多镜联合治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的技术优势

目的探讨十二指肠镜、胆道镜、腹腔镜等多镜联合治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的技术优势。方法采用腹腔镜胆总管探查术+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LCBDE+LC)和内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术+内窥镜下括约肌切开取石术+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(ERCP+EST+LC)两种术式治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石患者。结果有两组病例,其中LCBDE+LC组36例,本组术后胆道残余结石2例,后经T管窦道行胆道镜取石治愈。ERCP+EST+LC组54例,本组术后并发一过性高淀粉酶血症3例,发生急性轻型胰腺炎2例。结论多镜联合治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石具有创伤小、效果好、并发症少、恢复快的优点,多镜联合发挥出其独特技术优势,避免了因接受传统开腹手术而造成较大创伤的不合理治疗模式。     

三镜联合手术方案治疗胆道结石患者的临床疗效及预后情况分析

目的:研究三镜联合手术方案治疗肝外胆道结石患者的临床疗效及预后情况分析。方法:选择从1999年5月至2014年5月在我院接受治疗的肝外胆道结石患者300例进行回顾性分析。所有患者均接受三镜联合手术方案治疗,290例患者成功接受手术,其中先行经内镜十二指肠乳头造影/切开术(ERCP/EST),然后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)(先ERCP/EST后LC组)103例,先行LC,然后行ERCP/EST(先LC后ERCP/EST组)73例,同时行LC和ERCP/EST(LC与ERCP/EST同时组)114例。分析患者整体手术情况,对比各组手术相关指标、结石取出情况及并发症。结果:300例患者中,10例因结石过大、缩窄乳头炎、出血及怀疑胆囊癌因素中转开腹。三组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间与住院费用指标相比,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),成功取出结石率及并发症发生率三组相比,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:通过不同手术顺序的三镜联合手术方案治疗肝外胆道结石,临床疗效及患者的预后情况均较好,值得在临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创手术与开腹手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管 结石的疗效比较

目的:比较分析腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创手术与开腹手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法:将2009年10月-2011年5月因胆囊结石合并胆总管结石行手术治疗的100例患者,分为微创手术组和开腹手术组,分析比较微创手术组与开腹手术组之间患者的手术时间、术后通气所需时间与镇痛药使用情况、住院时间与完全康复时间。结果:与开腹组相比:微创组患者的手术时间之间无明显差异;但微创组术后通气时间。住院时间与完全康复时间、镇痛药的使用率均明显短于或低于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论:对合适的患者,腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创手术入路治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石能够获得良好的效果,值得借鉴。     

腹腔镜和胆道镜及十二指肠镜联合治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜和胆道镜及十二指肠镜联合治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎(AOSC)的临床效果。方法:选取2007年3月~2014年3月我院收治的100例AOSC患者,根据手术方法的不同与患者的意愿分为研究组50例与对照组50例,研究组采用腹腔镜和胆道镜及十二指肠镜联合治疗,对照组采用开腹胆囊切除及胆道探查术。观察两组的生化指标、术后并发症、切口感染率、术后残石率。结果:研究组白细胞计数(WBC)、血直接胆红素(DBIL)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)明显低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组术后并发症、切口感染明显少于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后1年残石比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜和胆道镜及十二指肠镜联合治疗AOSC患者具有创伤小、愈合恢复快、并发症发生率低、预后好等优点。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜与小切口微创保胆手术治疗胆囊结石的对照研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜与小切口微创保胆手术治疗胆囊结石的疗效。方法:选择2013年1月-2013年10月我院胆囊结石患者80例为研究对象,其中采用腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗40例设为腹腔镜组,采用小切口微创保胆手术40例设为小切口组,比较2组术中、术后恢复情况。结果:腹腔镜组切口小、术中出血量少、术后胃肠功能恢复快、疼痛轻、术后住院时间短,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜下保胆取石术具有伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,临床应优先于小切口手术使用。     

胆石患者术后胆盐转运子BSEP、MRP2、NTCP的水平变化及意义

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创手术对胆囊结石患者胆盐转运因子胆盐输出泵(BSEP)、多重耐药蛋白2(MRP2)和牛黄胆酸钠转运蛋白(NTCP)水平的影响。方法:选取我院普外科收治的胆囊结石患者20例排除手术和麻醉禁忌症,予腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创手术治疗。治疗结束后,对比治疗前后患者BSEP、MRP2、NTCP水平变化。结果:1治疗后患者肝脏组织中BSEP、MRP2水平明显比治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2治疗后患者肝组织中NTCP水平与治疗前水平无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石能升高患者胆盐转运因子BSEP、MRP2水平,提高患者术后对胆盐的转运和胆汁酸的代谢,降低胆囊结石复发率,对临床具有指导意义,值得临床推广。     

胆道镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆总管结石的疗效及预后

目的:观察胆道镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效以及预后情况,探讨胆道镜联合腹腔镜在胆总管结石治疗中的意义。方法:选择我院收治的胆总管结石患者共106例,根据手术方案分为两组,其中实验组共53例,采取胆道镜联合腹腔镜手术治疗;对照组共53例,给予腹腔镜手术治疗,记录两组的手术相关情况、术后并发症以及住院情况,应用统计学软件对两组数据进行分析。结果:1实验组的手术时间短于对照组,术中出血少于对照组,术后胃肠功能恢复正常时间短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);2实验组住院时间与住院费用均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);3实验组术后并发症发生率为18.87%,显著低于对照组(35.85%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胆道镜联合腹腔镜能够安全有效的治疗胆总管结石。     

腹腔镜联合硬质胆道镜治疗复发性肝胆管结石的临床应用

目的:观察腹腔镜联合硬质胆道镜治疗复发性肝胆管结石的临床应用。方法:选取2013年1月-2014年1月期间在广州医科大学附属第一医院治疗的复发性肝胆管结石患者64例,随机分为研究组和对照组,研究组患者给予腹腔镜联合硬质胆道镜治疗,对照组患者采取开腹治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床效果。结果:研究组患者手术出血量、手术时间、肛门排气时间、术后胆红素恢复时间、平均住院时间和抗生素应用时间均少于或短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);研究组患者术后发生感染、胆漏、出血、结石残余与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);研究组患者术后疼痛3例显著高于对照组的15例(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜联合硬质胆道镜治疗复发性肝胆管结石对患者损伤小、手术过程中出血量少、结石取出率高、残留可能性小、结石复发率低、术后恢复快、并发症发生率低,其可行性和安全性高,适应范围广,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜下胆道镜经胆囊管行胆道探查取石术的临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜下胆道镜经胆囊管行胆道探查取石术（LTCBDE）的可行性以及安全性。方法：124 例胆囊合并胆总管结石 患者,根据手术方式分为LTCBDE 组和腹腔镜胆总管切开取石T管引流术（LCTD组）,各62 例,比较两组的手术情况、疗效及安 全性。结果：LTCBDE 的手术时间、术后引流时间、肛门排气时间、术后住院时间及补液量较LCTD 组显著减少（P<0.05）;LTCBDE 组并发症发生率及复发率分别为3.23%、1.61%,显著低于LCTD 组的20.97%、11.29%（P<0.05）。结论：LTCBDE 创伤小、患者痛 苦少、术后恢复快、并发症少且复发率低,是治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的一种安全可行的微创治疗手段,值得在临床中推广 应用。     

微创式治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石的临床研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜与十二指肠镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床应用价值。方法：74例胆囊结合并胆总管结石患者随机分为EST＋LC组（44例）和OC＋OCHTD组（30例）,其中EST＋LC组行十二指肠镜Oddi括约肌切开术（EST）加腹腔镜下胆囊切除术（LC）,OC＋OCHTD组行开腹胆囊切除术（OC）加胆总管切开取石T管引流术（OCHTD）,比较两组手术过程、术后恢复、并发症情况等。结果：①EST＋LC组手术时间长于OC＋OCHTD组,切口长度与术中出血量少于OC＋OCHTD组（P〈0.01或0.05）。②EST＋LC组手术成功率90.91%,取石成功率100%,OC＋OCHTD组手术成功率100%,取石成功率93.33%,两组间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。③EST＋LC组镇痛药使用率低于OC＋OCHTD组,术后引流时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间和平均住院时间短于OC＋OCHTD组（P〈0.01或0.05）。④EST＋LC组与OC＋OCHTD组均并发症少,无结石复发。结论：十二指肠镜Oddi括约肌切开术联合加腹腔镜下胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石和胆总管结石具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少、住院时间短等优势,值得进一步临床推广。     

胆囊结石合并胆总管结石现代外科治疗方式探析

：胆石症在消化外科发生率较高,我国发病率约为7％-10％。胆石症以胆囊结石为主,部分可合并胆总管结石。胆石症的既往 主要治疗方式是开腹胆囊切除+胆总管探查+T 管引流术（OC+OCH+TD)。但近年来随着微创外科的不断发展,其治疗模式已有 长足的进步。我国目前用于治疗胆石症尤其是胆囊结石合并胆总管内结石的微创治疗模式包括2 种：阶梯治疗方案：内镜逆行胰 胆管造影(ERCP)／内镜下括约肌切开取石术(EST)+ 二期腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),即ERCP／EST+LC;同期治疗方案：LC+ 腹腔 镜胆总管探查术(LCBDE),即LC+LCBDE。本文通过探析两种治疗方案的适应症、禁忌症和并发症,为临床在胆囊结石合并胆总 管结石治疗方法的选择上提供依据。     

A novel method for establishment and characterization of extrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells from mice

Culture of extrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells is a useful model to investigate physiology of extrahepatic bile duct epithelia and hepatobiliary disease mechanisms. The aim of this work was to establish and characterize a primary murine extrahepatic bile duct epithelial cell culture. Epithelial cells were isolated from extrahepatic bile ducts of BALB/c mice that were intraperitoneally injected with newborn bovine serum to induce the proliferation of extrahepatic bile ducts’ epithelial cells and cultured on rat tail type I collagen-coated plastic culture flask containing DMEM/HamF12 with 10% FBS and 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor at 37°C in an incubator with 5% humidified CO₂. The cells showed typical morphologic characteristics of epithelial phenotypes with cobblestone appearance in monolayer within 5–6 d after culture; they were positive against anticytokeratin-19 immunostaining. Transmission electron microscopy showed typical bile duct epithelia with microvilli on the cytomembrance, Golgi complex, massive mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasmic. The growth curve of the epithelial cells was determined by a MTT assay which showed a normal sigmoidal growth curve. This culture technique might be a reliable method for isolation, purification, and primary culture of extrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells that can serve as a model for in vitro studies on the pathophysiology of hepatobiliary diseases as well as pharmacological and toxicological targets relevant to hepatobiliary diseases.     

Prospective randomised study of preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy versus surgery alone for common bile duct stones.

One hundred and twenty patients with known common bile duct stones were entered into a prospective randomised study of preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone clearance (group 1) versus surgery alone (group 2). Five patients were incorrectly entered; the 55 patients randomised to group 1 and the 60 randomised to group 2 were well matched with respect to clinical features and biochemical and medical risk factors. In group 1 endoscopic stone clearance was successful in 50 patients (91%); five of these patients refused elective surgery, though this was subsequently necessary in one. In group 2 common bile duct stones were cleared surgically in 54 of 59 patients (91.5%); one patient was treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy alone because of a myocardial infarct. The overall major complication rate in group 1 was 16.4% and included two deaths; in group 2 this was 8.5% and included one death. The minor complication rate in group 1 was 16.4% and that in group 2 13.6%. These differences in outcome were not significant. Despite a significant reduction in total hospital stay of patients in group 1, these results do not support the routine use of preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients having biliary surgery for stones in the common bile duct.     

一步法腹腔镜胆囊切术联合胆总管探查取石术在慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石治疗中的有效性及安全性探究

摘要 目的：探究一步法腹腔镜胆囊切术（LC）联合胆总管探查取石术（LCBDE）在慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石治疗中的有效性及安全性。方法：纳入2018年6月至2021年9月行一步法LC+LCBDE治疗的慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者49例（观察组）,并以行开腹胆囊切除术+胆总管切开取石治疗的慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者43例为对照组,比较两组手术疗效及手术相关指标;观察患者手术前后肝功能指标、胆红素水平及免疫功能变化,并统计患者术后并发症发生情况。结果：观察组及对照组手术成功率均为100%,两组对比无明显差异（P>0.05）;观察组手术时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门恢复排气时间及住院时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组术后丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）及总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、间接胆红素（IBIL）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组术后7 d的免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）水平均高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：一步法LC+LCBDE治疗慢性胆囊炎胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的成功率高,可促进术后胃肠功能及肝功能恢复,提高机体免疫力,并能降低术后并发症发生率。     

General surgery: biliary surgery.

The management of biliary tract disease has changed completely as a result of minimally invasive treatment. For most patients with gallstones that cause symptoms a laparoscopic cholecystectomy will treat the condition with minimal morbidity and a short recovery period. If complications are encountered, conversion to a mini-cholecystectomy gives results that are nearly as good. Acute cholecystitis can be treated by percutaneous drainage followed either by percutaneous cholecystolithotomy or a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gallstones in the bile duct are best treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy with duct clearance. The day of the large cholecystectomy scar with its subsequent incisional hernia has gone.     

A case report of an ampullary tumor presenting with spontaneous perforation of an aberrant bile duct and treated with totally laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: This case report discusses a patient who presented with bile peritonitis due to spontaneous perforation of an aberrant bile duct that originated in the triangular ligament of the liver. It was associated with an ampullary tumor and treated with total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (TLPD). Case report A 58-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department of Medical Park Gaziantep Hospital in September 2009 with acute abdominal findings. He underwent an urgent laparoscopy, and, interestingly, bile peritonitis due to the rupture of an aberrant bile duct in the triangular ligament was noted. After laparoscopic treatment of the acute conditions, the follow-up examinations of the patient showed the finding of obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography revealed a 1-cm polypoid mass located at the ampulla of Vater (duodenal papilla) with possible extension to the ampullary sphincter. A stent was inserted for temporary biliary drainage, and subsequent endoscopic biopsy showed the pathological finding of adenocarcinoma. After waiting for a 1-month period for the peritonitis to heal, the patient underwent pyloruspreserving TLPD and was discharged without any major complications on postoperative day 7. CONCLUSION: In patients with bile peritonitis, it should be considered that the localization of the perforation may be in an aberrant bile duct localized at the triangular ligament and the etiology may be associated with an obstructing periampullary tumor. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is a feasible operative procedure in carefully selected patients. This technique can achieve adequate margins and follows oncological principles. Randomized comparative studies are needed to establish the superiority of minimally invasive surgery over traditional open surgery.