红葡萄酒对大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶和脂质过氧化的影响

选用雄性SD大鼠,分别灌胃红葡萄酒、酒精及水。实验90 d中每隔30 d处死一批动物,测定大鼠肝脏匀浆组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px)活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(Malondialdehyde MDA)含量变化。观察摄入红葡萄酒后大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性变化及对肝脏脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明,红葡萄酒能提高SOD活性,且SOD活性与灌胃时间、剂量有一定关系;长期红葡萄酒和酒精摄入可诱导CAT活性增强,加剧肝脏的脂质过氧化(LPO)作用;红葡萄酒组、酒精组0.63、1.25 g/kg剂量GSH-Px活性均明显升高(P<0.05),酒精组1.88 g/kg剂量有极显著性差异(P<0.01);试验初期,红葡萄酒大剂量显著降低肝脏中MDA的含量。试验中期,红葡萄酒中大剂量显著降低MDA含量。试验末期,红葡萄酒大剂量和酒精中大剂量显著升高肝脏中MDA含量。     

迷迭香对运动大鼠肝脏组织脂质过氧化损伤保护作用的研究

本实验选用SD(Sprague Dawley)大鼠,建立大强度耐力训练模型,研究迷迭香对运动大鼠肝脏组织脂质过氧化损伤保护作用。结果显示,1)迷迭香可降低血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性,升高肝组织丙氨酸氨基转移酶的活性,都有显著性差异(P<0.05);2)迷迭香可以不同程度地增强肝脏组织中抗氧化酶SOD(superoxide dis-mutase)、CAT(catalase)和GSH-Px(glutathione peroxidase)的活性,其中SOD和CAT的活性增加在安静和运动状态下都有显著性差异(P<0.05),GSH-Px的活性增加在运动状态下具有显著性差异(P<0.05);3)迷迭香可以降低肝脏组织中MDA(malondialdehyde)的含量,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:迷迭香可以增加肝脏组织中的抗氧化酶活性,减轻大强度耐力训练对大鼠肝脏组织造成的脂质过氧化损伤。并且在同一状态下对不同的抗氧化酶活性影响不同。     

板蓝根多糖对中华鳖小肠抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化的影响

研究了腹腔注射板蓝根多糖(IRPS)对中华鳖小肠抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化的影响.24只中华鳖分成4组,每天注射1.5 mg/只、 3 mg/只、 6 mg/只处理组和注射生理盐水对照组,连续注射3 d.结果 表明,3个IRPS处理组均能显著提高SOD、GSH-PX酶活性,极显著降低MDA含量,而且小肠SOD活性随注射剂量的增大而增强,MDA含量随注射剂量的增大而降低.3 mg/只注射组对GSH-PX酶活性提高最显著,1.5 mg/只剂量组能显著提高CAT酶活性,但3 mg/只、 6 mg/只剂量组对CAT酶活性无显著性影响.     

热休克对家蚕幼虫抗氧化酶活性的影响

热休克诱导各龄蚕组织中的SOD、CAT活性显著升高,如40℃诱导活性最高,CuZn-SOD和Mnop活性也都增加．40℃诱导GSH-Px活性显著升高,而36℃热休克诱导GSH-Px活性降低．幼蚕各部位的抗氧化酶活性存在很大的差异,以胸腹部最高,头部次之,后丝腺最低．热休克对抗氧化酶活性的影响,与幼蚕的生理状态相适应．通过SOD、CAT、GSH-Px协同作用,有助于维持机体正常生理机能．     

有氧运动对衰老大鼠骨骼肌线粒体能量代谢的影响

目的：探讨有氧运动对衰老大鼠骨骼肌线粒体能量代谢的影响。方法：将20只12月龄的雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为老年安静组（AC,n=10）及老年运动组（AE,n=10）,另取10只2月龄的雌性Wistar大鼠为青年安静组（YC,n=10）;安静组大鼠进行正常饲养,运动组大鼠进行坡度为5°,速度为15.2 m/min,第1天运动15 min、第2天运动30 min、从第3天开始每天运动45 min,每周6 d,共12周。12周后所有大鼠断头处死,取腓肠肌样本,差速离心法提取线粒体,测定SOD和GSH-Px活性、MDA含量、三羧酸循环限速酶（CS、ICD和α-KGDHC）活性及呼吸链酶复合体（RCCⅠ~Ⅳ）活性。结果：①与YC组相比,AC组骨骼肌线粒体SOD活性和MDA含量显著增加（P<0.05）,CS和α-KGDHC活性均显著降低（P<0.05）,RCCⅠ、RCCⅡ和RCCⅣ活性均显著下降（P<0.05）,RCCⅢ活性显著升高（P<0.05）;AE组骨骼肌线粒体SOD、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量均显著增加（P<0.01）,CS、ICD和α-KGDHC活性均显著升高（P<0.01）,RCCⅠ~Ⅳ活性均显著升高（P<0.01）。②与AC组相比,AE组骨骼肌线粒体SOD、GSH-Px活性均显著升高（P<0.05）,MDA含量显著下降（P<0.05）,CS、ICD、α-KGDHC和RCCⅠ~Ⅳ活性均显著升高（P<0.01）。结论：有氧运动可以提高老年大鼠骨骼肌线粒体抗氧化能力,降低脂质过氧化水平,提高三羧酸循环及呼吸链功能,促进线粒体能量代谢,延缓衰老过程中线粒体的退行性变化。     

维生素E对黄鳝繁殖性能的影响

摘试验采用单因子梯度设计。在试验中,维生素E设6个梯度,分别为10mg／k只、Ⅱ50mg／kg、Ⅲ125mg／kg、Ⅳ200mg／kg、Ⅴ275mg／kg、Ⅵ350mg／kg,前后进行175d饲养试验,以雌鳝性腺系数、产卵力、孵化率以及各组织中SOD活性、MDA含量等指标作为判据,研究了VE对雌鳝繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,随饲料中VE,含量的增加,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组雌鳝性腺系数、产卵力和孵化率显著提高（P〈0．05）,Ⅴ、Ⅵ组则提高不显著（P〉0．05）,卵中VE的含量反映了饲料中VE的含量。雌鳝卵巢中SOD活性,Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组比Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组显著低（P〈0．05）,相应地,MDA含量Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组雌鳝,虽然其卵巢中SOD活性较高,但因饲料中抗氧化性的VE。缺乏或不足,引发卵子脂质过氧化,MDA含量显著升高（P〈0．05）,导致卵质低下,从而影响了卵子孵化。综上所述,雌鳝饲料中添加维生素E,能有效地改善雌鳝的繁殖性能,其最适添加量为200mg／kg。     

镉对长江华溪蟹精巢抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化的影响

在实验条件下,将健康性成熟雄性长江华溪蟹Sinopotamon yangtsekiense暴露于0、7.25、14.5、29、58和116 mg/L浓度的镉(Cd2+)溶液中,分别于1 d、3 d、5 d和7 d时测定精巢中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氧酶(CAT)活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量.结果显示,不同时间段3种酶活性和MDA含量均具有浓度和时间效应关系,表明急性镉暴露对精巢有明显的毒性作用,其作用机制与抗氧化酶活力变化和脂质过氧化加剧有关.     

竹节参对大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体抗氧化能力的研究

目的:探讨竹节参对大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体抗氧化能力的影响,为该药运用于抗运动疲劳提供理论依据。方法:将大鼠随机分为安静对照组,大强度耐力训练组(训练组),大强度耐力训练+竹节人参组(训练加药组),测定心肌线粒体脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,研究竹节参对大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体的保护作用。结果:力竭运动引起大鼠心肌线粒体MDA、H2O2含量显著升高(P0.01),心肌线粒体抗氧化酶CAT、GSH-Px、SOD活性显著下降(P0.01);训练加药组大鼠心肌线粒体MDA、H2O2含量明显低于训练组(P0.01),CAT、GSH-Px、SOD活性明显高于训练组。结论:竹节参可明显提高大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体的抗氧化能力,保护心肌线粒体的氧化损伤。     

DBP致雌性仔鼠卵巢的氧化应激及VC的干预作用

为探明邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)宫内暴露对雌性仔鼠卵巢脂质过氧化水平的影响及维生素C(Vit C)的抗氧化应激作用。本研究将20只Wistar孕鼠随机分为5组,分别为高(500 mg/kg)、低(100 mg/kg)剂量DBP染毒组以及高(500 mg/kg)、低(100 mg/kg)剂量DBP+Vit C(125 g/L)干预组和对照(玉米油)组,每组4只。自妊娠第1~19天,每天1次灌胃染毒DBP(10 m L/kg);采用自由饮水方式进食Vit C(约40 m L/d)。待雌性仔鼠出生21 d时,取其卵巢组织,称重,并测定MDA、GSH含量和GSH-Px、SOD、CAT活性。研究发现,与对照组相比,高、低剂量DBP染毒组MDA含量均明显升高,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性均明显降低(p0.05)。高、低剂量DBP+Vit C干预组的仔鼠卵巢组织中MDA含量与相同剂量DBP染毒组相比显著下降,GSH-Px、SOD、CAT活性显著升高(p0.05)。综上所述,DBP宫内暴露可致雌性仔鼠卵巢组织产生脂质过氧化反应,诱导氧化应激,造成潜在生殖毒性,抗氧化剂Vit C对于DBP所致生殖系统的氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用。这为进一步开展DBP生殖发育毒性的机制研究和预防干预提供理论依据。     

顺铂诱导肾损伤过程中肾皮质脂质过氧化的变化

目的:探讨顺铂肾损伤过程中肾皮质脂质过氧化与肾小管结构改变的关系.方法:雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为生理盐水组、顺铂Ⅰ组、顺铂Ⅱ组、顺铂Ⅲ组,均为尾静脉注射给药,每天一次,连续五天.第六天取血测肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)含量,取肾皮质测丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,同时进行肾小管上皮细胞碱性磷酸酶组织化学染色和组织病理学观察.结果:顺铂组Scr、BUN明显升高,肾皮质MDA含量升高,SOD与GSH-Px活性降低,与对照组相比均有显著差异(P＜0.05),且肾皮质SOD活性、GSH-Px活性与Scr、BUN含量呈明显负相关(P＜0.05),肾皮质MDA含量与Scr、BUN含量呈明显正相关(P＜0.05).酶组化显示肾小管上皮细胞碱性磷酸酶大量丢失,病理切片结果显示肾皮质部分肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死.结论:顺铂引起肾皮质组织的破坏与肾皮质脂质过氧化增强有关,且随剂量增加肾皮质损伤加重.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparison of in vitro decomposition of bryophytic and tracheophytic plant material

The fossil record of bryophytes is generally poor and infertile plants attributable to liverworts and mosses could also be thalloid vascular plant gametophytes or herbaceous lycophytes respectively. The paucity of the bryophytic record could be the result of relatively rapid degradation of bryophytic material in comparison to that of vascular plants, the absence of lignified cells in bryophytes sustaining this belief. However, certain organs of bryophytes are as robust as those of vascular plants (e.g. spores) and the hydroxybenzofuran polymers produced by some mosses could be of similar preservational resistance to lignins. A simplistic experiment to test the relative resistance to decay of bryophytic material has been undertaken. Its findings suggest that bryophytic plant material has a similar preservational potential to that of a selected vascular plant, particularly in organic rich sediments. This result may be construed to imply that bryophytes were indeed less abundant in the preservational environments of the Coal Measures than might be expected on the basis of current palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.     

Genetic Analysis of an Emerging GII.P2–GII.2 Norovirus Associated with a 2016 Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis in China

<正>Dear Editor,Noroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to Caliciviridae and account for more than 50%of all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide and cause an estimated 200,000 deaths per year among children\5 years of age, primarily in developing countries (Hall et al. 2012; Glass et al. 2009). The norovirus genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs).     

Development of functional antibodies against influenza B virus by activation-induced cytidine deaminase in hybridoma cells

Highlights
1. Class-switch recombination was mimicked in hybridomas through a controllable expression system of activation-induced cytidine deaminase.
2. IgG antibodies were generated through this system in an anti-Flu B IgM hybridoma 7G1.
3. IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes of 7G1 present improved antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo.     

Development of a biosensor assessing SARS-CoV-2 main protease proteolytic activity in living cells for antiviral drugs screening

Highlights:
The biosensor reported in our study can monitor SARS-CoV-2 M^pro activity in living cells instead of in vitro solutions.
The biosensor reported in our study is sensitive and easy to operate.
It is suitable for high-throughput screening.
It has the potential to be used in small animal models.     

The structure of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Gc is revealed; many more still need an answer

Highlights
1. The structure of glycoprotein Gc, responsible for mediating membrane fusion between cell and CCHFV, is revealed, but many more mysteries remain.
2. Why do only antibodies against Gc have neutralizing effect, but not the one against Gn?
3. Why can NAbs against Gc only be protective in the animals in preventive settings, but not in the therapeutic administration?