Thrips (Insecta,Thysanoptera) of Iran: a revised and?updated checklist

In Iran, as a result of recent changes in nomenclature 201 species and one species group of the insect Order Thysanoptera, are here listed in 70 genera and five families. In considering species listed previously from this country, the presence of 7 species is considered not confirmed, and 12 species are excluded from the Iranian list. Problems in the study of Iranian Thysanoptera are discussed briefly.     

Transmission of peanut yellow spot virus (PYSV) by Thrips,Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood in groundnut †

Peanut yellow spot virus (PYSV) was efficiently transmitted by Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood in groundnut. Larvae could acquire the virus in 30 min and the maximum percentage transmission of 43.8% by individual insects resulted following two days AAP. Single adult Thrip transmitted the virus after minimum IAP of 30 minutes. The percentage transmission (33.3%) increased linearly with an increase in IAP up to 1.5 days and maximum up to 55 h of IAP (36.1%). PYSV persistently transmitted more than 75% of their life span.     

Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae, Phlaeothripidae) damaging peach in Paranapanema, São Paulo State, Brazil

Seeking to identify thrips species associated to peach and the injuries they cause, plants of Aurora and Tropic Beauty cultivars were weekly monitored, from May to August of 2005, in Holambra II district, in Paranapanema, SP. Flowers and fruits from six plants per hectare were sampled by the hitting technique. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), F. schultzei (Trybom), F. gardenia (Moulton), F. condei John, F. insularis (Franklin) and Thrips tabaci Lindeman, in Thripidae, and Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin), in Phlaeothripidae were identified. F. occidentalis was dominant, comprising 55.7% of the total specimens sampled. Slight and severe injuries were registered in fruits.     

Einfluss der Blattoberfläche auf die Wirksamkeit des Räuberischen Thrips,Scolothrips longicornis [Thysan.: Thripidae]

Zusammenfassung Die Blattoberfl?che von Baumwoll- und Buschbohnenbl?ttern mit unterschiedlichem Alter zeigte grossen Einfluss auf die Wirksamkeit des r?uberischen Thrips,Scolothrips longicornis Priesner. Auf Buschbohnenbl?ttern wurden sowohl Larven als auch Adulte durch dichtstehende, hakenf?rmige Trichome verletzt und get?tet. Dadurch wurde die Frassaktivit?t, Eiablage, Lebensdauer und Entwicklung des Thrips in hohem Masse beeintr?chtigt. Von einem Thrips Weibchen wurden pro Tag durchschnittlich 78, 47 Milbeneier auf alten Baumwoll-, 44, 27 auf alten Buschbohnen-, 75, 78 auf jungen Baumwoll- und 34,57 auf jungen Buschbohnenbl?ttern gefressen. Die gleiche Tendenz wurde für die Eiablage festgestellt. Pro Tag wurden von einemS. longicornis durchschnittlich 10,01 Eier auf alten Baumwoll-, 6,08 auf alten Buschbohnen-, 8,0 auf jungen Baumwoll- und 3,06 Eier auf jungen Buschbohnenbl?ttern abgelegt. Die Blattoberfl?che hatte auch grossen Einfluss auf die Lebensdauer der Thrips. Ein Thrips lebte auf Baumwolle alt durchschnittlich 19,50, jung 11,14 Tage, auf Buschbohne alt 5,85, jung 3,67 Tage. Obwohl die Entwicklungsdauer der Larven auf den Blattarten ann?hernd gleich war, zeigten sich bei der Mortalit?t deutliche Unterschiede. Auf alten Baumwollbl?ttern betrug die durchschnittliche Mortalit?t der Larven 31,18%, auf alten Buschbohnen- 58,45%, auf jungen Baumwoll- 21,63% und auf jungen Buschbohnenbl?ttern 79,34%.

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Summary The leaf surface of cotton leaves and green bean leaves of different ages had a great influence on the effectiveness of the predatory thrips,Scolothrips longicornis Priesner. Green bean leaves show a high density of hooked trichomes, by which thrips larvae and adults frequently were injured and killed. Thereby the prey consumption, oviposition rate, longevity and larval development of the thrips were highly reduced. The mean number of mite eggs consumed by 1 female thrips per day was 78,47 on old cotton leaves, 44,27 on old green bean leaves, 75,78 on young cotton leaves and 34,57 on young green bean leaves. The rate of oviposition was affected in the same way, the average number of eggs laid per female per day was 10,01 on old cotton leaves, 6,08 on old green bean leaves, 8,0 on young cotton and 3,06 on young green bean leaves. The leaf surface also had a great influence on the longevity of the thrips. On the average a thrips lived for 19,5 days on old, 11,14 days on young cotton leaves, 5,85 on old and 3,67 days on young green bean leaves. Although the developmental time of the larvae was almost the same on the different leaves, great differences were found in the larval mortality. The mean mortality was 31,18% on old cotton, 58,45% on old green beans, 21,63% on young cotton and 79,34% on young green beans.

     

Origin of intra-individual variation in PCR-amplified mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I of Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): mitochondrial heteroplasmy or nuclear integration?

The mitochondrial genome is increasingly being used as a species diagnostic marker in insects. Typically, genomic DNA is PCR amplified and then analysed by restriction analyses or sequencing. This analysis system may cause some serious problems for molecular diagnosis. Besides the errors introduced by the PCR process, mtDNA sequence variation of amplified fragments may originate from mtDNA heteroplasmy or from nuclear integrations of mtDNA fragments, both of which have been shown to occur in insects. Here we document abundant variation in PCR-amplified sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene of Thrips tabaci. We confirm that the most common haplotype is of mitochondrial origin. Some of the observed mutations were introduced by the amplification process. However, the occurrence of some haplotypes at elevated frequencies indicates that within-individual variation of the respective fragment exists at low levels in T. tabaci. The frequencies of these sequences are too low to negatively affect mtDNA-based molecular diagnosis of T. tabaci. The possible origin of these variant haplotypes is discussed.