种记述（直翅目：蟋蟀科：距蟋亚科）

对维蟋属Valiatrella进行了系统研究,并记述2新种： 多突维蟋V. multiprotubera sp. nov.（雄性,云南）和片维蟋V. laminaria sp. nov.（雄性,贵州）; 同时报道中国1新记录种： 姊妹维蟋V. sororia (Gorochov, 2002)（贵州）。新种模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆。     

Genetic diversity and relationship of global faba bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia faba</Emphasis> L.) germplasm revealed by ISSR markers

Genetic diversity and relationships of 802 faba bean (Vicia faba L.) landraces and varieties from different geographical locations of China and abroad were examined using ISSR markers. A total of 212 repeatable amplified bands were generated with 11 ISSR primers, of which 209 were polymorphic. Accessions from North China showed highest genetic diversity, while accessions from central China showed low level of diversity. Chinese spring faba bean germplasm was clearly separated from Chinese winter faba bean, based on principal component analysis and UPGMA clustering analysis. Winter accessions from Zhejiang (East China), Jiangxi (East China), Sichuan (Southwest China) and Guizhou (Southwest China) were quite distinct to that from other provinces in China. Great differentiation between Chinese accessions and those from rest of the world was shown with a UPGMA dendrogram. AMOVA analyses demonstrated large variation and differentiation within and among groups of accessions from China. As a continental geographic group, accessions from Europe were genetically closer to those from North Africa. Based on ISSR data, grouping results of accessions from Asia, Europe and Africa were obviously associated with their geographical origin. The overall results indicated that the genetic relationship of faba bean germplasm was closely associated with their geographical origin and their ecological habit.     

鄂报春（Primula obconica Hance）亲缘地理学的初步研究

为了获得鄂报春（Primula obconica Hance）的种内亲缘地理学信息,对叶绿体基因组上非编码区trnL-trnF的序列变异进行了分析.获得的20个单倍型具有一定的地理分布结构.对这些单倍型进行系统发育分析,得到了三个主要分支：东部分支广泛分布于中国东南部、湖南、湖北、四川和云南;四川分支分布于四川西部;云南分支分布于云南西北部.东部分支分布面积较后两个分支大,并且在东部分支中可以发现一定的演化关系.结合古气候学和地质学信息,推测东部分支中现存的单倍型由冰期时气候变冷导致鄂报春快速迁移而形成,云南、四川分支中的单倍型可能是在各自的避难所中得以保存.同时本文也简要地探讨了鄂报春几个亚种之间的分类学关系.     

基于线粒体COI基因的桔小实蝇种群遗传分化研究

【目的】推测桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis在中国的扩散路径和新发生地区的入侵来源。【方法】本研究测序获得来自中国、泰国、日本、老挝、孟加拉国和美国等地31个种群的192头桔小实蝇个体的COI序列（1 496 bp,占COI基因全长97.3%）,并以软件DnaSP 5.0, MEGA 6.0和Arlequin 3.5等完成各种群的遗传多样性、种群间的遗传分化以及单倍型分析。【结果】所测31个桔小实蝇种群总体表现出较高水平的核苷酸多样性（0.00663）和高水平的单倍型多样性（0.98069）。以F-统计法度量种群间遗传分化程度, 结果显示中国桔小实蝇地理种群间遗传分化较弱, 中国种群与泰国、日本、老挝、孟加拉国、美国种群间的遗传分化程度不同, 中国种群与美国种群及日本种群的遗传分化最大。而Mantel检验发现,中国、泰国、日本、老挝、孟加拉国和美国种群间的遗传分化与空间距离有关（R=0.670, P<0.0001）, 中国种群间的遗传分化不是地理隔离所造成的（R=0.038, P=0.534）。中国种群与泰国、日本、老挝、孟加拉国和美国种群间不存在共享单倍型。根据种群系统发育树,可将中国原发生地区种群划分为西南、东南两大分支。中性检验和错配分析结果均表明桔小实蝇曾存在大规模的扩张。【结论】桔小实蝇以东南地区和西南地区为源头向中国内陆扩散,其中广东、福建、广西和贵州种群为中国内陆种群较为有影响力的源头。根据遗传多样性、遗传分化、单倍型分析,推测新发生地区桔小实蝇的来源, 例如安徽合肥桔小实蝇种群主要来源于福建长乐、广东珠海和上海。     

Mitochondrial DNA Distinction of Northeastern China Roe Deer, Siberian Roe Deer, and European Roe Deer, to Clarify the Taxonomic Status of Northeastern China Roe Deer

Partial sequences of the mitochondrial control region of northeastern China roe deer were analyzed to determine the degree of genetic diversity. Fourteen haplotypes were observed. The haplotype diversity was high (h = 0.872), nucleotide diversity was medium (p _i = 0.0108), and the average Tamura–Nei nucleotide distance among them was 1.9%, indicating that genetic diversity of roe deer from northeastern China was relatively high and that the effective population size was large historically. To clarify the northeastern China roe deer's taxonomic status, these 14 haplotypes were compared with 31 haplotypes published in Genbank from Europe, Siberia, and Korea. The average genetic distance between haplogroups of northeastern China and European roe deer (5.8%) was more than twice that between northeastern China and Siberian roe deer (2.7%), indicating sufficient variation to consider roe deer of northeastern China and Siberia as a single species (Capreolus pygargus), distinct from European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). This is the first presentation of mtDNA data for roe deer in northeastern China, which will be helpful in investigations of genetic diversity and clarifications of the taxonomic status of roe deer in the whole of China.     

Population genetic structure and post-establishment dispersal patterns of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in China

The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was introduced to China in the early 20(th) century. It has been spread to almost all forms of fresh water bodies including lakes, rivers and even paddyfields in most provinces of China. To clarify issues such as the initial entry point(s), dispersal pattern, genetic diversity and genetic structure of Procambarus clarkii in China, the genetic structure and diversity of P. clarkii populations at 37 sampling sites (35 from China, one from the USA and one from Japan) were analyzed using both mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and 16S rRNA) and 12 nuclear microsatellites. Multiple tests including phylogenetic analyses, Bayesian assignment and analysis of isolation by distance showed that (i) the population from Japan and those collected from China, particularly from NanJing (BGt and XG) and its some neighboring sites (CJr, NT and NB), have similar genetic composition, (ii) relatively high genetic diversity was detected in Chinese populations, (iii) the P. clarkii populations in China did not experience significant population expansions. Taken together, Nanjing, Jiangsu province is the presumed initial entry point, and human-mediated dispersal and adaptive variation are likely responsible for the observed genetic pattern of P. clarkii in China.     

Genetic relationships among fruiting-mei (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) cultivars evaluated with AFLP and SNP markers.

Genetic relationships among 50 fruiting-mei (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) cultivars from China and Japan were investigated, using 767 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and 103 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The polymorphism among the cultivars was found to be 69.77%, based on EcoR I + Mse I AFLP primer pairs. The sequence alignment of 11 group sequences, derived from 50 samples, yielded 103 SNPs; the total length of genomic sequences was 3683 bp. Among these SNPs, 73 were heterozygous in the loci of different cultivars. The SNP distribution was 58% transition, 40% transversion, and 2% InDels. There was also 1 trinucleotide deletion. AFLP and SNP markers allowed us to evaluate the genetic diversity of these 50 fruiting-mei cultivars. The 2 derived cladograms did display some differences: all cultivars formed 2 subclusters (1A and 1B) in the cladogram based on AFLP polymorphisms, and formed 3 subclusters (2A, 2B, and 2C) in the cladogram based on SNP polymorphisms; and, in the cladogram based on AFLP polymorphisms, most cultivars from the Guangdong to Fujian provinces (G-F) in China, from the Yunnan, Hunan, and Sichuan provinces (Y-S-H) in China, and from Japan grouped in cluster 1A, and 18 (78.26%) of 23 cultivars from Jiangsu to Zhejiang provinces in China (J-Z) grouped in cluster 1B. The results demonstrate that mei cultivars from Japan are clustered with cultivars from China, and support the hypothesis that mei in Japan were introduced from China. Cultivars from the J-Z region of China have more genetic similarities. Cultivars from the G-F and Y-S-H regions have fewer genetic similarities and suggest more germplasm exchanges in the past.     

基于微卫星标记对中国Q型烟粉虱早期入侵种群与B型烟粉虱种群的遗传结构分析（英文）

2003年首次在云南昆明发现Q型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)传入中国。随后几年时间内, 它在许多省份逐年取代了B型烟粉虱种群。2008年后,Q型烟粉虱基本上成为了中国多数省份农区的优势生物型。为了进一步揭示Q型烟粉虱在中国快速扩散以及取代B型烟粉虱的遗传学基础, 本研究利用11个微卫星位点分析并比较了2003年中国云南昆明Q型烟粉虱入侵种群及其他地点的11个B型入侵种群, 西班牙2个Q型土著种群, 以色列1个Q型入侵种群, 以色列1个B型土著种群, 以及西班牙、 美国与澳大利亚的5个B型入侵种群的遗传结构。结果表明, 中国Q型烟粉虱早期种群（云南昆明种群）可能来自于西部地中海地区。中国B型烟粉虱种群遗传多样性高于西班牙、 澳大利亚、 美国B型种群, 中国B型可能存在多次传入或某个混合种群的再次传入。相对于原产地种群, 中国Q型烟粉虱早期入侵种群与B型烟粉虱种群遗传多样性并没有明显降低, 表明Q型与B型烟粉虱种群可能经历了较小的瓶颈效应或奠基者效应。中国Q型烟粉虱早期入侵种群遗传多样性高于B型烟粉虱种群, Q型烟粉虱这种较高的遗传多样性可能为其较强的生态适应性提供了遗传基础, 有利于Q型烟粉虱在新的环境下快速扩散并取代B型烟粉虱。     

中国与欧洲晚中新世猪类比较研究:生物地层学及古生态学

猪类对比研究表明,从晚中新世初期到晚中新世末(或上新世初期),中国与欧洲的古气候、古环境和猪类演化都受到了全球性自然变化的影响,有着相同或相似的发展经历。晚中新世早期(early Vallesian(MN9))中国与欧洲的猪类显示它们均受到先前来自南亚猪类的影响,南亚猪类可能通过东南亚扩散到中国南方,通过西亚扩散到欧洲。晚中新世中期(lateVallesian(MN10)and early Turolian(MN11)),中国和欧洲的猪类与南亚已基本没有交流,在各自地区相对独立地演化发展。晚中新世晚期(late Turolian(MN12、MN13))中国北方除了保留有从南方迁移来的种类外,欧洲的猪类也已出现,此时中国(北方)动物群与欧洲动物群关系较为密切。南亚动物群在晚中新世早期(或者更早些)似乎已经和中国及欧洲的动物群分离。受青藏高原隆升等自然因素的影响,晚中新世中后期中国南方的古环境有一个从较为封闭、湿热的森林类型向相对开阔、干冷稀树草原类型的演变过程,而在此期间北方的自然环境则可能是从早期的半干旱疏林草原逐步发展到晚中新世末期的湿润林地。晚中新世欧洲自然环境有一个与中国南方相似的变化过程,比较而言,晚中新世中后期欧洲的环境可能比中国北方更为开阔和干冷。古气候和古环境变化是影响晚中新世猪类分布演化的决定性因素。