尿微量白蛋白检测在社区糖尿病患者管理中的临床意义

目的：观察尿微量白蛋白在糖尿病患者中的改变情况,探讨提高社区糖尿病肾病早期诊断检出率的方法。方法：选择社区2型糖尿病患者73例,根据空腹血糖控制情况及糖尿病病程时长分别分组,比较不同组间患者尿微量白蛋白水平及阳性病例检出率,同时进行相关性分析。结果：MAIb在不同血糖控制情况患者中,血糖水平与MAIb数值、阳性检出率具有正相关性（P〈0．05）;血糖控制良好患者与其他血糖控制情况患者相比,差异具有（高度）统计学意义（P〈0．01;P〈0．05）;MAIb在不同病程患者中,病程时间与MAIb数值、阳性检出率具有正相关性（P〈0．05）;≤5年组患者与5～10年组和≥10年组相比,差异具有（高度）统计学意义（P〈0．01;P〈0．05）。结论：尿微量白蛋白（MAIb）W作为早期糖尿病肾病检测的重要指标,能够提示肾脏病变的发展,定期检查能够提高早期糖尿病肾病的检出率。     

血生长停滞特异性蛋白6、胱抑素C与老年2型糖尿病肾病相关性的研究

目的:探讨生物学标志物血生长停滞特异性蛋白6(Growth arrest specific protein 6,Gas6)、胱抑素C(Cystatin C,Cys-C)与老年2型糖尿病肾病的相关性。方法:于2014年4月-2015年4月期间在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院(南院)接受治疗的患者中,选取130例年龄≥60岁的老年2型糖尿病患者为研究组,其中根据有无微量白蛋白尿,将上述患者分为60例尿微量白蛋白阴性组和70例尿微量白蛋白阳性组,同时选取医院体检显示健康的65例年龄≥60岁的正常人为对照组,观察比较三组的血Gas6、血Cys-C水平指标。结果:研究组中两亚组的血Gas6水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);尿微量白蛋白阳性组的血Gas6水平明显低于尿微量白蛋白阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组中两亚组的血Cys-C水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);尿微量白蛋白阳性组的血Cys-C水平明显高于尿微量白蛋白阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:老年2型糖尿病肾病的发生及发展与血Gas6、血Cys-C水平有关,血Gas6水平的下降,血Cys-C水平的升高,提示糖尿病的肾脏损伤程度加重,对早期2型糖尿病肾病的诊断具有一定的预测价值。     

西格列汀对早期2型糖尿病肾病患者肾功能的影响

目的:研究西格列汀对早期2型糖尿病肾病患者肾小球、肾小管标志性蛋白/酶的影响。方法:早期2型糖尿病肾病患者72例,随机数字表分为对照组36例、治疗组36例;两组均采用糖尿病饮食管理、运动治疗,在控制血糖、血脂、血压的基础上,治疗组给予磷酸西格列汀100 mg 1粒/次,1次/天,持续服药6月。观察治疗前、后两组血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、血脂、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2 h PBG)、血清胱抑素-C(Cys-C)及24 h尿微量白蛋白(24 h UAE)、尿N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)的变化。结果:治疗后,治疗组血脂、Hb A1c、FBG、2 h PBG较对照组明显下降,差异有显著性(P0.05)。两组患者24 h UAE、NAG、β2-MG和Cys-C较治疗前均下降,差异有显著性(P0.05);两组治疗后相比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:西格列汀可以有效控制早期DN患者的血糖水平,减少血清Cys-C、尿微量白蛋白水平,减轻肾小管损伤,有利于延缓DN的病程和进展。     

糖尿病性视网膜病变术后CRT、SFCT、mALB、MBG、HbA1c水平的变化及相关性

本研究通过观察糖尿病性视网膜病变术后患者黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度,脉络膜厚度,尿微量白蛋白、血糖、糖化血红蛋白的水平,试图了解其差异及相关性。我们选取2016年1月至2017年12月于我院就诊的糖尿病性视网膜病变患者200例,根据其有无视网膜病变、有无肾病、术后有无黄斑水肿分为合并组和未合并组,同时选取100例正常成年人作为对照。观察糖尿病患者和对照组、未合并和合并并发症糖尿病患者的黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central retinal thickness, CRT),凹下脉络膜厚度(subfoveal choroidal thickness,SFCT),尿微量白蛋白(microAlbunminuria, mALB)、平均血糖(mean blood glucose, MBG)和糖化血红蛋白(glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c)水平,进一步分析了糖尿病黄斑水肿患者的尿微量白蛋白水平与黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度、脉络膜厚度、血糖、糖化血红蛋白的相关性。研究结果表明,糖尿病组患者的CRT水平较对照组低,SFCT、mALB、MBG和HbA1c水平高于对照组;合并视网膜病变、合并肾病和合并黄斑水肿组患者的CRT水平较未合并组低,SFCT、mALB、MBG和HbA1c水平均高于未合并组;黄斑水肿患者的m ALB水平与CRT水平负相关,与SFCT、MBG和HbA1c水平正相关。本研究得出结论:糖尿病性视网膜病变术后患者黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CRT)较薄,脉络膜厚度(SFCT)变厚,且与尿微量白蛋白密切相关。     

脑利尿钠肽、同型半胱氨酸与2型糖尿病早期肾病的关系及血糖变化的影响

目的:观察脑利尿钠肽、同型半胱氨酸与2型糖尿病早期肾病的关系及强化治疗后三者的变化.方法:实验组:116例,根据尿白蛋白排泄量(UAER)和血肌酐水平分为4个亚组:正常蛋白尿组(NA组)32例;蛋白尿组40例(MA组);临床蛋白尿组32例(ODN);肾功减退组12例.正常对照组(NC)47例.将所有的糖尿病患者行降糖、护肾等综合治疗后重新测定血清血清脂联素、脑利尿钠肤、同型半胱氨酸水平.结果:1、脑利尿钠肽、同型半胱氨酸在糖尿病早期肾病中明显增高;2、糖尿病肾病(DN)各组脑利尿钠肽、同型半胱氨酸水平与正常对照组相比有极显著差异(P<0.05,P<0.01),且经方差分析结果显示:糖尿病肾病(DN)各组间的血清脑利尿钠肽、同型半胱氨酸水平逐渐递增,三组间有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01);3、二者与尿微量白蛋白有很好的相关性;4、强化控制后脑利尿钠肤、同型半胱氨酸水平的变化具有统计学意义.结论:脑利尿钠肽、同型半胱氨酸水平与糖尿病肾病的发生、发展及血糖的变化密切相关,可作为诊断早期糖尿病肾病的血清标志物.     

影响早期糖尿病肾病预后危险因素探讨分析

目的:探讨研究影响早期糖尿病肾病(DN)预后的主要危险因素,为延缓早期糖尿病肾病向糖尿病终末期肾病进展提供依据。方法:回顾性分析52例早期DN的临床、实验室及治疗等临床资料,了解年龄、控制血糖、血压、血脂、尿蛋白对早期糖尿病肾病预后的影响。结果:50岁以下早期糖尿病肾病患者5年进展为终末期肾病高达25%,明显低于50岁以上的患者(75%)。血糖、血压、血红蛋白、血浆白蛋白、血脂、尿蛋白等指标控制良好的早期糖尿病肾病的预后明显好于控制不佳者(P<0.05)。结论:控制血糖、血压、血脂、尿蛋白和不吸烟或戒烟对改善早期糖尿病肾病的预后、提高患者生活质量、延长患者的肾存活期和生存期有着十分重要的意义。     

2型糖尿病患者踝臂指数与尿微量白蛋白/ 肌酐比值的相关性探讨

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者踝臂指数(ABI)与尿微量白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)的相关性。方法:将100名2型糖尿病患者分为ABI降低组(ABI1.0)与ABI正常组(1.0≤ABI≤1.3),比较两组患者性别、年龄、病程、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)等指标的差异,探讨尿微量白蛋白(UMA)、UACR与ABI异常的相关性。结果:共入选100例患者,其中男62例,女38例,ABI正常组75例,ABI异常组25例,两组的FBG、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、Hb Alc水平差异均无统计学意义;异常组的BUN、SCr、ACR及24h尿微量蛋白水平均显著高于ABI正常组人群,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,ACR、24 h尿微量蛋白显著影响ABI指标。结论:2型糖尿病患者踝臂指数与UACR水平密切相关。踝臂指数测定客观、简便,重复性好,无创伤,不但可以用来评估糖尿病患者的外周血管功能状态,还可以评估尿微量白蛋白/肌酐水平,对早期发现糖尿病肾病有一定价值。     

2型糖尿病患者Pentraxin-3与尿白蛋白相关性的研究

目的:研究2型糖尿病患者Pentraxin-3和尿蛋白的相关性,以及糖尿病肾病患者中PTX3临床上所起的作用.方法:选取我院2010年4月-2012年6月间进行诊治的230例2型糖尿病患者,通过对白蛋白的排泄率进行测定,将其分为三组,分别是正常白蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组以及临床白蛋白尿组,分别对三组患者的血糖、血脂、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、PTX3以及HS-CRP进行测量.结果:对PTX3水平测量时,微量白蛋白尿组明显比正常白蛋白尿组高(P＜0.01),临床白蛋白尿组PTX3水平显著高于其它两组(P＜0.01),PTX3与UAER呈正相关.各组患者的年龄、TG、HS-CRP、FPG、GGT比较,差异显著有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:患者白蛋白尿和PTX3关系密切,因此测定PTX3的水平有助于早期对糖尿病肾病进行诊断,PTX3的水平尤其对2型糖尿病肾病患者是一个重要的衡量因素.     

微量白蛋白尿期2型DKA患者使用胰岛素泵治疗的疗效观察与分析

为观察胰岛素泵治疗微量白蛋白尿期2型糖尿病老年患者酮症酸中毒的临床疗效,本研究选取本院肾病风湿病科和内分泌科52例微量白蛋白尿期(30 mg≤24 h尿微量白蛋白300 mg) 2型糖尿病酮症酸中毒老年患者作为研究对象,入院时间从2015年6月至2017年1月。入院后所有纳入患者均给予快速补液、纠正水、电解质和酸碱平衡、调节血糖等处理。其中26例患者给予24 h持续泵入诺和灵R的胰岛素泵治疗,初始设定胰岛素量为0.1 U·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)。待酮体阴性、动脉p H正常时,给予基础量泵入,设为胰岛素泵组;另26例患者给予诺和灵R持续快速静滴,滴速为0.1 U·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),待酮体阴性、动脉pH正常时改为皮下注射的方式,设为持续静滴组。对比两组患者的尿酮体转阴时间、胰岛素用量以及低血糖发生率,本研究发现,两组患者在性别构成、年龄、糖尿病病程、尿微量白蛋白、发病次数和严重程度方面差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。胰岛素泵组尿酮体转阴时间要比持续静滴组短,胰岛素用量少,低血糖发生率低,两者差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。由此可见,胰岛素泵可以明显减少微量白蛋白尿期2型糖尿病酮症酸中毒老年患者的胰岛素用量,缩短尿酮体转阴时间,同时减少低血糖发生风险。     

西格列汀对2 型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿影响的研究

目的:研究西格列汀对2型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿的影响,分析其可能机制和临床应用价值。方法:选取160例伴微量白蛋白尿的2型糖尿病患者,随机分为西格列汀组和其他药物组,各80例。比较两组患者治疗前和治疗3个月后血糖水平、尿微量白蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白及血浆还原型谷胱甘肽水平。结果:经3个月治疗,两组患者空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、Hb A1c均较治疗前下降,但差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05);西格列汀治疗组患者尿微量白蛋白和血浆Hs-CRP水平明显下降,血浆还原型谷胱甘肽水平明显升高,与其他口服药物治疗组相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:西格列汀可能通过改善机体炎症状态,降低氧化和应激水平等机制降低2型糖尿病患者的尿微量白蛋白水平。     

血清RBP,Hcy,CysC及尿m ALB水平在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的临床应用

目的:研究血清视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胱抑素C(Cys C)及尿微量白蛋白(m ALB)水平在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的临床价值,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法:选取2014年6月到2016年2月我院收治的2型糖尿病患者138例,根据24小时尿蛋白排泄率将患者分为单纯糖尿病(A组65例),早期糖尿病肾病(B组73例),另选取同期健康体检者65例为对照组,检测各组血清中RBP、Hcy、Cys C及尿m ALB水平。结果:B组RBP、Hcy、Cys C及尿m ALB水平均显著高于A组和对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),A组RBP、Hcy、Cys C显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);RBP、Hcy、Cys C及尿m ALB联合检测阳性率显著高于单独检测(P0.05)。结论:早期糖尿病肾病患者血清RBP、Hcy、Cys C及尿m ALB水平显著上升,联合检测能提高检测阳性率。     

糖尿病肾病患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶-2和同型半胱氨酸水平及其临床意义

目的:探讨糖尿病肾病患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶-2和同型半胱氨酸水平及其临床意义。方法:选取糖尿病患者71例,其中并发糖尿病肾病组(n=35)和未并发肾病组(n=36),同时选取健康人群40例为对照组。检测患者MMP-2、Hcy、MAU及Scr水平。结果:糖尿病肾病组、糖尿病无肾病组血浆MMP-2、Hcy及MAU水平均显著高于健康对照组(P0.01);与糖尿病无肾病组比较,糖尿病肾病组患者MMP-2、Hcy及MAU水平较高(P0.05);糖尿病肾病组患者的血浆SCr水平明显高于其他两组(P0.05)。糖尿病肾病患者血浆MMP-2与MAU呈显著正相关(r=0.522,P0.05),与Hcy呈显著负相关(r=-0.007,P0.05),与Scr不相关(P0.05);Hcy与MAU(r=0.012,P0.05)、Scr均(r=0.031,P0.05)呈正相关。结论:糖尿病肾病患者MMP-2水平降低,Hcy水平升高,有望作为糖尿病肾病患者的诊断和预后预测参考指标。     

住院糖尿病患者中甲状腺结节的流行病学研究

目的:观察住院糖尿病患者中甲状腺结节的患病率,探讨二者间潜在的关系。方法:于2008年8月~2011年12月间对上海交通大学附属第一人民医院南院因糖尿病收治入院的全部患者进行甲状腺相关病史收集、血清甲状腺激素检测及超声波检查,以筛查甲状腺结节。结果:在收治的660例糖尿病患者中,住院期间发现并诊断合并有甲状腺结节患者为221例,患病率为33.5%。进一步分析糖尿病患者临床特征与甲状腺结节关系,男性为29.8%,女性为38.4%,明显高于男性患者,二者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);糖尿病患者甲状腺结节患病率有随年龄增长而升高的趋势,与≤30岁年龄组相比,年龄51岁~70岁组及≥70岁组结节患病率均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(41.1%,37.6%15.4%,均P<0.05);1型糖尿病患者甲状腺结节患病率为24.1%,2型糖尿病中为35.3%,高于1型糖尿病,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);糖尿病患者中,不同体重指数、病程、治疗方法组中甲状腺结节患病率相互比较均无明显差异性(均P>0.05)。结论:住院糖尿病患者中甲状腺结节患病率较高,尤其是女性、较大年龄及2型糖尿病患者更为突出,临床上有必要对这些患者进行甲状腺结节的筛查。     

Cardiovascular risk in obese and nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes in the West Indies

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of obesity on glycemic control and the risk of progressing to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in obese and nonobese type 2 diabetic patients in primary care settings. METHODS: One hundred and ninety patients (64 men, 126 women) with type 2 diabetes (mean duration 9.2 years) were studied after an overnight fast. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure were measured and blood samples were taken for glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and creatinine determinations. RESULTS: About 85% of the patients had HbA(1c) levels > 7.0%, and 48% had a diastolic blood pressure (BP) >83 mm Hg, while 40% had a total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio greater than 6. The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high BP and ratios of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol between the obese and nonobese patients were similar irrespective of sex (p > 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that ethnicity, sex, age and duration of diabetes had significant impact on the cardiovascular risk in this population. CONCLUSION: Both obese and nonobese diabetic patients had poor glycemic control and their risk of CVD was not independent of age, sex, ethnicity and duration of diabetes. We suggest strict metabolic control and improved diabetes health education at the primary care level.     

Pulsed electromagnetic fields accelerate wound healing in the skin of diabetic rats

Delayed wound healing is a common complication in diabetes mellitus. From this point of view, the main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF PEMFs) on skin wound healing in diabetic rats. In this study, diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats via a single subcutaneous injection of 65 mg/kg streptozocin (freshly dissolved in sterile saline, 0.9%). One month after the induction of diabetes, a full‐thickness dermal incision (35 mm length) was made on the right side of the paravertebral region. The wound was exposed to ELF PEMF (20 Hz, 4 ms, 8 mT) for 1 h per day. Wound healing was evaluated by measuring surface area, percentage of healing, duration of healing, and wound tensile strength. Obtained results showed that the duration of wound healing in diabetic rats in comparison with the control group was significantly increased. In contrast, the rate of healing in diabetic rats receiving PEMF was significantly greater than in the diabetic control group. The wound tensile strength also was significantly greater than the control animals. In addition, the duration of wound healing in the control group receiving PEMF was less than the sham group. Based on the above‐mentioned results we concluded that this study provides some evidence to support the use of ELF PEMFs to accelerate diabetic wound healing. Further research is needed to determine the PEMF mechanisms in acceleration of wound healing in diabetic rats. Bioelectromagnetics 31:318–323, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Urinary excretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) 7-36 amide in human type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.

The urinary excretion of insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) was investigated as an indicator of renal tubular integrity in 10 healthy subjects and in 3 groups of type 2 diabetic patients with different degrees of urinary albumin excretion rate. No significant difference emerged between the groups with respect to age of the patients, known duration of diabetes, metabolic control, BMI, or residual beta-cell pancreatic function. Endogenous creatinine clearance was significantly reduced under conditions of overt diabetic nephropathy, compared with normo and microalbuminuric patients (p < 0.01). Urinary excretion of GLP-1 was significantly higher in normoalbuminuric patients compared to controls (490.4 +/- 211.5 vs. 275.5 +/- 132.1 pg/min; p < 0.05), with further increase under incipient diabetic nephropathy conditions (648.6 +/- 305 pg/min; p < 0.01). No significant difference resulted, in contrast, between macroproteinuric patients and non-diabetic subjects. Taking all patients examined into account, a significant positive relationship emerged between urinary GLP-1 and creatinine clearance (p = 0.004). In conclusion, an early tubular impairment in type 2 diabetes would occur before the onset of glomerular permeability alterations. The tubular dysfunction seems to evolve with the development of persistent microalbuminuria. Finally, the advanced tubular involvement, in terms of urinary GLP1 excretion, under overt diabetic nephropathy conditions would be masked by severe concomitant glomerular damage with the coexistence of both alterations resulting in a peptide excretion similar to control subjects.     

血清铁蛋白（SF）及sod水平与2型糖尿病患者小纤维神经病变关系的研究

摘要 目的：探血清铁蛋白（SF）及超氧化物歧化酶（sod）水平与2型糖尿病患者小纤维神经病变的关系。方法：选择2017年6月至2019年12月我院接诊的120例2型糖尿病患者,根据病变发生情况分为病变组67例,未发生病变53例作为对照组,分析血清铁蛋白（SF）及sod在其中的表达及其预测小纤维神经病变的价值。结果：病变组铁蛋白（SF）水平显著高于对照组,sod水平显著低于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;ROC结果显示,铁蛋白（SF）预测2型糖尿病患者小纤维神经病变的AUC为0.924,95%CI为0.892~0.957,截断值为223.407 ng/mL ;sod预测2型糖尿病患者小纤维神经病变的AUC为0.96,95%CI为0.944~0.987,截断值为126.862 U/mL;联合预测2型糖尿病患者小纤维神经病变的AUC为0.993,95%CI为0.986~1.000,单独检测分别和联合检测曲线下面积比较均具有显著差异,联合检测的特异度、准确度分别为94.26%、95.16%。结论：在2型糖尿病小纤维神经病变患者中血清铁蛋白（SF）及sod的表达异常,对于疾病的进展有诊断意义,临床应给与关注。     

Effect of diabetic duration on serum concentrations of endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase in patients and rats with diabetes

This study was designed to investigate the effect of diabetic duration on serum concentrations of endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase N(G), N(G)-asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in patients and rats with diabetes, and to determine whether elevated endogenous ADMA is implicated in endothelial dysfunction or macroangiopathy in diabetes. Experimental diabetic model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to male Sprague-Dawley rats and fed for 2-, 4- and 8-week, respectively. Type 2 diabetic patients with different diabetic duration were recruited from Xiangya Hospital. Plasma glucose and serum ADMA levels were measured in both patients and rats. Moreover, endothelium-dependent relaxation of thoracic aortas and some parameters of metabolic control were examined in rats. Serum ADMA concentrations were significantly elevated in type 2 diabetic patients compared with healthy subjects (3.44 +/- 0.40 vs 1.08 +/- 0.14 micromol/L, n = 50 in diabetic patients and n = 40 in healthy subjects, P < 0.01). The serum levels of ADMA in patients with macroangiopathy were higher than the patients without macroangiopathy (P < 0.01). But no difference was observed in serum ADMA concentrations between groups of patients with different diabetic duration. Similarly, serum levels of ADMA in diabetic rats were also significantly elevated at 2-week duration compared with duration-matched control (3.71 +/- 0.20 vs 1.04 +/- 0.23 micromol/L, n = 5 approximately 6, P < 0.01). This elevation of ADMA was retained to 4- and 8-week (3.54 +/- 0.76 vs 0.95 +/- 0.06 micromol/L for 4-week, 3.21 +/- 0.50 vs 1.03 +/- 0. 09 micromol/L for 8-week, n = 5 approximately 6, all P < 0.01) and remained unchanged among three diabetic groups. The elevation of ADMA was accompanied by impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation and poor metabolic control in diabetic rat. These results first reveal that the extent of elevation in serum ADMA in both rats and patients with diabetes is not proportion with the length of their diabetic duration but rather with the metabolic control of this disease. Elevated endogenous ADMA may be implicated in diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction and macroangiopathy. This study is helpful to prevention and treatment of diabetic-induced endothelial dysfunction or macroangiopathy.