烧伤后回肠组织二胺氧化酶活性变化的动态观察

采用大鼠烫伤模型对烧伤后回肠组织二胺氧化酶 (DAO)活性和肠道内容物IgA水平的变化进行动态观察。探讨烧伤后肠道机械屏障与肠道免疫屏障变化及相互间的关系。结果表明 ,烧伤后回肠DAO活性和肠道内IgA含量均明显降低 ,但二者变化趋势有所不同。提示烧伤后肠道屏障损伤与肠源性脓毒症关系密切 ,而且肠道机械屏障损伤较重 ,持续时间较长。     

烧伤患者血浆和红细胞游离氨基酸变化及输注氨基酸对其变化的影响

动态测定烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸的含量 ,探讨输入外源性氨基酸后对血及红细胞内游离氨基酸的影响。以日立 835— 5 0型氨基酸自动分析仪测定烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸含量。结果发现烧伤患者血浆总游离氨基酸浓度从伤后到 2 1天均显著降低 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;赖、苯丙和苯丙 酪氨酸比值显著升高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;色、组、精、丙、甘、苏、脯和丝氨酸比值显著降低 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;缬、亮、异亮、酪、胱和支链氨基酸伤后早期降低。烧伤患者红细胞内总游离氨基酸含量不同程度降低 ,其中 1、3、7天降低显著 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;红细胞内苯丙和苯丙 酪氨酸比值未见显著性升高 ;色、蛋、精、脯氨酸含量很低或基本未测出。输注复合氨基酸注射液后未能显著改善患者血及红细胞内游离氨基酸含量。结果提示烧伤患者红细胞内游离氨基酸含量的变化趋势与血浆游离氨基酸变化趋势基本一致 ;烧伤后红细胞内苯丙氨酸及苯丙 酪氨酸比值有别于血浆变化。本研究条件下补充外源性氨基酸未能显著改变烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸的含量     

燕麦米汤对严重烧伤患者休克期肠道复苏的影响

目的:研究严重烧伤患者休克期经肠道给予燕麦米汤对肠道复苏的影响。方法:选取烧伤面积≥30%TBSA的患者42例,并随机分为:燕麦米汤组,伤后24h内开始经鼻肠管给予燕麦米汤;对照组,伤后24h内开始经鼻肠管给予50g/L葡萄糖盐水,连续4d,每组21例。在伤后1、2、3、4 d分别检测其血清二氨氧化酶(DAO)值及动脉血乳酸(LAC)含量,观察两组患者腹胀缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间等临床指标。结果:两组患者伤后血清二氨氧化酶及动脉血乳酸含量均呈下降趋势,燕麦米汤组血清二氨氧化酶在伤后2、3、4d显著低于对照组(P<0.01),而脉血乳酸含量在伤后2、3d显著低于对照组(P<0.05或0.01),治疗过程中燕麦米汤组其腹胀缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、排气时间、开始完全肠内营养时间、继发感染例数均优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:在严重烧伤休克期尽早鼻饲燕麦米汤能较好地促进肠道复苏。     

心脏手术后视幻觉发生与肠道菌群变化的研究

目的探究心脏术后患者视幻觉症状发生情况及体内肠道菌群变化。方法选取2020年1月-2021年1月中国科学院大学宁波华美医院接受择期体外循环心脏手术的成年患者21例作为研究对象。分别在术前、术后第1次或第2次排便、术后6～8 d进行微生物分析和粪便短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)浓度测定。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测肠道菌群组成,高效液相色谱检测SCFAs。术后1周进行视幻觉评价。结果21例患者中,视幻觉3例。与术前相比,术后第1和第2份粪便样本的微生物总数显著降低(P<0.05)。在专性厌氧菌中,第一次术后粪便样本中的球形梭菌数量、柔嫩梭菌数量显著低于术前样本。兼性厌氧菌中,术后第1次和第2次标本的乳酸杆菌总数均显著降低。植物乳杆菌数量在第1次术后粪便样本中较低。L. sakei数量在第2次术后标本中明显下降。术后第1次粪便样本中肠杆菌科的数量明显高于术前样本。与术前相比,术后第1次粪便样本中的肠球菌数量显著升高。术后第2次粪便标本中葡萄球菌数量明显高于术前标本。术后视幻觉组葡萄球菌数量明显高于非视幻觉组,第2次术后粪便样本中术后视幻觉组葡萄球菌数量也明显高于非幻视觉组。视幻觉组的假单胞菌数量明显高于非视幻觉组和术后第2次粪便样本。术后第1次粪便标本中,视幻觉组肠杆菌数量高于非视幻觉组。视幻觉组术后第一次粪便样本中总SCFAs浓度显著低于非视幻觉组。以上差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心脏手术后视幻觉的发生与肠道菌群变化存在一定联系,表现为肠道内肠杆菌科和肠球菌属数量增多,乳杆菌数量降低,同时还伴随着SCFAs浓度的降低。     

颈交感神经阻滞对严重烧伤大鼠的救治作用及其机制研究

目的:观察颈交感神经阻滞(CSB)对严重烧伤大鼠的救治作用,并对其可能机制进行初步探讨。方法:将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、烧伤组和CSB组,烧伤组与CSB组均制作20%体表面积Ⅲ0烧伤模型,CSB组于致伤后进行颈交感神经阻滞,观察动脉血压和心率变化;测定大鼠血中皮质酮、肾上腺素浓度;观察伤后21天动物伤死情况。结果:1.颈交感神经对严重烧伤大鼠救治效果显著,烧伤组和CSB组动物21天死亡率分别为73.33%和53.33%;2.创伤后大鼠血浆内肾上腺素浓度在伤后24小时有明显上升,然后迅速下降,但是CSB组肾上腺素浓度上升幅度远远低于烧伤组;3.与正常组相比,烧伤后血清GC的水平升高非常显著,CSB治疗组虽较正常组也升高,但显著低于烧伤组。结论:颈交感神经阻滞对严重创伤动物具有明显保护效应,其保护作用机制可能与调节创伤后神经-内分泌-免疫系统功能紊乱有关。     

内毒素血症在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肝损伤中的作用

目的:探讨血浆内毒素在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肝损伤中的作用.方法:健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,用显色基质鲎试剂法检测各组血浆内毒素水平,用免疫组化图像分析法测定各组肝内TNF-α含量,同时测定血清中ALT水平变化情况,在光镜下观察各组肝脏组织学变化.结果:伤后各组血浆内毒素水平、肝组织TNF-α的表达及血清ALT水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05).血浆内毒素水平于伤后8h出现高峰,伤后12h仍维持在高峰值水平;伤后各组出现逐渐加重的肝细胞水肿、变性、坏死,肝组织NTF-α含量及血清ALT水平均于伤后2h和12h出现2个高峰.相关分析表明,伤后肝组织TNF-α含量与血浆内毒素及血清ALT水平均呈正相关(r值分别为0.802、0.895,P<0.06).结论:腹部火器伤肠穿孔后内毒素血症可引起肝内TNF-α含量增高来介导继发性肝损伤的发生.     

恶性血液病患者化疗前后肠道免疫功能及微生态改变状况研究

目的探讨恶性血液病患者化疗后肠道免疫功能及微生态改变状况。方法采用前瞻性队列研究。入选初发恶性血液病并需要化疗的患者,留取化疗前后粪便标本。根据患者化疗后是否出现发热,分为粒细胞减少伴发热组及粒细胞减少不伴发热组。采用光冈法对粪便需氧菌及厌氧菌进行定量培养,分析肠道菌群变化。同时检测患者化疗前后粪便IgA值变化。结果共纳入24例患者,化疗后出现粒细胞减少症伴发热的患者10例,占41.7%;未发热患者14例,占58.3%。24例患者化疗后粪便IgA水平及B/E值显著性下降,肠道微生态发生改变,具体表现为肠杆菌、假单胞菌及真菌显著增多。化疗后,粒细胞减少伴发热组与未发热组相比肠杆菌及真菌显著增多,两组患者粪便IgA水平、B/E值变化无明显差异。结论恶性血液病患者化疗后肠道免疫功能、微生物定植抗力下降,侵袭性细菌增多。化疗后粒细胞减少伴发热患者肠杆菌显著增多,可能成为粒细胞减少症伴发热患者的潜在致病菌。     

燕麦米汤对严重烧伤患者休克期肠道复苏的影响

目的：研究严重烧伤患者休克期经肠道给予燕麦米汤对肠道复苏的影响。方法：选取烧伤面积≥30%TBSA的患者42例,并随机分为：燕麦米汤组,伤后24h内开始经鼻肠管给予燕麦米汤;对照组,伤后24h内开始经鼻肠管给予50g/L葡萄糖盐水,连续4d,每组21例。在伤后1、2、3、4 d分别检测其血清二氨氧化酶（DAO）值及动脉血乳酸（LAC）含量,观察两组患者腹胀缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间等临床指标。结果：两组患者伤后血清二氨氧化酶及动脉血乳酸含量均呈下降趋势,燕麦米汤组血清二氨氧化酶在伤后2、3、4d显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）,而脉血乳酸含量在伤后2、3d显著低于对照组（P〈0.05或0.01）,治疗过程中燕麦米汤组其腹胀缓解时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、排气时间、开始完全肠内营养时间、继发感染例数均优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：在严重烧伤休克期尽早鼻饲燕麦米汤能较好地促进肠道复苏。     

烧伤对兔血红细胞内游离氨基酸浓度的影响

动态观察烧伤兔血红细胞内游离氨基酸的代谢变化。以日立 835 - 5 0型氨基酸自动分析仪测定 30 %TBSA兔烧伤后 1、3、7、15和 2 0d血红细胞内游离氨基酸的含量。结果显示 ,烧伤后多数测试点红细胞内游离氨基酸不同程度降低 ;伤后 1天降低最显著 ;苏、丙、缬、组、精和脯氨酸伤后各个时间点降低 ,多数时间点显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 - 0 .0 1)。结果提示烧伤后红细胞内游离氨基酸依靠易化扩散参与全身氨基酸的再分布     

原发性肝癌TAE后肠道菌群、血清内毒素含量的初步探讨

目的研究原发性肝癌TAE后肠道菌群、内毒素含量的变化。方法45例研究对象均为原发性肝癌患者,分别于TAE前、后用培养的方法检测肠道菌群,并测定血清内毒素、转氨酶含量。结果原发性肝癌TAE后转氨酶明显升高,肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌明显减少,大肠埃希菌、肠球菌明显增加,血清内毒素水平增高。结论原发性肝癌TAE后肠道菌群发生变化,血清内毒素均有升高,兼顾治疗可能减少并发症发生。     

Immunoglobulin and antibody content in the blood serum, coprofiltrate and saliva of patients with Sonne dysentery]

The authors studied the immunoglobulin and specific antibodies content of various classes in the serum, coprofiltrates and the saliva of 68 patients suffering from Sonne dysentery and in 48 healthy adult persons. Mancini's test demonstrated a significant elevation of IgG and IgM content in the blood of dysentery patients in comparison with that in healthy persons, and the absence of any changes in the IgA content. The titres of specific IgG-, IgA- and IgM-antibodies in determination in the modified Coombs' test increased consideerably during dysentery infection and were found in high titres during the first week of the disease; they reached the maximum during the second week and persisted at this level for 3 weeks. The greatest antibody elevation was in the IgA-class. Antibodies revealed in the coprofiltrates and the saliva of dysentery patients belonged to IgA- and IgG-class. There proved to be a correlation of the antibody changes in these two secretions.     

Enhancement of Intestinal IgA Production by Ajoene in Mice

We investigated the effects of ajoene on intestinal IgA production. Ajoene (1.35, 4.5, and 13.5 µg/kg/d) was administered to mice for 4 weeks. The fecal IgA level in the 13.5 µg/kg/d group increased after 3 weeks. The intestinal IgA level also increased in a dose-dependent manner upon ajoene administration. An oil-macerated garlic extract, with 1500 µg/g of ajoene, enhanced the intestinal IgA production.     

Impact of the probiotic bacteria Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (SF68) and Bacillus cereus var. toyoi NCIMB 40112 on the development of serum IgG and faecal IgA of sows and their piglets

To examine the influence of two different probiotic bacteria on the humoral immune system of swine, two animal studies were carried out with sows and their litters. The sows' feed was supplemented with either Enterococcusfaecium NCIMB 10415 (SF68) or Bacillus cereus var. toyoi NCIMB 40112 beginning early in pregnancy. The total IgA content in the faeces as well as the total IgG concentration in the blood of the sows was recorded before and after weaning. The same parameters were determined in the blood and faeces of the piglets. In sows, only feed supplementation with B. cereus led to a clear increase in faecal IgA. Serum IgG levels were not significantly affected by any probiotic feeding in sows. In piglets, the group that was fed B. cereus showed significantly higher faecal IgA levels shortly before weaning, whereas in the E. faecium group, a significant decrease in IgA levels was observed one week after weaning. In both probiotic fed groups the post-weaning IgG levels were significantly decreased compared to the respective control groups. We conclude that B. cereus var. toyoi feed supplementation led to an increased intestinal IgA secretion both in sows and piglets. This effect could be related to a more successful mucosal defence which in turn led to a lower level in systemic IgG production in piglets after weaning.     

Effects of an LHRH agonist on endocrine function, LHRH receptor and LH/hCG receptor in the pituitary-gonadal axis of male rats

The effects of an LHRH agonist (LHRHa), [D-Ser (tBu)]6 des-Gly-NH210) ethylamide, on endocrine function and the LHRH and LH/hCG receptors in the pituitary-gonadal axis were examined. The LHRHa was injected at 100 ng/100 g body weight into male rats once a day for 4 weeks and its effects were observed until 2 weeks after the end of treatment. Due to LHRHa treatment, the plasma LH concentration began to increase on day 3, reached a peak on day 7, and then decreased, although it remained above the control level during the treatment. The pituitary LH content decreased on day 1, reached a minimum (about 40% of the control) between days 3 and 7, and then was maintained at 60% of the control level until week 4. In contrast, the pituitary LHRH receptor concentration increased only on day 3, and the association constant (Ka) remained unchanged during the observation period. The testis weight and plasma testosterone concentration began to decrease on day 3, reached the minimum on day 7 and remained at this level until week 4, and their levels were not completely restored to normal 2 weeks after cessation of treatment. The testicular LH/hCG receptor concentration was decreased on day 1, and markedly decreased to 10-15% of the control value between day 7 and week 4, but the Ka value was slightly increased during the treatment. However, these values had completely recovered 2 weeks after the cessation of treatment. The testicular LHRH receptor concentration increased between days 1 and 7, returned to the control level in weeks 2 and 4, and then decreased 2 weeks after cessation of treatment. Its Ka value was reduced in weeks 2 and 4. These data suggest that the inhibitory effect of LHRHa on the gonad in male rats is not due to reduced pituitary LH release, but to changes in the number and Ka values of gonadal receptors for LH/hCG and LHRH.     

Early pregnancy diagnosis of captive Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)

From January 2015 to February 2017, urine samples was collected from twelve captive female Amur tigers during both their mating (or receptive) periods and the first four weeks after mating at the Hengdaohezi Feline Breeding Center (FBC) in China. A radioimmunoassay was applied to determine the progesterone levels in the urine samples. The relationship between progesterone levels and pregnancy in Amur tigers was assessed according to whether the tigers gave birth in the end. Results showed that average progesterone levels increased significantly (P < .05) after mating for all female tigers having parturition. And the minimum value of progesterone levels of them during the fourth week after mating was consistently higher than 0.21 ng/mL, the maximum value in mating period of all female tigers. However, there were no significant differences in progesterone levels between mating period and the first four weeks after mating of the female tigers having no parturition. Therefore, early pregnancy in captive Amur tigers can be diagnosed when urine progesterone concentrations attain a level higher than 0.21 ng/mL for seven days in a row after mating.     

Humoral response of the immunologic secretory system of the small intestine in children infected with Giardia intestinalis

Local humoral response of the intestinal mucosa was determined with secretory IgA levels and secretory component activity in enterocytes and duodenal content of 15 children infected with G. intestinalis. The obtained results were compared to those in 5 children with coeliac disease and 12 children with diarrhoea without lambliasis. Secretory IgA was increased in about 50% of children with lambliasis (in the remaining groups in 25% of children) to the values higher than that in the comparative groups. Secretory component activity was relatively high in the intestinal epithelium. Secretory component activity in the duodenal content was high in about 40% of children independently of the examined group. No correlation between the said variables was noted except positive correlation of secretory IgA levels and secretory component activity in the bile.     

Developmental changes in the activities of sialyl- and fucosyltransferases in rat small intestine

To study an enzymatic basis for the postnatal changes in intestinal glycosylation, the activities of sialyl- and fucosyltransferases were determined in the particulate fraction of mucosal cells prepared from rat small intestine of various ages. The results show that sialyltransferase activity was present in increased levels compared to adults during the preweaning period (1-2 weeks) and subsequently declined 5-fold to adult levels after weaning, while fucosyltransferase activity was decreased compared to adults in the first 3 weeks of life, rapidly increased at 4 weeks, and reached adult levels (10-fold) by 5 weeks. The changes in both sialyl- and fucosyltransferase activities were reflected by the membranous content of glycosidic-bound sialic acid and fucose, respectively. Cortisone injection precociously induced a decreased sialyltransferase activity and an increased fucosyltransferase activity in 2-week-old suckling rats. This study indicates that the activities of sialyl- and fucosyltransferases were reciprocally related and modulated by cortisone action in the developing intestine. These enzyme changes may be responsible for the previously noted shift from sialylation to fucosylation of the intestinal mucosa during maturation.     

Bacterial and fungal colonization of burn wounds

A prospective study of fungal and bacterial flora of burn wounds was carried out from February 2004 to February 2005 at the Burns Unit of Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, Brasília, Brazil. During the period of the study, 203 patients were treated at the Burns Unit. Wound swab cultures were assessed at weekly intervals for four weeks. Three hundred and fifty four sampling procedures (surface swabs) were performed from the burn wounds. The study revealed that bacterial colonization reached 86.6% within the first week. Although the gram-negative organisms, as a group, were more predominant, Staphylococcus aureus (28.4%) was the most prevalent organism in the first week. It was however surpassed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa form third week onwards. For S. aureus and P. aeruginosa vancomycin and polymyxin were found to be the most effective drugs. Most of the isolates showed high level resistance to antimicrobial agents. Fungi were found to colonize the burn wound late during the second week postburn, with a peak incidence during the third and fourth weeks. Species identification of fungi revealed that Candida tropicalis was the most predominant, followed by Candida parapsilosis. It is crucial for every burn institution to determine the specific pattern of burn wound microbial colonization, the time-related changes in the dominant flora, and the antimicrobial sensitivity profiles. This would enable early treatment of imminent septic episodes with proper empirical systemic antibiotics, without waiting for culture results, thus improving the overall infection-related morbidity and mortality.     

Adverse effects of praziquantel treatment of Schistosoma japonicum infection: involvement of host anaphylactic reactions induced by parasite antigen release

The present study using a murine model heavily infected with Schistosoma japonicum aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of adverse effects of praziquantel treatment of schistosome-infected subjects. Inbred BALB/c mice were infected with S. japonicum (Yamanashi strain) before being treated with a single dose of praziquantel at 4 or 8 weeks p.i. All the mice treated at 8 weeks p.i. exhibited signs typical of systemic anaphylaxis until half of them died shortly after praziquantel administration. At autopsy, these mice exhibited remarkable intestinal alterations characterised by increased mucosal permeability, mucosal oedema and petechial haemorrhage, which are changes typical of immediate intestinal anaphylaxis. In these mice treated at 8 weeks p.i., degranulation of intestinal mast cells was frequently observed, which was particularly remarkable around S. japonicum eggs hatched as an effect of praziquantel. Furthermore, the plasma histamine concentration just after praziquantel treatment was much higher in mice at 8 weeks p.i. than that in uninfected mice or in S. japonicum-infected mice without drug treatment. In contrast, none of these intestinal changes was observed in untreated or uninfected control mice, or in mice administered praziquantel at 4 weeks p.i., in which worm pairs had just reached sexual maturation and begun egg-laying. The finding by ELISA that serum IgM and IgA levels specific to S. japonicum eggs decreased immediately after praziquantel treatment, together with the results of immunohistochemistry, revealed the sudden release of parasite antigens from the eggs hatched by praziquantel treatment. The results of this study demonstrate that adverse effects of praziquantel treatment of schistosomiasis characterised by abdominal signs depend on anaphylactic reactions due to parasite antigens, especially antigens from eggs hatched as an effect of praziquantel.