基于腰椎类型的腰椎间盘突出症患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态的X线测量研究

目的:基于腰椎曲线类型研究腰椎间盘突出(Lumbar disc herniation,LDH)病人脊柱骨盆矢状序列参数的特点。方法:回顾我院2009年1月年至2014年11月收治的相邻节段健康的LDH病人166例,与141例健康志愿者对照。按照腰椎类型分为4型,LDH按照严重程度分为腰4-5(A)组,腰5-骶1(B)组,腰4-5和腰5-骶1(C)组,三节段以上(D)组。应用图形分析软件进行参数测量,在站立位全长脊柱侧位X线片上测量参数包括:骨盆投射角(Pelvic incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(Pelvic tilt,PT)和骶骨倾斜角(Sacral slope,SS),胸椎后凸角(Thoracic Kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(Lumbar lordosis,LL)、上半圆(UP arc)、下半圆(Low arc)、矢状面垂直轴(Sagittal vertical axis SVA),对上述指标统计分析。结果:LDH组与对照组相比PI、PT和TK增大,SVA向前移位,SS、LL和Up arc减低具有显著统计学差异。LDH组各参数Pearson相关性分析示PI~PT,PI~SS和SS~LL高度相关。LDH病例4组间参数单因素方差分析无统计学意义,SS、LL和TK随着突出节段的增加而减小;A组与对照组比较PI和PT差异显著。1型和2型与相对应的对照组比较,各参数差异显著。结论:相邻节段健康的LDH病人具有大的PI和PT,小的LL和SS,SVA向前倾斜,随着病变节段的增加LL,SS和TK减小;脊柱-骨盆协调平衡的能力受腰椎类型影响。     

退变性腰椎滑脱患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数及小关节的研究

目的:探讨退变性腰椎滑脱患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数和腰椎小关节的特点,分析退变性滑脱的发生发展机制。方法:从2014年1月份到2015年12月份,于我科收集L4-5节段退变性腰椎滑脱的患者,作为DS组,共46例患者。根据年龄和性别匹配原则,纳入46例L4-5节段椎管狭窄的患者,作为DSS组。通过影像学资料测量评估两组病例的如下参数:PI、PT、SS、LL、TK、SVA、小关节方向、小关节不对称性、小关节退变分级和滑脱程度。比较两组患者参数的差异。对退变性腰椎滑脱患者小关节方向与其他参数进行相关性分析,并根据小关节方向不同将滑脱患者,分为小关节矢状化程度重的A组和矢状化轻度相对较轻的B组。对比分析两组病例相关参数的差异。结果:DS组小关节退变分级高于DSS组(P=0.045)。DS组PI和PT大于DSS组(P0.001),小关节角度小于DSS组(P=0.004),两组小关节不对称程度没有统计学差异(P=0.483)。DS组小关节方向与PI、LL、PT、滑脱程度和小关节退变程度呈现显著负相关(P0.05)。A组小关节退变分级高于B组(P=0.037),PI、PT和滑脱程度均显著大于B组(P0.05)。结论:退变性腰椎滑脱患者小关节矢状化程度和退变较重,PI较大,大PI和小关节矢状化是退变性腰椎滑脱发生发展的重要因素。     

L4-5单节段TLIF单侧或者双侧小关节突切除术后临床疗效及影像学参数的分析

目的:分析L4-5单节段TLIF单侧或者双侧小关节突切除术后患者临床疗效和影像学参数的改变。方法:收集2009年1月份到2012年12月份于我院行L4-5单节段TLIF融合手术且随访时间大于24个月的患者。根据小关节切除的情况分为单侧切除组(单侧组)和双侧切除组(双侧组),分别有42例和34例患者。两组患者分别在术前和随访时测量如下影像学参数:骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、腰椎前凸角(LL)和节段前凸角(SL),比较术前和随访时的变化。通过术前和随访时视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估两组患者临床疗效。结果:患者平均随访时间为36.5±13.5个月。两组患者手术时间没有统计学差异(P=0.110),双侧组术中出血量(311±89.3 mL)大于单侧组(263±69.7 mL)(P0.05),术中并发症没有统计学差异(P=0.685)。两组患者随访时LL和SL均大于术前,PT小于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。PI均没有明显变化。双侧组术后PT小于单侧组(P0.001)。两组患者随访时△LL、△SL、△PI和△SS均没有差异(P0.05),但是双侧组△PT大于单侧组(P0.001)。两组患者随访时VAS和ODI均较术前明显减小(P0.05)。双侧组随访时VAS和ODI均小于单侧组(P0.05)。结论:双侧小关节切除并不能比单侧切除提高更多LL和SL,但是比单侧小关节切除临床疗效好。     

脊柱矫形手术在改善成人脊柱畸形患者站立平衡中的作用

为了探讨脊柱矫形手术在改善成人脊柱畸形患者站立平衡中的作用,2011年1月至2016年3月,本研究选择了68例成人脊柱畸形患者作为研究对象,所有患者均采用后路脊柱融合术治疗。通过测量患者手术前后的冠状面(Cobb角,冠状面垂直轴和躯干偏移)和矢状面平衡参数(C7SVA,胸椎后凸,重力线,骨盆倾斜,骨盆入射角和骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角),并考察患者的脊柱侧凸研究学会患者问卷(SRS22)和Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI)评分,本研究发现术后2年随访时患者的Cobb角和躯干偏移显著小于术前(p0.05),然而冠状面垂直轴在手术前后无显著差异(p0.05)。术后2年随访时的C7SVA、重力线、骨盆倾斜、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角显著小于术前(p0.05),然而,胸椎后凸和骨盆入射角在手术前后无显著变化(p0.05)。术后2年随访时的SRS22量表总均分(4.0±0.6)显著高于术前(3.3±0.7)。并且,除了心理健康在手术前后无显著差异之外,SRS22评分的其他4个维度(疼痛,功能,自我形象和满意度)在术后2年随访时均显著升高(p0.05)。患者术后2年随访时的ODI评分(32.0±9.8)%显著低于术前(60.5±11.4)%,差异有统计学意义(t=7.868,p=0.001)。患者术后2年随访时的ODI评分(13.28±1.21)显著高于术前(7.65±0.81),差异有统计学意义(t=11.225,p=0.001)。后路脊柱融合术可显著改善成人脊柱畸形患者的冠状面平衡和矢状面平衡,并降低患者的疼痛程度、改善患者的脊柱功能和神经功能。     

TK1与LDH联合检测对非霍奇金淋巴瘤鉴别诊断及疗效评估的作用

目的:探讨联合检测血清胸苷激酶1(TK1)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平在非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者鉴别诊断及疗效监测中的临床意义。方法:收集2016年1月至2018年6月我院诊治的111例非霍奇金淋巴瘤的初诊患者血清标本,并选择50例正常人血清标本作为对照,采用免疫印迹增强发光法检测TK1浓度,比色法检测LDH浓度。所有患者随访至少1年,分析和比较惰性NHL与侵袭性NHL及各自四类分期之间血清TK1和LDH水平的差异,化疗后完全缓解、部分缓解与未缓解组LDH水平以及NHL患者中血清TK1和LDH的阳性率。结果:高度侵袭性NHL患者和侵袭性NHL患者血清TKI和LDH水平与惰性NHL患者相比显著增高(P0.05),但惰性NHL患者血清TK1和LDH水平与正常组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ期侵袭性NHL患者血清TK1和LDH水平与Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者相比显著增高(P0.05)。与化疗前相比,四次化疗后,完全缓解组NHL患者血清LDH水平下降21.05%,部分缓解组为16.66%,病情稳定组血清LDH水平升高至11.54%,三组NHL患者血清LDH水平比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.008),两组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:联合检测血清TK1和LDH水平对于NHL患者的鉴别诊断、疗效评估均具有重要参考价值。     

GDP与ICE 方案对淋巴瘤患者血清LDH、TK1、CEA 及CA199水平的影响

目的:观察和比较GDP与ICE方案对淋巴瘤患者血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、胸苷激酶1(TK1)、癌胚抗原(CEA)及糖类抗原199(CA199)水平的影响。方法:选取我院收治的淋巴瘤患者76例,随机分为GDP组(39例)与ICE组(37例),分别采用吉西他滨联合顺铂及地塞米松方案和异环磷酰胺联合顺铂及美司那静滴方案治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清LDH、TK1、CEA及CA199水平的变化情况。结果:治疗后,GDP组与ICE组的总有效率分别为65.4%和58.7%,GDP组有效率高于ICE组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者血清LDH、TK1、CEA及CA199水平均较治疗前降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且GDP组患者的血清LDH、TK1、CEA及CA199水平均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:GDP方案治疗淋巴瘤的疗效与ICE方案相当,但其能够明显降低患者血清LDH、TK1、CEA及CA199水平。     

TK1在肺癌患者血清中的表达水平及其与肿瘤临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的:探讨肺癌患者血清胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶1(TK1)与肿瘤临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:选择2012年1月-2014年1月在我院接受治疗的肺癌患者79例作为研究对象,另选择同期在我院接受健康体检的志愿者53例作为对照组。采用化学发光法检测两组研究对象血清中TK1的表达情况,并分析TK1表达与肿瘤临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果:TK1在肺癌患者血清中的阳性表达率(56.96%)显著高于健康对照组(16.98%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。肿瘤分期为晚期的患者血清中TK1的阳性表达率高于肿瘤分期为早期的肺癌患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);肿瘤远处转移的患者血清中TK1的阳性表达率高于未发生远处转移的患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。TK1在性别、抽烟史、淋巴结转移及病理类型不同患者血清中的阳性表达率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TK1阳性患者两年生存率(42.22%)低于TK1阴性患者(64.71%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:肺癌患者血清中TK1呈高表达,其表达水平与肿瘤远处转移、TMN分期及预后有关。     

388例非淋菌性尿道炎患者Uu、CT感染情况分析

目的了解延安市非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)患者解脲支原体(Uu)和沙眼衣原体(CT)感染状况及其特点。方法采用实时荧光聚合酶链式反应技术(FQ-PCR)对388例临床确诊的NGU患者的泌尿生殖道分泌物同时作Uu DNA和CT DNA检测。结果 388例NGU患者阳性检出率为62.11%,其中Uu、CT和混合感染的阳性检出率分别为23.20%、21.13%和17.78%。不同性别在不同病原体感染中有所差异,总体上女性感染率高于男性,但差异无显著性(P0.05);Uu单一感染中,女性感染率远高于男性,差异有极显著性(P0.01);CT单一感染中,男性感染率高于女性,差异有极显著性(P0.01);不同年龄感染情况显示,感染者主要集中在21~40岁年龄段,其中31~40岁年龄段阳性病例数最多。结论本地区NGU患者Uu的感染率稍高于CT,女性在性活跃期感染率较高。     

椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的临床研究

目的:研究椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的疗效。方法:选择2012年1月至2014年1月我院收治的120例老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者,均使用Sky骨扩张系统经皮穿刺行椎体成型术治疗,74例患者取俯卧位设为俯卧位组,46例患者取侧卧位设为侧卧位组,比较两组患者术前及术后3 d、3个月时椎体高度、后凸畸形角(Cobb角)及视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS评分)。结果:术前两组患者椎体高度比较差异具有统计学意义(F=4.231,P=0.042),术后3d及3个月两组患者椎体高度较术前明显增高,比较差异具有统计学意义(F=4.03,P=0.047)。术前两组患者Cobb角变化比较差异无统计学意义(F=3.042,P=0.072),术后3 d及3个月两组患者Cobb角均值较术前明显降低,比较差异具有统计学意义(F=9.86,P=0.021)。术前两组患者VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(F=2.035,P=0.089),术后3 d及3个月两组患者VAS评分较术前明显降低,比较差异具有统计学意义(F=12.86,P=0.005)。结论:使用椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折疗效显著,可有效恢复椎体高度及Cobb角度,并可迅速缓解其疼痛症状。     

兰州地区人群的牙周健康状况和牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染情况分析

目的了解兰州地区人群的牙周健康状况,检测牙周健康者及牙周疾病患者口腔唾液中牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg)的阳性率,为兰州地区人群防治牙周疾病提供科学依据。方法收集942例唾液标本,采用常规厌氧培养法,挑取产黑色素菌落进行革兰染色与生化鉴定。结果兰州地区人群牙周疾病患病率为78.45%,男女性别间差异无统计学意义(P=0.655);农村人群(53.45%)高于城市人群(46.55%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.029);各年龄段差异有显著的统计学意义(P=0.001),随年龄增长患病率呈增长趋势。兰州地区人群唾液中Pg总阳性率为71.23%,牙周疾病组(82.22%)显著高于牙周健康组(27.57%),差异有显著的统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论兰州地区人群牙周健康状况与生活环境、年龄、性别有关;在不同的牙周健康状况人群中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的分布不同。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan