布拉酵母菌辅助治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价布拉酵母菌辅助治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)的有效性。方法计算机检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、维普中文期刊数据库和万方数据库,时限为建库至2020年2月。由2位研究人员按纳入、排除标准筛选文献,提取数据,评价纳入文献的方法学质量。研究主要结果为总症状改善人数,次要结果为症状总积分及腹痛、腹胀、腹泻情况。采用RevMan 5.3统计学软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入13篇RCT文献(n=1 320),Meta分析结果显示,使用布拉酵母菌辅助治疗IBS-D可提高患者治疗效果[RR=1.24,95%CI(1.18,1.31),P0.01],降低总症状积分[SMD=-0.98,95%CI(-1.21,-0.74),P0.01],改善患者腹痛[SMD=-0.79,95%CI(-1.02,-0.57),P0.01]、腹泻[SMD=-0.80,95%CI(-1.02,-0.58),P0.01]和腹胀[SMD=-0.97,95%CI(-1.02,-0.57),P0.01]状况。结论布拉酵母菌可以辅助治疗IBS-D,改善患者症状,但仍需更多高质量研究验证。     

酪酸梭菌活菌对防治婴幼儿抗生素相关性腹泻安全性和有效性的Meta分析CSCD

目的 系统评价酪酸梭菌活菌对预防和治疗婴幼儿抗生素相关性腹泻的安全性和有效性,为临床用药提供参考。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、Wanfang Data和CNKI,搜集有关酪酸梭菌活菌对预防和治疗婴幼儿抗生素相关性腹泻的随机对照试验(RCTs),检索时限均从建库至2021年6月。由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取文献并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3和Stata 14.0进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入29篇RCTs,包括4 096例患儿。Meta分析结果显示:与对照组相比,酪酸梭菌活菌组患儿抗生素相关性腹泻发生率降低了71%[RR=0.29,95%CI(0.25,0.34),P<0.01],腹泻持续时间减少了1.87 d[WMD=-1.87,95%CI(-2.11,-1.63)],住院时间减少了1.96 d[RR=-1.96,95%CI(-2.22,-1.70)],差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组患儿极少数出现轻微不良反应,主要是恶心呕吐、四肢酸软、皮疹。结论 当前证据表明,酪酸梭菌活菌可以有效治疗和预防婴幼儿抗生素相关性腹泻,安全性好,不良反应少。受纳入质量限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。     

口服益生菌对结直肠癌患者术后感染影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价口服益生菌对结直肠癌患者术后感染的影响。方法计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、EMbase、CNKI、WanFang Data和VIP数据库,搜集有关益生菌干预结直肠癌患者术后感染的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCTs),检索时限均为建库至2020年3月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件与Stata 14.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入13个RCTs(1122例患者),Meta分析结果显示:益生菌干预的试验组术后感染的总发生率低于对照组(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.24~0.44)。同时,试验组手术部位感染(OR=0.42,95%CI:0.27~0.66)、尿路感染(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.16~0.59)和肺部感染(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.23~0.66)的发生率也低于对照组,但腹腔脓肿(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.20~1.51)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组研究对象在吻合口瘘(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.19~0.87)和住院时间(WMD=-1.44,95%CI:-2.18~-0.71)差异也具有统计学意义。亚组分析结果提示2种及2种以上益生菌的联合效果可能高于单一益生菌干预的效果。结论结直肠癌患者口服益生菌可降低术后感染的发生率,改善患者预后。     

酪酸梭菌辅助根除幽门螺杆菌感染的Meta分析

目的系统评价酪酸梭菌辅助根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染的疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、CENTRAL(2016年7期)、CBM、CNKI、万方数据库、维普数据库,同时追溯纳入文献和相关综述的参考文献,收集关于酪酸梭菌辅助根除H.pylori感染的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时间均从建库至2016年7月30日。由两名评价员根据纳入排除标准筛选文献、提取资料、评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,采取RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入13个RCT,共1 372例患者(其中试验组742例,对照组630例)。Meta分析结果显示:与标准根除方案相比,酪酸梭菌辅助治疗组有利于提高H.pylori的根除率(RR=1.26,95%CI:1.18~1.34,P0.00001),并且降低总不良反应(RR=0.41,95%CI:0.32~0.52,P0.00001)、腹泻(RR=0.31,95%CI:0.16~0.58,P=0.0003)、味觉紊乱的发生率(RR=0.35,95%CI:0.17~0.73,P=0.005);然而,在腹胀、恶心的发生率上,酪酸梭菌辅助治疗组虽低于标准方案组,但差异无统计学意义。结论当前证据显示酪酸梭菌联合标准方案不仅可提高H.pylori的根除率,还能降低总不良反应、腹泻及味觉紊乱的发生。受纳入研究的质量和数量的限制,上述结论有待更多高质量的研究予以验证。     

布拉酵母菌补充三联疗法根除儿童幽门螺杆菌的疗效: 随机对照试验的Meta分析

目的探讨补充布拉酵母菌的三联疗法对儿童幽门螺杆菌根除率和治疗相关副作用的疗效。方法电子检索数据库,包括CNKI、VIP、WanFang、Embase、The Cochrane Library和PubMed。搜集布拉酵母菌补充三联疗法治疗儿童幽门螺杆菌感染的随机对照试验(RCT)。检索时间从建库到2019年8月。两名研究者独自完成文献筛选、提取资料和质量评价。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入6项研究,计1 114例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,布拉酵母菌组与对照组相比,可提高幽门螺杆菌根除率[OR=2.02,95%CI(1.48,2.76),P0.001]。补充布拉酵母菌显著降低了腹泻[OR=0.42,95%CI(0.29,0.60),P0.001]、便秘[OR=0.35,95%CI(0.23,0.52),P0.001]、口腔炎[OR=0.24,95%CI(0.13,0.43),P0.001]等的发生率。两组研究资料在恶心、呕吐、腹痛发生率方面差异均无统计学意义。结论现有证据表明,布拉酵母菌作为三联疗法的辅助手段,可以提高幽门螺杆菌的根除率,并减少儿童治疗相关腹泻、便秘、口腔炎的发生率。但受纳入样本量和质量限制,需进一步开展大规模高质量随机对照试验加以验证。     

生命早期益生菌干预预防儿童过敏性疾病的Meta分析CSCD

目的 系统评价生命早期益生菌干预预防儿童过敏性疾病的疗效。方法 采用计算机检索万方、中国知网、CBM、PubMed、Cochrane library、Embase和Web of science数据库有关生命早期益生菌干预对儿童过敏性疾病预防作用的随机对照试验研究,检索时间为建库至2020年9月,应用Stata 11.0软件对纳入研究进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入36篇随机对照试验文献。Meta分析结果显示,生命早期益生菌干预对预防湿疹(RR=0.84,95%CI:0.73~0.98,P=0.022)和食物过敏(RR=0.82,95%CI:0.68~0.98,P=0.028)作用显著,但对预防哮喘(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.80~1.06,P=0.231)、喘息(RR=0.98,95%CI:0.89~1.07,P=0.635)、过敏性鼻炎(RR=0.99,95%CI:0.78~1.26,P=0.945)和过敏性鼻结膜炎(RR=1.13,95%CI:0.86~1.49,P=0.376)无显著作用。结论 生命早期益生菌干预对儿童湿疹、食物过敏具有预防作用,但对哮喘、喘息、过敏性鼻炎和过敏性鼻结膜炎无预防作用,对于其机制仍需进一步研究。     

米卡芬净预防血液系统恶性肿瘤患者侵袭性真菌感染有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价米卡芬净预防血液系统恶性肿瘤患者侵袭性真菌感染(IFIs)的有效性及安全性,为临床治疗提供循证参考。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据,检索时限为建库起至2021年1月,收集米卡芬净(试验组)对比常规抗真菌药物(两性霉素B及三唑类抗真菌药,对照组)的随机对照试验(RCT),对符合纳入标准的临床研究进行资料提取并采用Cochrane系统评价员手册5.0.2进行质量评价后,采用Rev Man 5.3统计软件对突破性IFIs、真菌感染死亡率、全因死亡率及因不良反应停药的发生率进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9项RCT,合计2 479例患者。Meta分析结果显示,试验组患者突破性IFIs发生率[OR=0.74,95%CI(0.50,1.07),P=0.11]、真菌感染死亡率[OR=0.73,95%CI(0.46,1.17),P=0.19]和全因死亡率[OR=0.94,95%CI(0.69,1.28),P=0.7]与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义;因不良反应停药的发生率[OR=0.46,95%CI(0.32,0.66),P<0.0001]显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论米卡芬净用于预防血液系统恶性肿瘤患者IFIs的效果与两性霉素B及三唑类抗真菌药物相当,且安全性更高。     

双歧杆菌制剂辅助治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的系统评价与Meta分析

目的评价双歧杆菌制剂辅助治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的临床疗效。方法检索CNKI、维普、万方、PubMed、Embase等数据库,时间为建库至2019年8月,筛选随机对照试验(randomized controlled tests,RCTs)。采用RevMan 5.3软件对纳入的研究进行Meta分析,采用Cochrane系统评价工具评估文献发表偏倚。结果共纳入7篇较高质量的RCTs,Meta分析结果示:RR=1.21,95%CI=(1.14,1.27),Z=6.80,P0.01。结论双歧杆菌制剂可有效提高患者的总有效率,改善患者症状。但纳入文献存在一定的发表偏倚,仍需要更多的研究数据加以验证。     

芽胞杆菌治疗幽门螺杆菌感染疗效的Meta分析

目的评价芽胞杆菌(Bacillus)联合根除标准疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染的有效性。方法收集关于芽胞杆菌联合治疗H.pylori感染的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限为建库至2020年5月;对符合纳入标准的研究进行偏倚风险评价及Meta分析。结果最终纳入14个RCT。Meta分析结果显示芽胞杆菌联合治疗能提高H.pylori根除率(ITT分析:RR=1.13,95%CI:1.08~1.18,P0.001;PP分析:RR=1.13,95%CI:1.09~1.17,P0.001),降低不良反应发生率(RR=0.42,95%CI:0.35~0.50,P0.001)。根据亚组分析结果,芽胞杆菌联合H.pylori两种常规治疗方案[三联疗法(RR=1.22,95%CI:1.10~1.36,P=0.003),铋剂四联疗法(RR=1.11,95%CI:1.07~1.15,P0.001)]以及芽胞杆菌联合H.pylori常规治疗的两种疗程[10 d(RR=1.14,95%CI:1.04~1.24,P=0.006),14 d(RR=1.14,95%CI:1.07~1.21,P0.001)]均提高H.pylori根除率;而亚组分析芽胞杆菌种类中,地衣芽胞杆菌差异有统计学意义(RR=1.14,95%CI:1.10~1.19,P0.001),凝结芽胞杆菌与蜡样芽胞杆菌需扩大样本量进一步统计分析。结论芽胞杆菌联合疗法能有利于提高H.pylori根除率,并降低总不良反应的发生,相对于标准疗法有一定的意义。     

益生菌治疗中国儿童手足口病疗效Meta分析

目的系统评价补充益生菌对中国儿童手足口病的疗效。方法电脑检索资料库,包括知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Medline、The Cochrane Library。检索时间为建库至2020年3月,搜集有关益生菌辅助治疗儿童手足口病疗效的随机对照试验,由两位研究者独立筛选文献,提取数据并进行质量评价。运用RevMan 5.3软件作数据分析。结果共纳入12项临床研究,计943例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,补充益生菌可缩短患儿皮疹消退时间[MD=-1.20 d, 95%CI(-1.63～-0.77),P0.001]、体温恢复正常时间[MD=-0.67 d, 95%CI(-0.78～-0.56),P0.001]、食欲好转时间[MD=-1.08 d, 95%CI(-1.22～-0.93),P0.001],并提高3 d治疗有效率[OR=7.36,95%CI(4.09～13.23),P0.001]。两组患儿在副反应发生率方面,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论现有证据表明,益生菌作为手足口病的辅助治疗方法,可减轻患儿临床症状,缩短病程且不增加副反应发生率。     

布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的Meta分析

目的系统评价布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的疗效和安全性。方法在万方数据知识平台、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane图书馆等中检索布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的相关文献,并追索已纳入的参考文献。对文献进行评价与资料提取,使用Stata 14.0软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入12篇文献,共1 233例患儿(626例为试验组,607例为对照组),7篇文献采用止泻时间进行评价,显示布拉氏酵母菌能够缩短小儿轮状病毒肠炎腹泻时间[SMD=-0.73,95%CI(-1.05,-0.41),I~2=75.7%];5篇文献以住院时间进行评价,显示布拉氏酵母菌能够缩短小儿轮状病毒肠炎的住院时间[SMD=-0.99,95%CI(-1.24,-0.74),I~2=56.5%];10篇文献以总有效率进行评价,显示布拉氏酵母菌能够提高小儿轮状病毒肠炎的总有效率[RR=1.26,95%CI(1.19, 1.34),I~2=26.2%];仅有1篇文献报道了轻微的不良反应。结论布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎疗效显著,且不良反应轻微,值得临床推广应用。     

微生态制剂在儿童幽门螺杆菌根除治疗中 应用效果的Meta分析

目的系统评价微生态制剂联合标准三联疗法或贯序疗法在儿童幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)治疗中应用的临床疗效及其对治疗中抗生素相关不良反应发生的改善情况。方法计算机检索CNKI、VIP、Wan Fang Data、Pub Med、Web of science和The Cochrane Library数据库,搜集国内外公开发表的关于微生态制剂在治疗儿童H.pylori感染中应用的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均为从建库至2017年10月,同时人工检索相关文献的参考文献,以补充获取研究文献。由2位研究员独立筛选文献、提取数据并对纳入研究进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入17个RCT,共2 033例H.pylori阳性的儿童患者。Meta分析结果显示,微生态制剂+标准三联或贯序疗法vs标准三联或贯序疗法:微生态制剂+标准三联或贯序疗法在儿童H.pylori根除率方面优于对照组[OR=2.66,95%CI(2.09,3.40),P0.00001];总不良反应发生率明显低于对照组[OR=0.28,95%CI(0.21,0.37),P0.00001],差异均有统计学意义。微生态制剂+标准三联或贯序疗法组的恶心呕吐(P0.001)、腹痛(P=0.015)、腹泻(P0.001)、便秘(P=0.023)、纳差(P0.001)、味觉障碍或口腔炎(P0.001)发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论与标准三联或贯序疗法相比,微生态制剂+标准三联或贯序疗法安全、有效,能提高儿童H.pylori的根除率,降低H.pylori治疗中抗生素相关不良反应的发生。受纳入研究质量的限制,上述结论尚需开展高质量的RCT进一步验证。     

硝苯地平缓释片联合缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压疗效和安全性的Meta分析

目的：系统评价硝苯地平缓释片联合缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压的疗效和安全性。方法：计算机检索PubMed、CochraneLi-brary、CBM、CNKI、V1P等数据库,按照纳入和排除标准纳入依硝苯地平缓释片联合缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压的随机对照试验（RCT）,并补充检索纳入研究的参考文献;按Cochrane系统评价方法由两名评价员独立评价纳入文献质量、提取资料并交叉核对无误后,采用RevMan5．1软件进行统计学分析。结果：共纳入4个RCT,包括共450例患者,其研究质量均为C级。Meta分析结果显示：硝苯地平缓释片联合缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压的显效率[RR=1．29,95％CI（1．08～1．55）,P〈O．011、总有效率[RR=I．19,95％CI（1．10～1．29）,P〈0．01]和无效率[RR=0．38,95％CI（0．24～0．62）,P〈0．01]与单用硝苯地平缓释片比较,两组差异有统计学意义,两组有效率差异无统计学意义[RR=I．02,95％CI（0．97～1．32）,P〉0．01]。结论：现有证据表明：硝苯地平缓释片联合缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压在显效率,总有效率和无效率方面优于硝苯地平缓释片单用,不良反应与苯地平缓释片单用无明显差异,但远期疗效尚不清楚,尚需更多高质量的随机双盲对照试验证实。     

Job Loss,Unemployment and the Incidence of Hazardous Drinking during the Late 2000s Recession in Europe among Adults Aged 50–64 Years

Background

To estimate the incidence of hazardous drinking in middle-aged people during an economic recession and ascertain whether individual job loss and contextual changes in unemployment influence the incidence rate in that period.

Methods

Longitudinal study based on two waves of the SHARE project (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe). Individuals aged 50–64 years from 11 European countries, who were not hazardous drinkers at baseline (n = 7,615), were selected for this study. We estimated the cumulative incidence of hazardous drinking (≥40g and ≥20g of pure alcohol on average in men and women, respectively) between 2006 and 2012. Furthermore, in the statistical analysis, multilevel Poisson regression models with robust variance were fitted and obtained Risk Ratios (RR) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI).

Results

Over a 6-year period, 505 subjects became hazardous drinkers, with cumulative incidence of 6.6 per 100 persons between 2006 and 2012 (95%CI:6.1–7.2). Age [RR = 1.02 (95%CI:1.00–1.04)] and becoming unemployed [RR = 1.55 (95%CI:1.08–2.23)] were independently associated with higher risk of becoming a hazardous drinker. Conversely, having poorer self-perceived health was associated with lower risk of becoming a hazardous drinker [RR = 0.75 (95%CI:0.60–0.95)]. At country-level, an increase in the unemployment rate during the study period [RR = 1.32 (95%CI:1.17–1.50)] and greater increases in the household disposable income [RR = 0.97 (95%CI:0.95–0.99)] were associated with risk of becoming a hazardous drinker.

Conclusions

Job loss among middle-aged individuals during the economic recession was positively associated with becoming a hazardous drinker. Changes in country-level variables were also related to this drinking pattern.     

脑心通胶囊辅助治疗不稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效和安全性的Meta 分析

摘要目的：系统评价脑心通胶囊辅助治疗不稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效及其安全性。方法：计算机检索PubMed(1966～2012.3)、 EMbase(1974～2012.3)、Cochrane Library(2012 年第3 期)、CBM(1978～2012.3)、CNKI(1994～2012.3)、VIP(1989～2012.3)。纳入脑 心通胶囊联合常规药物治疗不稳定型心绞痛的随机对照试验(RCT),并补充检索纳入研究的参考文献;按Cochrane 系统评价方法 对纳入研究进行资料提取及质量评估后,采用RevMan 5.1 软件进行统计学分析。结果：共纳入11 个RCT,包括共1384 例患者, Meta 分析结果显示：与常规药物治疗相比,脑心通胶囊联合常规药物明显缓解不稳定型心绞痛患者的临床症状,差异有统计学意 义[RR=1.24,95%CI(1.18-1.31),P<0.01],提高了心电图的改善率[RR=1.35,95%CI(1.24-1.47),P<0.01]。结论：目前研究表明脑心通 胶囊辅助治疗不稳定型心绞痛的短期疗效明显优于常规治疗,但其不良反应和远期疗效尚不确定,需要更多高质量随机对照试 验进一步证实。     

The Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade Medications on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Meta-Analysis

Background

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the main complication of contrast media administration (CM) in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There are inconsistent results in the literature regarding the effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEIs] and angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]) on CIN. We evaluated the association between the administration of ACEI/ARBs and CIN, as well as the effect of ACEI/ARBs on post-procedural changes in renal function index, in patients undergoing CAG.

Methods

We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov for relevant studies. The primary search generated 893 potentially relevant articles. A total of 879 studies were excluded because they did not meet the selection criteria. Finally, 14 studies were eligible for inclusion. There were 7,288 patients that received ACEI/ARBs and 8,159 patients that received placebo or naive to ACEI/ARBs in the study. A random or a fixed effect model was used to calculate the pooled odd ratios (ORs).

Results

The risk of CIN was significantly increased in the ACEI/ARBs group compared to the control group (OR= 1.50, 95%CI: 1.03-2.18, P =0.03). The magnitude of association was significantly reinforced in the observational studies (OR=1.84, 95%CI 1.19-2.85, P=0.006) but not in the randomized controlled trials (OR=0.88, 95%CI 0.41-1.90 P=0.74). The summary adjusted OR of 4 observational studies was 1.56 (95%CI 1.25-1.94, P<0.0001) and was weaker than the unadjusted OR.

Conclusions

Although there is some evidence to suggest that the administration of RAAS blockers was associated with the increased risk of CIN in patients undergoing CAG, the robustness of our study remains weak. The results are based on small observational studies and need further validation.     

Prognostic Significance of KIT Mutations in Core-Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The prognostic significance of KIT mutations in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML), including inv(16) and t(8;21) AML, is uncertain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of KIT mutations on the complete remission (CR) and relapse rates and overall survival (OS) of CBF-AML. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched and relevant studies were included. Negative effect was indicated on relapse risk of CBF-AML (RR [relative risk], 1.43; 95%CI [confidence interval], 1.20–1.70) and t(8;21) AML (RR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.31–2.21), not on OS of CBF-AML (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.97–1.23), CR (OR [odds ratio], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.52–1.74), relapse risk (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.90–1.41) or OS (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.90–1.18) of inv(16) AML. Subgroup analysis of t(8,21) AML showed negative effect of KIT mutations on CR (OR, 2.03; 95%CI: 1.02–4.05), relapse risk (RR, 1.89; 95%CI: 1.51–2.37) and OS (RR, 2.26; 95%CI: 1.35–3,78) of non-Caucasians, not on CR (OR, 0.61; 95%CI: 0.19–1.95) or OS (RR, 1.12; 95%CI: 0.90–1.40) of Caucasians. This study indicates KIT mutations in CBF-AML to be included in the initial routine diagnostic workup and stratification system of t(8,21) AML. Prospective large-scale clinical trials are warranted to evaluate these findings.     

High Doses of Daunorubicin during Induction Therapy of Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Clinical Trials

The right dose of daunorubicin (DNR) for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is uncertain. Previous trials have shown conflicting results concerning the efficacy of high or low doses of daunorubicin to induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed AML. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to resolve this controversial issue. We compared the efficacy and safety of high doses of daunorubicin (HD-DNR) and traditional low doses of daunorubicin (LD-DNR) or idarubicin (IDA) during induction therapy of newly diagnosed AML. Data of 3,824 patients from 1,796 articles in the literature were retrieved and six randomized controlled trials were analyzed. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and event-free survival (EFS). The secondary outcomes included complete remission (CR), relapse, and toxicity. The meta-analysis results suggest that comparing HD-DNR with LD-DNR, there were significant differences in CR (RR = 1.19, 95%CI[1.12,1.18], p<0.00001), OS(HR = 0.88, 95%CI[0.79,0.99], p = 0.002), and EFS (HR = 0.86, 95%CI [0.74, 1.00], p = 0.008), but not in DFS, relapse, and toxicity. There were no statistically significant differences in any other outcomes between HD-DNR and IDA. The analysis indicates that compared with LD-DNR, HD-DNR can significantly improve CR, OS and EFS but not DFS, and did not increase occurrence of relapse and toxicity.     

Efficacy and Safety of Alfuzosin as Medical Expulsive Therapy for Ureteral Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background

Alfuzosin has been widely used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis, and is claimed to be a selective agent for the lower urinary tract with low incidence of adverse side-effects and hypotensive changes. Recently, several randomized controlled trials have reported using Alfuzosin as an expulsive therapy of ureteral stones. Tamsulosin, another alpha blocker, has also been used as an agent for the expulsive therapy for ureteral stones. It is unclear whether alfuzosin has similar efficacy as Tamsulosin in the management of ureteral stones.

Objective

To perform a systematic review and analysis of literatures comparing Alfuzosin with Tamsulosin or standard conservative therapy for the treatment of ureteral stones less than 10 mm in diameter.

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed in December 2014 using Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases to identify relevant studies. All randomized and controlled trials were included. A subgroup analysis was performed comparing Alfuzosin with control therapy on the management of distal ureteral stones.

Results

Alfuzosin provided a significantly higher stone-free rate than the control treatments (RR: 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–2.55; p<0.001), and a shorter stone expulsion time (Weighted mean difference [WMD]: -4.20 d, 95%CI, -6.19 to -2.21; p<0.001), but it has a higher complication rate (RR: 2.02; 95% CI, 1.30–3.15; p<0.01). When Alfuzosin was compared to Tamsulosin, there was no significant difference in terms of stone-free rate (RR: 0.90; 95% CI, 0.79–1.02; p = 0.09) as well as the stone expulsion time (WMD: 0.52 d, 95%CI, -1.61 to 2.64; p = 0.63). The adverse effects of Alfuzosin were similar to those of Tamsulosin (RR: 0.88; 95% CI, 0.61–1.26; p = 0.47).

Conclusions

Alfuzosin is a safe and effective agent for the expulsive therapy of ureteral stones smaller than 10 mm in size. It is more effective than therapeutic regiment without alpha blocker. It is equivalent to Tamsulosin in its effectiveness and safety profile. Adverse effects should always be kept in mind when use this class of drugs.