首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
北京东灵山辽东栎群落DNA多样性的研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
在同工酶研究基础上,利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)及DNA扩增指纹(DAF)方法,从生态学观点分析了北京东灵山区辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis Koddz.)种群的遗传和多样性。对12个引物扩增产生的205个产物(部分)经,Shannon信息指数分析,结果表明:辽东栎群群内部存在丰富的遗传变异,中央种群的遗传多样性高于边缘种群的遗传多样性。总遗传多样性的95%发生在种群内  相似文献   

2.
恽锐  王洪新 《Acta Botanica Sinica》1998,40(11):1040-1046
通过植物群落结构、壳斗、叶脉形态特征、同工酶及DNA等多方面调查与测定,分析了帽儿山的蒙古栎(QuercusmongolicaFisch.)和东灵山、关帝山的辽东栎(Q.liaotungensisKoidz.)的遗传分化及多样性。各种水平的研究一致说明:两种植物的遗传分化较小,东灵山种群是典型蒙古栎、辽东栎种群的中间类型。确切地说,从东北到山西组成一个地理渐变群,存在大范围、强大的双向基因流  相似文献   

3.
中国特有种四合木种群遗传多样性的RAPD   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
张颖娟  杨持 《生态学报》2002,22(11):1917-1922
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术检测了西鄂尔多斯高原特有种四合木种群5个斑块的遗传多样性。22个扩增引物产生ll6条带,Shannon信息指数和Nei指数对RAPD数据的分析表明:四合木种群存在较高的遗传多样氓,其中千里山斑块的遗传多样性和多态位点比例较高,石嘴山斑块的最低。遗传多样性的86.5%存在于斑块内,斑块间的遗传变异为13.5%。遗传距离与地理距离无直接相关关系。这些结果说明,遗传多样性反映了四合木种群基因组DNA存在较高的变异性;同时各斑块间存在一定的基因流,四合木各斑块可看成是处于同一种群的半隔离状态(meta—种群),对四合木应注意保护遗传多样性丰富的meta—种群。  相似文献   

4.
鬣羚干皮标本中的DNA提取和PCR扩增   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
为了澄清鬣羚(Capricornis sumatraensis)这种动物在系统进化和分类上的混乱局面,有效地保护其种群的遗传多样性,本文以鬣羚不同种群的干皮标本为样品,分别提取了总DNA(totalDAN),并以此为模板,特异性扩增了mtDNA(mitochondrialDAN)细胞色素b(cyt b)基因的约500bp的片段,从而证明了通过干皮标本研究这种珍贵动物遗传分化的可行性。  相似文献   

5.
应用同工酶分析方法,测定北京市东灵山区两个分别代表干旱和湿润生境的辽东栋(QuercusliaotungensisKoiz.)群体的遗传结构。共分析统计了13 个酶系统30 个位点。结果表明:辽东栎群体内部存在丰富的遗传变异(多态位点百分率为86.6% ,等位基因平均数为2.25)。两群体遗传结构的相似性程度很高(D= 0.029, GST= 0.048);但在个别位点上仍存在较大差异,这些差异的产生可能与对小生境的适应有关。对不同年龄段的初步分析结果显示,基因频率的动态变化可能有其适应意义  相似文献   

6.
从220个RAPD(RandomAmplifiedPolymorphic DNAs)随机引物中所选出的多态扩增性强的21个引物对来源不同的刀个烟草黑胫病菌株进行全基因组DNA遗传多样性分析和指纹构建。选用引物对受试菌株进行RAPD-PCR扩增,共产生243条DNA标记图带,其中191条为多态性图带,多态检测率为78.6%。利用UPGMA(UnweigthtePair-group MethodWithArithmetic Average)软件对受试菌株间的遗传距离进行聚类分析构建系统树状图,受试对个菌株被划分为5个遗传聚类组即(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)。结果证明供试菌株具有丰富的遗传多样性,虽各自的遗传背景差异显著,但其亲缘关系相近,遗传聚类组的划分与菌株的地理来源未有明显的相关性。  相似文献   

7.
苍术DNA分离及RAPD遗传多样性分析   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
用新鲜的或-75℃保存的苍术〔Atractylodeslancea(Thunb.)DC.〕叶片提取DNA,产量分别为40ng/mg鲜重和10ng/mg鲜重左右,分离出的DNA的OD260/OD280值均大于19,可用于RAPD试验。用8种引物对苍术4个居群的DNA进行扩增,单个10碱基的引物扩增出的RAPD标记在1~15之间,多态位点百分率南苍术为4750%,北苍术为4540%,遗传相似度值南苍术为085,北苍术为087。结果表明,南苍术的遗传多样性略高于北苍术。  相似文献   

8.
应用ISSR-PCR分析蒙古栎种群的遗传多样性   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
本研究应用ISSR标记技术对东北地区的优势树种蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)的25个种群遗传多样性进行了分析,目的是为蒙古栎早期选择提供依据。从60条ISSR引物中筛选出10个特异性强、稳定性好的引物进行ISSR分析。共获得位点数71个,其中多态位点数56个,多态位点百分率为78.87%。PopGene分析结果表明:种群的平均多态位点百分率为45.2%,Shannon表型多样性指数(I)平均值为0.25,具有较高的遗传多样性,种群间存在一定程度的基因流(^0为1.3818)和遗传分化(Nei’s信息多样性指数平均值为0.1068,Gst平均值为0.2657),种群内的基因多样度占总种群的73.43%,种群间占26.57%,表明蒙古栎种群的变异主要来源于种群内。结合聚类分析和地理变异规律把种群划分为两个大的种群组:小兴安岭种群组和长白山种群组。以上结果可为栎属种质资源的保护和利用以及物种分化研究提供基础资料。  相似文献   

9.
中国对虾16 S rRNA基因序列多态性的研究   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
利用PCR技术扩增获得中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)线粒体DNA的16S rRNA基因片段,通过测定该基因片段的序列,分析了取自我国烟台、长岛近海和宁波养殖的17只中国对虾遗传多态性。结果发现,不同地理种群存在丰富的DNA序列多态性,17只个体具有17种基因型,在扩增的长为523bp的基因片段中,共检测到37个多态性核苷酸位点(7.07%)。UPGMA法构建的分子系统树表明不同地理  相似文献   

10.
利用PCR技术分别以亲本杉木(Cunninghamialanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.)、柳杉(CryptomeriafortuneiHooibrenk)和杉木×柳杉杂种的总DNA为模板,扩增了叶绿体trnLtrnF和线粒体CoxⅢ基因片段,比较了这些扩增片段的限制性内切酶AluⅠ,DdeⅠ,HinfⅠ,MseⅠ和RsaⅠ的酶切片段多态性,结果表明:F1代的叶绿体DNA为母系遗传,而线粒体DNA为父系遗传。杉木线粒体DNA父系遗传方式与杉科其他植物一致,而叶绿体DNA母系遗传则为在松柏类植物中首次发现。  相似文献   

11.
Summary Yamada's method of estimating genetic co-variances between traits measured in different experimental units is discussed. It is shown that if the data are unbalanced, this method gives biased estimates of genetic covariances unless the traits have identical genetic and residual variances. An alternative unbiased procedure is suggested.  相似文献   

12.
植物种质群体遗传结构改变的测度   总被引:21,自引:1,他引:20  
本文旨在探讨植物种质资源保存中由于人为和自然缘故导致遗传结构改变的评价指标和评价方法.在介绍植物种质资源保存研究一些基本概念的基础上,归纳了测度种质库(收集品)遗传潜势的6种遗传多样性统计指标,包括同一变异层次的类型数、类型分布均衡度、遗传相似性与遗传距离、遗传方差与遗传变异系数、多元变异指数以及亲本系数.指出若无遗传丰富度相伴,单有遗传离散度并未提供遗传多样性的完整测度.探讨了人为条件导致植物种质资源遗传结构改变的遗传流失、环境胁迫所致植物种质资源遗传结构改变的遗传脆弱性和种子扩繁所引发的植物种质资源遗传结构改变的遗传漂变和遗传漂移等的统计指标.文末给出了自花授粉植物和异花授粉植物群体适宜样本容量研究的个例.  相似文献   

13.
Electrohoretically detectable enetic variation for 29 kinds of blood protein encoded by 33 loci was analyzed for 78 Asian eletants (Elephas maximus) which were collected from its four local populations: Sri Lanka, Souti India, Thailand and Nepal. Elehants in Sri Lanka are classified into the subspecies E.m. maximus, and those from the other tlree localities into the subspecies E. m. indicus. Six variable loci were detected, and one of them, the tetrazolium oxidase locus, was observed to show a complete allele substitution between the subspecies. Average heterozgosity within local populations were in a range of 0.0152 ? 0.0303. Whereas the Nei's genetic distance among three local populations of the subspecies indicus were 0.0013 ? 0.0031, the distance between the subspecies indicus and maximus were 0.0328 ? 0.0370, indicating that the two subspecies were well differentiated genetically.  相似文献   

14.
Gymnodiptychus dybowskii is endemic to Xinjiang, China and has been locally listed as protected animals. To investigate its genetic diversity and structure, specimens were collected from six localities in Yili River system and Kaidu River. Fragments of 1092bp Cyt b gene were sequenced for 116 individuals. A total of 21 haplotypes were found in all samples, and no haplotype was shared between Yili River system and Kaidu River population. Sequence comparisons revealed 123 variable sites, with eight singleton sites and 115 parsimony informative sites. For all the populations examined, the haplotype diversity (h) was 0.8298 ± 0.0226, nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.2521 ± 0.1202, and average number of pairwise nucleotide differences (k) was 275.3369 ± 118.5660. AMOVA analysis showed that the differences were significant for total populations except for Yili River system populations. The pairwise Fst values revealed same conclusion with AMOVA analysis: Kaidu River population was divergent from Yili River system populations. The genetic distance between two groups was 0.108 and the divergence time was estimated at 5.4–6.6 Ma, the uplift of Tianshan Mountain might have separated them and resulted in the genetic differentiation. The neutrality test and mismatch analysis indicated that both two groups of G. dybowskii had went through population expansion, the expansion time of Yili River system and Kaidu River population was estimated at 0.5859–0.7146 Ma and 0.5151–0.6282 Ma, respectively. The climate changes of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau might have influenced the demographic history of G. dybowskii.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic polymorphism in varietal identification and genetic improvement   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Summary New sources of genetic polymorphisms promise significant additions to the number of useful genetic markers in agricultural plants and animals, and prompt this review of potential applications of polymorphic genetic markers in plant and animal breeding. Two major areas of application can be distinguished. The first is based on the utilization of genetic markers to determine genetic relationships. These applications include varietal identification, protection of breeder's rights, and parentage determination. The second area of application is based on the use of genetic markers to identify and map loci affecting quantitative traits, and to monitor these loci during introgression or selection programs. A variety of breeding applications based on these possibilities can be envisaged for Selfers, particularly for those species having a relatively small genome size. These applications include: (i) screening genetic resources for useful quantitative trait alleles, and introgression of chromosome segments containing these alleles from resource strain to commercial variety; (ii) development of improved pure lines out of a cross between two existing commercial varieties; and (iii) development of crosses showing increased hybrid vigor. Breeding applications in segregating populations are more limited, particularly in species with a relatively large genome size. Potential applications, however, include: (i) preliminary selection of young males in dairy cattle on the basis of evaluated chromosomes of their proven sire; (ii) genetic analysis of resource strains characterized by high values for a particular quantitative trait, and introgression of chromosome segments carrying alleles contributing to the high values from resource strain to recipient strain.Contribution from The Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No. 767-E, 1983 Series  相似文献   

16.
Genebank seed accessions of predominantly self-pollinating species may be stored either as bulked (mixed) seed lines or as pure line cultivars. If seed lines are bulked in storage then when considered over several regeneration cycles, loss of genetic diversity within heterogeneous self pollinating genebank accessions is shown to be severe. This within-accession loss of diversity represents opportunities foregone through the random loss of individual genotypes. Amongst working collections, the utility and repeatability of genebank accessions is paramount in the justification of the germ plasm resource. Therefore, the only practical solution to the management of predominantly self-pollinating species is to preserve individual accessions as pure lines.  相似文献   

17.
Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis carr.), endemic to China, is a conifer species with extensive and fragmented distribution in North China. In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of 20 natural populations of this species were investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 445 fragments were revealed with 8 pairs of primers, 379 (85.17%) of which were polymorphic. A moderate level of genetic diversity was detected at the species level (Shannon's information index I = 0.356, Nei's gene diversity HE = 0.271) and at the population level (I = 0.219, HE = 0.206). Most of genetic variation was within populations while a considerable level of genetic differentiation was detected (GST = 0.352, ФST = 0.304). The high differentiation could be attributed to the complex and fragmented habitats, and a limited gene flow among populations (Nm = 0.572). The Mantel test indicated that there was significant correlation (r = 0.455, P < 0.001) between Nei's genetic distance and geographical distance among all the populations. The results suggested that proper countermeasures should be taken to prevent the habitat further deterioration and maintain the genetic diversity of this species.  相似文献   

18.
Prince Rupprecht's Larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.) is one of dominant components of middle and high elevation forests in North China. Shanxi Province is well known as “the Hometown of Prince Rupprecht's Larch” in China. In this study, six natural populations of this species across Shanxi were selected to investigate the genetic variation of the species using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Results showed that in comparison with some other species of Larix, higher genetic diversity was revealed at the species level for L. principis-rupprechtii (percentage of polymorphic loci PPL = 71.9%, Nei's gene diversity HE = 0.225, Shannon information index I = 0.341). Most of genetic variation existed within populations (80.5%), while the genetic differentiation among populations was significant (p < 0.001) and higher (Gst = 0.194) than most other species of Larix. The differentiation can be attributed to the limited gene flow (Nm = 1.035) among populations, which could be due to the spatial isolation and habitat fragmentation. The six populations can be divided into three groups based on the Nei's genetic distances between populations (from 0.033 to 0.076). There was no significant correlation (r = 0.268, p > 0.05) between genetic distance and geographic distance among populations. The measures for in-situ or ex-situ conservation should be taken to preserve the genetic diversity of this species.  相似文献   

19.
Canavalia ensiformis is an under-exploited legume that has been used as forage, green manure, and a cover crop. Thus far, studies of the C. ensiformis germplasm have focused on morphological traits, which cannot be used to distinguish all known accessions or to evaluate their genetic diversity precisely. In this study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and relationships among 29 C. ensiformis accessions originating from 16 countries. In total, 274 clear bands were amplified and 144 of them (52.6%) were polymorphic. The polymorphism information content values (PIC) ranged from 0.10 to 0.43, with an average of 0.27. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the most significant variation (92.0% of the total) occurred among accessions; the remaining 8.0% was attributed to variation within accessions. A cluster analysis and principal coordinates (PCoA) analysis produced similar results, whereby the 29 C. ensiformis accessions were divided into 5 clusters, each of which was composed of different accessions with different phenotypic traits. This study provides the theoretical basis for future biodiversity studies and breeding programs.  相似文献   

20.
Abies chensiensis Tieghem and Abies fargesii Franchet are two closely related tree species of Pinaceae endemic to China. A. chensiensis is usually found scattered in small forest fragments, whereas A. fargesii is a dominant member of coniferous forest. To evaluate the genetic effect of fragmentation on A. chensiensis, a total of 24 populations were sampled from the whole distribution of the two species. Seven nuclear microsatellite loci were employed to analyze comparatively the genetic diversity and population genetic differentiation. Both A. chensiensis and A. fargesii have high level within-population genetic diversity and low inter-population genetic differentiation. Low microsatellite differentiation (2.1%) between A. fargesii and A. chensiensis was observed. But microsatellite marker was able to discriminate most populations of these two species. Compared to A. fargesii, A. chensiensi has lower allelic diversity and higher genetic differentiation among populations. It suggested the existence of negative genetic impacts of habitat fragmentation on A. chensiensis.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号