珍稀两栖动物——棘腹蛙及其保护

棘腹蛙是我国大型经济蛙类,近年,由于该蛙栖息地遭到严重破坏,及人类的大肆捕杀等因素,造成棘腹蛙种群数量严重下降,已被IUCN列为易危种.     

双团棘胸蛙与棘腹蛙酯酶同工酶的比较研究

采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对六盘水境内的双团棘胸蛙Paa yunnanensis与棘腹蛙P.boulengeri的肝、肠、胃、肺等4种组织中的酯酶(EST)同工酶进行了研究.结果 显示:两种蛙酯酶同工酶共有10条带,其中双团棘胸蛙EST同工酶有9条带,棘腹蛙EST同工酶有7条带,两种蛙EST同工酶存在较大的种间差异,同种蛙不同组织的酯酶(EST)同工酶迁移率、表达强度也不同.双团棘胸蛙酯酶同工酶酶谱较棘腹蛙的复杂.     

不同开口饵料对棘腹蛙幼蛙生长和存活的影响

用摇蚊Chironomidae midges幼虫、水蚯蚓Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri、蝇蛆Musca demestica、人工饵料作为棘腹蛙幼蛙的开口饵料饲养棘腹蛙幼蛙28 d,观察这些饵料对棘腹蛙幼蛙生长、存活情况的影响.结果表明,人工饵料组幼蛙生长速度最慢,存活率也最低(61.88%);摇蚊幼虫组的存活率最高(79.38%),生长最快,是棘腹蛙幼蛙适宜的开口饵料.     

棘腹蛙生物学特性及资源保护研究进展

棘腹蛙(Quasipaaboulengeri)是无尾目(Anura)叉舌蛙科(Dicroglossidae)棘胸蛙属的两栖动物。因其以农业和森林害虫为食且对生存环境要求高的特点,故有保护和监测环境的生态功能。但由于生态环境恶化和过度捕捉等原因,造成野生棘腹蛙数量急剧下降,被《中国脊椎动物红色名录》列为易危种。本文从棘腹蛙的习性、生存环境特征、系统进化、人工养殖和资源保护等方面进行了综述,为进一步研究棘腹蛙提供基础资料和理论依据。     

棘腹蛙肌肉嫩度及营养成分的初步分析

本文对棘腹蛙与牛蛙的肌肉嫩度作了比较,并测定了棘腹蛙肌肉的营养成分,且与甲鱼和田鸡的相应成分作了对照分析。结果表明,棘腹蛙肉质细嫩、营养价值高、风味较好,具有开发养殖前景。     

闽西北棘胸蛙生态调查及人工试养观察

棘胸蛙(Rana spinosa)在贵州、湖北、江苏、浙江、安徽、湖南、福建、广东、广西、江西等省均有分布,数量也多。棘胸蛙体大肉鲜,有较高的食用和药用价值。布尔恩格尔(Boulenger)曾于1892年、1899年先后曾记载在湖北、浙江、福建发现有棘腹蛙,1920年他又改定为棘胸蛙。丁汉波(1944—1956)在研究福建的两栖动物时曾对棘胸蛙有过报道,但目前国内对棘胸蛙系统的生态等方面的研究尚未很好地开展。刘承钊等(1961)曾建议设法在池塘中试养,而国内至今未见人工养殖棘胸蛙的报道。     

Paa bourreti的有效性及其在中国的新纪录

用线粒体12S和16S基因序列对双团棘胸蛙Paa yunnanensis的8个种群和越南的Paa bourreti进行分子系统发育分析,结果表明,双团棘胸蛙景东种群与Paa bourreti聚为一支,而其他7个种群聚为一支;以上两支问的遗传分化水平已经达到种级.此外,形态比较结果表明景东地区标本与双团棘胸蛙形态特征不同而与P.bourreti基本一致.因此,支持P.bourreti为有效种,双团棘胸蛙景东种群应为P.bourreti,为中国新纪录;推测其在云南南部其他区域也有分布.根据云南景东的标本,本文对P.bourreti进行了形态补充描述.     

鄂西棘腹蛙的生活习性及其食性的初步研究

棘腹蛙为山区流溪型种类,广食性,成蛙以捕食昆虫等动物性食物为主,蝌蚪主要摄食藻类等植物食物。棘腹蛙有显著消灭为害森林的动物(昆虫),其有益系数为68.31％。     

棘腹蛙(Rana boulengeri Günther)早期胚胎发育与分期的研究

本文研究了湘西地区棘腹蛙（Ｒ．ｂｏｕｌｅｎｇｅｒｉＧ．）的早期胚胎发育与分期．用人工诱导排卵、人工授精的方法获得受精卵,在控制水温为（２３±０．５）℃下发育,棘腹蛙的胚胎发育从人工授精开始到蝌蚪的鳃盖完全闭合需要２６１ｈ;以胚胎形态变化和主要生理特征的出现为基础,该蛙早期胚胎发育可分为２５个时期．棘腹蛙发育过程中的形态特征和其它无尾两栖类相似,但在某些方面也呈现出与适应山地溪流环境有关的一些特点．     

棘复蛙肌肉营养成份与能量含量

我们在棘腹蛙能流模型及人工繁殖技术研究中,对其营养成份及含肉率进行了初步研究。 材料 棘腹蛙幼娃和成蛙,均来自湘西的溪流中。 方法 1.将12只活蛙擦干称重后处死,除去皮肤与内脏,然后分成头、躯干、前肢和后肢等部分,并除去非肌肉质后称重,得各部分的肌肉含量。2.用索氏提取法测定脂肪含量,用微量凯氏定氮法测定蛋白质含量。3.用日立835—50型氨基酸分析仪测定肌肉蛋白质的各种氨基酸含量。4.用GR3500-B1微电脑热量计测定肌肉的能量含量。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.