水母雪莲悬浮培养细胞生长和黄酮类活生成分合成

在ＭＳ培养基上进行水母雪莲细胞悬浮培养,研究了摇床转速、接种量、培养液初始ｐＨ、碳源等的影响。结果表明,摇床转速为９０￣１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,接种量为５０￣８０ｇＦＷ／Ｌ,培养液初始ｐＨ５．５￣６．０,对水母雪莲悬浮培养细胞生长和黄酮合成最有利。碳源以蔗糖最适合,蔗糖浓度则以４０ｇ／Ｌ较好,此时细胞生长量为１８￣１９ｇＤＷ／Ｌ,总黄酮合成量可达１４２３．２５ｍｇ／Ｌ。用ＨＰＬＣ检测显示４＇,５,７－三     

硬粒小麦单倍体原生质体培养及植株再生

由硬粒小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ｄｕｒｕｍ Ｄｅｓｆ．）×玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓＬ．）建立的单倍性胚性愈伤组织,在继代培养４ 个月后置于含２．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ、３％ 蔗糖、２００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ水解酪蛋白、１４６ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ谷氨酰胺和３００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ天冬氨酸的ＭＳ液体培养基中进行悬浮培养,４ 个月后形成了生长迅速、由大小不同（０．５ ～５ ｍ ｍ ）的愈伤组织块组成的愈伤组织悬浮系。酶解试验表明,２．０％ 纤维素酶ＲＳ和０．５％ 的离析酶效果最好,而液体悬浮培养物和固体培养的愈伤组织（在酶解时用锋利的解剖刀片切成１ ｍ ｍ 左右的小块）都能释放出大量原生质体,但悬浮培养物释放出的原生质体状态较好,胞质更浓厚,用ＫＭ８ｐ 培养基以琼脂糖包埋培养方式培养时分裂频率可达５％ 左右。由原生质体再生的小愈伤组织经增殖、筛选后可获得胚性愈伤组织,将其转移至分化培养基Ⅰ（０．２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ、１．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＢＡＰ、０．１ ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ、３％ 蔗糖、２００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ 水解酪蛋白、１４６ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ谷氨酰胺和３００ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ天冬氨酸的ＭＳ固体培养基）和Ⅱ（不含２,４－Ｄ,其它成分同Ⅰ）上进行分步分化培养可再生出完整植株,分化频率约为２０％     

丽江产三尖杉的生物碱成分

丽江产三尖杉的生物碱成分邱明华陆保平＋马昕＋＋聂瑞麟（中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明６５０２０４）ＡＬＫＡＬＯＩＤＳＦＲＯＭＣＥＰＨＡＬＯＴＡＸＵＳＦＯＲＴＵＮＥＩＣＯＬＬＥＣＴＥＤＩＮＬＩＪＩＡＮＧＱｉｕＭｉｎｇｈｕａ,ＬｕＢａｏｐｉｎｇ＋,Ｍａ...     

菜心下胚轴原生质体培养和植株再生

以萌发３—４ 天（长约４ ｃｍ ）的菜心（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａ ｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ ｖａｒ．ｐａｒａｃｈｉｎｅｓｉｓ）无菌苗苍白下胚轴为材料,酶解分离原生质体。经纯化的原生质体,在含０．５ ｍ ｇ／ＬＺＴ、０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ、１．０ ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ 和０．４ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ葡萄糖的Ｋ８ｐ 培养基中,进行微滴培养。在起始培养１４—１８小时,原生质体再生新的细胞壁。３６ 小时再生细胞开始第一次分裂。第三天分裂细胞频率可达３５％ 。培养第８—９ 天,可见含８—１６个细胞的小细胞团,植板率为１５％ —１８％ 。３ 周后将发育成直径为２ ｍ ｍ 的白色小愈伤组织,转到含０．３ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ并用ｇｅｌｒｉｔｅ半固化的培养基上,增殖成４—５ ｍ ｍ 直径的愈伤组织。在ＭＳ＋ ３．２（或１．６） ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ＋ １．６（或０．８） ｍ ｇ／ＬＺＴ＋ ０．０１ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ＋ ０．１ ｍ ｇ／ＬＧＡ３ 和０．２％ 蔗糖的分化培养基上,获得芽的分化。切下约２ ｃｍ 长的芽苗,转移到含０．２ ｍ ｇ／ＬＩＡＡ 和２％ 蔗糖的培养基上,生根形成完整植株     

杨树新品种叶肉原生质体培养和植株再生

从１ 个月龄的ＮＬ－８０１０６ 杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓ×Ｐ． ｓｉｍ ｏｎｉｉ）无菌苗叶片分离得到大量原生质体,纯化后其原生质体产量为４×１０７／ｇ ｆｒ．ｗ ｔ． 纯化的原生质体在含２,４－Ｄ ２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ、ＮＡＡ ０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和ＫＴ ０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＭ８ｐ 和ＭＳ培养基中进行高密度液体浅层培养,渗透势为０．４０ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＭ８ｐ 培养基中原生质体分裂频率最高． 培养第５ 天观察到第一次细胞分裂,培养１０ ｄ 的分裂频率为４．５％ ,１２ 周内可形成大量的细胞团和小愈伤组织． ＮＬ－８０１０６杨叶肉原生质体在富含有机氮并以葡萄糖为碳源的培养基中具有较高的分裂频率和植板率．小愈伤组织在ｇｅｌｒｉｔｅ 固化的ＮＬＺ１ 培养基上增殖生长,３ 周后形成４—６ ｍ ｍ 结构紧密的鲜红色愈伤组织,转至ＮＬＦ分化培养基,分化成苗率为１００％ ． 待芽伸长到３ ｃｍ 时,从基部切下转至１／２ ＭＳ培养基上诱导生根,形成完整植株     

水母雪莲悬浮培养细胞生长和黄酮类活性成分合成

在ＭＳ培养基上进行水母雪莲（ＳａｕｓｕｒｅａｍｅｄｕｓａＭａｘｉｍ．）细胞悬浮培养,研究了摇床转速、接种量、培养液初始ｐＨ、碳源等的影响。结果表明,摇床转速为９０～１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,接种量为５０～８０ｇＦＷ／Ｌ,培养液初始ｐＨ５．５～６．０,对水母雪莲悬浮培养细胞生长和黄酮合成最有利。碳源以蔗糖最适合,蔗糖浓度则以４０ｇ／Ｌ较好,此时细胞生长量为１８～１９ｇＤＷ／Ｌ,总黄酮合成量可达１４２３．２５ｍｇ／Ｌ。用ＨＰＬＣ检测显示４′,５,７三羟基３′,６二甲氧基黄酮（ｊａｃｅｏｓｉｄｉｎ）和４′,５,７三羟基６甲氧基黄酮（ｈｉｓｐｉｄｕｌｉｎ）的含量分别达到总黄酮含量的２２．１１％和０．１５％。     

雨生红球藻混合营养与异养培养研究

研究雨生红球藻混合营养生长与异养生长对碳源及碳源浓度的需求,并对两种生长型进行比较。结果表明,乙酸钠较葡萄糖等碳源更能维持红球藻进行混合营养民异养生长。红球藻混合营养型生长与异养型生长的适宜乙酸钠浓度范围分别是０．５￣１．０ｇ／Ｌ和１￣１．５ｇ／Ｌ。混合营养型及异养型的平均速率分别是０．７２ｄ＾－１和０．５３ｄ＾－１,培养８ｄ的细胞干重分别是０．６５ｇ／Ｌ和０．３２ｇ／Ｌ。与光养型（对照）相比,混     

苹果原生质体培养及植株再生

用苹果（Ｍａｌｕｓ ｐｕｍ ｉｌａ Ｍｉｌｌ）胚珠诱导愈伤组织并建立悬浮细胞系。用２％ 纤维素酶、０．５％ 果胶酶的混合酶液分离悬浮培养物,可得到５．４×１０６ 个／ｇ ｆｒ． ｗ ｔ有活性的原生质体。这些原生质体在改良的ＭＳ、Ｋ８ｐ、Ｄ２ 培养基中均可发育成细胞团,在含２．０ ｍ ｇ／ＬＩＡＡ、２．０ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ、０．１ ｍ ｇ／ＬＢＡ 的ＭＳ固体培养基上形成愈伤组织,更换几次不同的培养基后,在分化培养基上分化出不定芽,在生根培养基上生根形成完整植株。     

真养产碱菌利用甜菜糖蜜发酵产聚β－羟基丁酸的研究

探讨了以廉价原料甜菜糖蜜培养真养产碱菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ）Ｈ１６生产聚β－羟基丁酸（ＰＨＢ）的可行性。对培养基优化试验表明,菌体产量可达２０ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ产量达９．８ｇ／Ｌ,糖转化率为２７．５％。用２升自控发酵罐进行验证,在良好的供氧条件和特定的ｐＨ值自控条件下发酵周期从４８小时缩短到４０－４２小时,菌体和ＰＨＢ量都有提高。菌体最高产量２６ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ最高产量１３ｇ／Ｌ,糖转化率为２０．４％。ＰＨＢ占细胞的含量,摇瓶和罐上结果都在５０％左右。     

雨生红球藻混合营养与异养培养研究*

研究雨生红球藻混合营养生长与异养生长对碳源及碳源浓度的需求,并对两种生长型进行比较。结果表明,乙酸钠较葡萄糖等其他碳源更能维持红球藻进行混合营养生长与异养生长。红球藻混合营养型生长与异养型生长的适宜乙酸钠浓度范围分别是０．５～１．０ｇ／Ｌ和１～１．５ｇ／Ｌ。混合营养型及异养型的平均生长速率分别是０．７２ｄ^－１和０．５３ｄ^－１,培养８ｄ的细胞干重分别是０．６５ｇ／Ｌ和０．３２ｇ／Ｌ。与光养型（对照）相比,混养型的各种生长指标均明显提高,异养型则下降。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.