粳稻穗部结构性状的QTL分析

利用温带粳稻‘沈农265’和‘丽江新团黑谷’构建的重组自交系群体,在沈阳和哈尔滨两地对15个穗部结构性状进行了QTL分析。共检测到61个相关QTL,其中沈阳检测到的38个QTL在第1、4、6、11和12号染色体上形成了sir-QTL簇;而在哈尔滨检测到的31个QTL也在第3、9和10号染色体上形成了QTL簇。仅有8个QTL是在两地同时被检测到的,分别是控制一次枝梗数#＇．jqPBN4、控制穗长的qPL6和qPL9、控制一次枝梗实粒数的qGNPB4、控制一次枝梗颖花数的qTSNPBJ、控制结实率的qPSSIO、以及控制着粒密度qSD3和qSD9。其中,qPBN4（最高表型贡献率43．2％）、qPL9（最高表型贡献率63．2％）、qGNPB4（最高表型贡献率30．9％）和qSD9（最高表型贡献率42．9％）是主效QTL。通过进一步的分析发现控制穗长qPL9和控制着粒密度qSD94于DEPl所在区间。同时控制一次枝梗数和一次枝梗实粒数的位于第4号染色体长臂端的穗部结构主效QTL,qPBN4qGNPB4极富研究与应用价值。     

谷子SSR分子图谱的构建及主要农艺性状QTL定位

试验拟对谷子重要农艺性状进行数量性状位点QTL分析。以表型差异较大的沈3/晋谷20F2作图群体为材料,观测其株高、穗长等性状,选用SSR做分子标记,利用完备区间作图法(BASTEN C J)进行QTL分析。结果显示,表型数据在作图群体中呈现连续分布,表现为多基因控制的数量性状,被整合的54个SSR标记构建10个连锁群,LOD阈值设置为2.0,检测到与株高相关的主效QTL2个,联合贡献率45.9637%,穗长主效QTL1个,贡献率14.9647%,与穗重、粒重相关的主效QTL为同一位点,贡献率分别为11.9601%和10.1879%。有6组QTL位点之间存在基因互作效应,大小范围为-0.4986-16.6407,对性状的贡献率在2.2716％至6.7478％之间。谷子表型控制复杂,相关QTL的检测受环境影响较大,不同连锁群QTL间互作明显。     

直播条件下水稻6个穗部性状的QTL分析

在大田直播条件下,利用来源于＂Lemont/特青＂的重组自交系群体,对水稻6个穗部性状及其相互间遗传相关的分子基础进行了QTL分析,共检测到19个QTL,各性状QTL数为2～4个,单个QTL贡献率为4%～22%。共检测到3个染色体区段能同时影响多个穗部性状,其中第1染色体RM212-RM104和第2染色体RM263-RM221区段的QTL能同时影响单株产量、每穗颖花数、着粒密度和二次枝梗数中的3个或4个性状,且这2个区段的QTL对各性状的效应方向相同,增效等位基因均来自‘特青’,为各性状间表型正相关提供了重要的遗传解释。第11染色体RG1022附近的QTL对着粒密度的效应值为负,来自‘特青’的等位基因增加性状值,而对穗长的效应值为正,来自‘特青’的等位基因降低性状值,为这2个性状间表型负相关也提供了一定的遗传解释。此外,对水稻穗部性状QTL在多种环境和遗传背景下的稳定表达及其在分子标记辅助育种中的应用进行了讨论。     

普通野生稻中增产相关QTL的发掘

普通野生稻(Oryza Rufipogon)是重要的遗传资源,发掘其优良等位基因将对水稻遗传改良产生重要影响。文章从以珍汕97为轮回亲本,普通野生稻为供体的BC2F1群体中选择一个与珍汕97表型明显不同的单株BC2F1-15,经过连续自交获得回交重组自交系BC2F5群体。均匀分布于12条染色体的126个多态性SSR(Simplesequence repeats)标记基因型分析,发现BC2F1-15单株在30%的标记位点为杂合基因型;利用该群体共检测到4个抽穗期、3个株高、4个每穗颖花数、2个千粒重和1个单株产量QTL。在第7染色体RM481-RM2区间,检测到抽穗期、每穗颖花数和产量QTL,野生稻等位基因表现增效作用;其他3个每穗颖花数QTL位点,野生稻等位基因也均具有增效作用。结果表明野生稻携带有增产相关的等位基因,这些有利等位基因无疑是水稻遗传改良可资利用的新资源。     

粳型超级稻品种''沈农265''穗部和穗颈维管束性状的QTL剖析

采用粳型超级稻品种'沈农265'和普通品种'丽江新团黑谷'的176株F2群体分析24个穗部和穗颈维管束数量性状位点(QTL)的结果显示,共检测到37个QTL,它们分布在水稻的第1、2、3、4、5、6、7,8,9和12号染色体上,单个QTL对性状表型贡献率在11.0%-65.0%之间,其中大于20%的有15个.这些QTL,分别在第3、4、6、9和12号染色体上.以6个QTL簇(QCR)的形式存在.QCR-3和QCR-12控制穗部和穗颈维管束性状,QCR-4a、QCR-4b、QCR-6和QCR-9控制穗部性状.在这些区域已经定位了多个控制穗部性状的QTL,说明紧密连锁或成簇分布是穗颈维管束性状和穗部性状高度相关的遗传学基础之一.     

水稻种子贮藏10年后的活力相关基因定位

以2004年构建并保存在种质库10年的186个单株组成的湘743/Katy F2:3群体为材料,在发芽的第5天和第9天统计亲本和各株系的发芽率和成苗率,应用由129个标记组成的连锁图谱检测与种子活力相关的QTL,一共检测到12个QTLs,共分布在6条染色体的6个区间,单个QTLs对群体性状表型变异的贡献率为5.73%~47.53%,联合贡献率都是50%。其中,在第8染色体RM152~RM310区间检测到一个主效的QTL,对第5天发芽率和第9天发芽率和第9天成苗率的贡献率分别为12.02%、47.53%、38.64%,来自于湘743的基因增加发芽率和成苗率;在第9染色体RM444~RM219区间检测到一个稳定表达的QTL,对第5天发芽率和第9天发芽率和第9天成苗率的贡献率分别为8.85%、7.49%、10.36%,来自于Katy的基因增加发芽率和成苗率;此外,没有检测到显著的上位性互作。     

人工合成小麦Am3大穗多粒QTL的发掘与利用

穗粒数是小麦的重要产量性状之一,本研究以人工合成双二倍体小麦Am3为供体,普通小麦品种莱州953为受体,培育出了高穗粒数BC5F1导入系,以导入系后代75个BC5F1为材料,利用复合区间作图法对其进行穗部性状的QTL定位。共检测到2个控制穗长、4个控制小穗数、2个控制穗粒数的QTL位点,贡献率分别为1％～22％、1％～9％和1％～15％。其中穗长和穗粒数分别有1个QTL能在两年重复检测到。并且在1A染色体上检测到同时控制小穗数和穗粒数的QTL,穗长和小穗数的QTL被定位在4A染色体上同一个区域,表明这2个位点是与穗部性状有关的热点区域。本研究发现的QTL多为来自Am3的新位点,对于小麦改良将具有重要价值。     

干旱胁迫和正常灌溉条件下玉米产量性状的QTL分析

产量及其产量因子是衡量玉米耐旱能力的重要性状。本研究利用Lo1067×Y i72的F2∶3家系进行产量性状的数量性状位点(QTL)的分析。结果表明,在正常水分条件和开花期干旱胁迫条件下,分别有14个QTL与产量性状穗重、粒重、轴重、百粒重、穗数、穗粒数有关。此外,还检测到7个与抗旱指数(TI)相关的QTL。各QTL所解释的表型变异在1%~78%;这些QTL以部分显性和超显性为主。不同胁迫条件下检测到的QTL不一致,说明存在显著的QTL与环境互作。     

华南杂交稻亲本间产量配合力评价与分子标记鉴定

选用华南地区广泛应用的8个杂交稻不育系与10个恢复系,按NCII设计配制两套不完全双列杂交组合61个,通过在湛江的两年种植试验,结合62对与产量性状QTL连锁SSR标记,对18个亲本的产量配合力进行综合评价和标记位点鉴定。结果表明：供试亲本间一般配合力存在较大差异,其中不育系珍汕97A、万金A和恢复系直龙、广恢3550的一般配合力相对较高;两套组合共检测出36个与亲本产量配合力显著相关的标记位点,其中RM1、RM216、RM231和RM542为两套材料所共有;检测出的杂合标记位点中,23个为增效标记位点,13个为减效标记位点,其中杂合标记位点RM231、RM209可使F1的单株粒重增加13.50 %和16.43 %。该结果可为华南地区杂交稻育种的亲本改良及选配提供了理论指导。     

粳稻蒸煮食味品质相关性状的QTL分析

以沈农265和丽江新团黑谷杂交衍生的重组自交系群体(RILs)为实验材料,对12个粳稻(Oryza sativa subsp.japonica)蒸煮食味品质相关性状进行QTL分析。共检测到29个蒸煮食味品质相关的QTLs,分布于除第8染色体外的11条染色体上,LOD值介于2.50–16.47之间,加性效应值为–132.69–471.85,单个QTL贡献率为10.36%–73.24%。在第6染色体RM508–RM253区域检测到1个蒸煮营养食味品质多效性QTL簇,其中q AC6表型贡献率最大,解释73.24%的表型变异;在第10染色体PM166–RM258区域检测到2个与蒸煮食味品质相关的QTLs,分别是控制口感的q CTS10和综合评分的q CCS10。此外,检测到15个与RVA特征谱相关的QTLs,在第6染色体RM253–RM402区域检测到3个与RVA谱特征值相关的QTLs,表型贡献率均大于12%。这些定位结果将为粳稻蒸煮食味相关品质的分子遗传机理研究奠定基础。     

Identification of Related QTLs at Late Developmental Stage in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Two Nitrogen Levels

QTL underlying related traits at the late developmental stage under two different nitrogen levels were investigated in rice using a population of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL) derived from a cross between Teqing and Lemont. A total of 31 QTLs referring 5 traits, that is, plant height (PH), panicle number per plant (PN), chlorophyll content (CC), shoot dry weight (SDW) and grain yield per plant (YD), were detected. Under normal N level, 3 QTLs were detected for each trait, while under low N level, 5,4, 5 and 2 QTLs were detected for PH, PN, CC and SDW respectively. Most of the QTLs were located on chromosome 2, 3, 7, 11 and 12. QTLs controlling different traits or the same trait under different N levels were mapped on the same or adjacent intervals, forming several clusters in rice chromosomes. More than two traits were controlled by QTLs on one of four intervals (RM30-RM439, RM18-RM478, RM309-RM270, and RM235-RM17), suggesting that there were some pleiotropic effects. It was supposed that some QTLs only detected at low N level might be associated with the ability to tolerate the low N stress in rice.     

两种供氮水平下水稻生长后期相关性状的QTL定位

以特青为母本与Lemont杂交,然后用特青为轮回亲本回交,建立特青背景下的染色体片段置换系（CSSL）群体。在正常和低氮条件下分别在生长后期对株高（PH）、单株穗数（PN）、叶绿素含量（CC）、地上部干物重（SDW）和单株籽粒产量（YD）等性状进行了QTL分析,共检测到31个QTL。其中在正常供氮水平下控制PH、PN、CC、SDW和YD的QTL数目均为3个;在低氮水平下检测到5、4、5和2个影响PH、PN、CC和SDW的QTL,在低氮水平下没有检测到控制YD的位点。大部分QTL集中在第2、3、7、11和12染色体上,影响不同性状或在两种供氮水平下影响同一性状的QTL在染色体上成串或成簇分布。其中RM30-RM439、RM18-RM478、RM309-RM270、RM235-RM17等区域同时检测到控制两个以上性状的QTL,表现出明显的一因多效现象。推测仅在低氮水平下检测到的QTL可能跟水稻对低氮胁迫耐性有一定的关联。     

Validation and dissection of quantitative trait loci for leaf traits in interval RM4923-RM402 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6

Validation and dissection of a QTL region for leaf traits in rice which has been reported in a number of independent studies were conducted. Three sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) were originated from a residual heterozygous line derived the indica cross Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46. They were overlapping and totally covered a 4.2-Mb heterogenous region extending from RM4923 to RM402 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6. Each NIL set consisted of 10 maternal lines and 10 paternal lines. They were measured for the length, width, perimeter and area of the top three leaves and the number of spikelets per panicle, number of grains per panicle and grain weight per panicle. In NIL sets 6-4 and 6-7, differing in intervals RM4923-RM225 and RM19410-RM6119, respectively, significant variations with the enhancing alleles from the female parent ZS97 were shown for the length, perimeter and area except for the area of the third leaf from top in 6-4, but the effects were lower in 6-4 than in 6-7. No significant effects were detected for the three traits in the remaining NIL set. It was shown that flag leaf length (FLL) is the primary target of the QTLs detected. Two QTLs for FLL linked in repulsion phase were resolved, of which qFLL6.2 located in the 1.19-Mb interval RM3414-RM6917 had a major effect with the enhancing allele from Zhenshan 97B, and qFLL6.1 located in the 946.8-kb interval RM19350-RM19410 had a smaller effect with the enhancing allele from Milyang 46. The two QTLs also exerted pleiotropic effects on the yield traits.     

Retracted: Screening of candidate genes and fine mapping of drought tolerance quantitative trait loci on chromosome 4 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress

Due to severe water resource shortage, genetics of and breeding for DT (drought tolerance) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) have become one of the hot research topics. Identification of grain yield QTLs (quantitative trait loci) directly related to the DT trait of rice can provide useful information for breeding new drought‐resistant and water‐saving rice varieties via marker‐assisted selection. A population of 105 advanced BILs (backcross introgression lines) derived from a cross between Zhenshan97B and IRAT109 in Zhenshan97B background were grown under drought stress in a field experiment and phenotypic traits were investigated. The results showed that in the target interval of RM273‐RM255 on chromosome 4, three main‐effect QTLs related to panicle length, panicle number, and spikelet number per panicle were identified (LOD [logarithm of the odds] > 2.0). The panicle length‐related QTL had two loci located in the neighboring intervals of RM17308‐RM17305 and RM17349‐RM17190, which explained 18.80% and 20.42%, respectively, of the phenotypic variation, while the panicle number‐related QTL was identified in the interval of RM1354‐RM17308, explaining 11.47% of the phenotypic variation. As far as the spikelet number per panicle‐related QTL was concerned, it was found to be located in the interval of RM17308‐RM17305, which explained 28.08% of the phenotypic variation. Using the online Plant‐GE query system, a total of 13 matched ESTs (expressed sequence tags) were found in the target region, and of the 13 ESTs, 12 had corresponding predicted genes. For instance, the two ESTs CB096766 and CA765747 were corresponded to the same predicted gene LOC_Os04g46370, while the other four ESTs, CA754286, CB000011, CX056247, and CX056240, were corresponded to the same predicted gene LOC_Os04g46390.     

A Pyramid Breeding of Eight Grain-yield Related Quantitative Trait Loci Based on Marker-assistant and Phenotype Selection in Rice （Oryza sativa L.）

1000-Grain weight and spikelet number per panicle are two important components for rice grain yield.In our previous study,eight quantitative trait loci(QTLs)conferring spikelet number per panicle and 1000-grain weight were mapped through sequencing-based genotyping of 150 rice recombinant inbred lines(RILs).In this study,we validated the effects of four QTLs from Nipponbare using chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs),and pyramided eight grain yield related QTLs.The new lines containing the eight QTLs with positive effects showed increased panicle and spikelet size as compared with the parent variety 93-11.We further proposed a novel pyramid breeding scheme based on marker-assistant and phenotype selection(MAPS).This scheme allowed pyramiding of as many as 24 QTLs at a single hybridization without massive cross work.This study provided insights into the molecular basis of rice grain yield for direct wealth for high-yielding rice breeding.     

水稻粒长QTL定位与主效基因的遗传分析

该研究利用短粒普通野生稻矮杆突变体和长粒栽培稻品种KJ01组配杂交组合F_1,构建分离群体F_2;并对该群体粒长进行性状遗传分析,利用平均分布于水稻的12条染色体上的132对多态分子标记对该群体进行QTL定位及主效QTLs遗传分析,为进一步克隆新的主效粒长基因奠定基础,并为水稻粒形育种提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)所构建的水稻杂交组合分离群体F_2的粒长性状为多基因控制的数量性状。(2)对543株F_2分离群体进行QTL连锁分析,构建了控制水稻粒长的连锁遗传图谱,总长为1 713.94 cM,共检测出24个QTLs,只有3个表现为加性遗传效应,其余位点均表现为遗传负效应。(3)检测到的3个主效QTLs分别位于3号染色体的分子标记PSM379～RID24455、RID24455～RM15689和RM571～RM16238之间,且三者对表型的贡献率分别为54.85%、31.02%和7.62%。(4)在标记PSM379～RID24455之间已克隆到的粒长基因为该研究新发现的主效QTL位点。     

水稻耐亚铁毒QTLs的定位

亚铁毒是潜育性水稻土中限制水稻产量的主要因子。利用龙杂8503／IR64的F2和等价的F3群体,在营养液中培养来定位耐亚铁毒的QTLs。通过构建101SSR标记的遗传连锁图谱来确定耐亚铁毒QTLs的位置和特性。借助叶片棕色斑点指数、株高和最大根长3个性状,利用营养液在水稻苗期来评价F2单株、F3群体和亲本龙杂8503、IR64,共检测到叶片棕色斑点指数、株高和最大根长的QTLs20个,分布在水稻的10条染色体上,表明这些性状受多基因控制。控制叶片棕色斑点指数的QTLs分别定位在第1染色体的RM315-RM212、第2染色体的RM6-RM240和第4染色体的RM252-RM451之间。与前人的研究结果比较发现：1）位于第4染色体RM252-RM451之间的控制叶片棕色斑点指数的QTL与水稻功能图谱上控制叶绿素含量减少的QTL的位置一致。另一个位于第1染色体的RM315-RM212之间的控制叶片棕色斑点指数的QTL与水稻功能图谱上位于C178-R2635之间控制叶绿素含量的QTL连锁。2）位于第2染色体RM6-RM240之间的第3个控制叶片棕色斑点指数的QTL与位于RZ58-CD0686的控制钾吸收的QTL连锁。     

Mapping QTLs for Plant Phenology and Production Traits Using Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Lines Adapted to Rainfed Environment

Drought is a major abiotic stress limiting rice production and yield stability in rainfed ecosystems. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) for rice yield and yield components under water limited environments will help to develop drought resilient cultivars using marker assisted breeding (MAB) strategy. A total of 232 recombinant inbred lines of IR62266/Norungan were used to map QTLs for plant phenology and production traits under rainfed condition in target population of environments. A total of 79 QTLs for plant phenology and production traits with phenotypic variation ranging from 4.4 to 72.8% were detected under non-stress and drought stress conditions across two locations. Consistent QTLs for phenology and production traits were detected across experiments and water regimes. The QTL region, RM204-RM197-RM217 on chromosome 6 was linked to days to 50% flowering and grain yield per plant under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. The same genomic region, RM585-RM204-RM197 was also linked to harvest index under rainfed condition with positive alleles from Norungan, a local landrace. QTLs for plant production and drought resistance traits co-located near RM585-RM204-RM197-RM217 region on chromosome 6 in several rice genotypes. Thus with further fine mapping, this region may be useful as a candidate QTL for MAB, map-based cloning of genes and functional genomics studies for rainfed rice improvement.