血管内皮生长因子人单链抗体--基因克隆、高效表达、亲和力成熟及生物活性鉴定

利用抗体噬菌体展示技术, 克隆了血管内皮生长因子人基因工程单链抗体, 抗体表达量达菌体总蛋白的45%. 用层析柱复性技术同步完成抗体的纯化和复性. 生物活性实验表明, 该抗体不仅特异结合人VEGF165, 而且竞争抑制VEGF165与其受体的结合. 为了提高单链抗体的亲和力, 采用错配PCR法, 随机突变抗体重链可变区基因, 建立次级抗体突变库, 并从中筛选出高亲和力突变株. 研究了抗体突变株蛋白质三维结构特点及其与亲和力的关系, 这些结果不仅为肿瘤血管靶向治疗奠定了基础, 而且为抗体的高效表达及其亲和力体外成熟提供了参考模型.     

抗人黑色素瘤单链抗体基因的克隆和分泌型表达

应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术从分泌抗人黑色素瘤单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞ＨＢ８７６０中克隆了抗体轻、重链可变区基因,然后用（Ｇｌｙ４Ｓｅｒ）３连接肽基因将ＶＨ、ＶＬ连接成ＳｃＦｖ基因,并进行了序列测定．计算机分析表明ＶＨ,ＶＬ均符合小鼠抗体可变区的特征,为功能性重排的抗体可变区基因．ＶＨ、ＶＬ、ｌｉｎｋｅｒ拼接正确．ＳｃＦｖ基因全长７２９ｂｐ,其中ＶＨ基因长３６０ｂｐ,编码１２０个氨基酸,ＶＬ基因长３２４ｂｐ,编码１０８个氨基酸．在噬菌粒表达载体ｐＣＡＮＴＡＢ５Ｅ中表达了可溶性的ＳｃＦｖ蛋白,表达产物经流式细胞仪检测可特异地与黑色素瘤细胞结合,不与肝癌、胃癌及良性黑痣细胞结合     

抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因的构建及高效表达

采用重组ＰＣＲ技术将已获得的抗癌胚抗原鼠源单克隆抗体Ｅ７Ｂ１０重,轻链可变区基因经（Ｇｌｙ３Ｓｅｒ）３编码的寡核苷酸拼接成单链抗体基因,并在大肠杆菌中高效表达了单链抗体Ｃ端的融合蛋白,其表达量达到菌体总蛋白的２０％,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹图谱显示表达产物分子量为２７ｋＤ,与其基因编码蛋白的理论推算值相符。     

抗乙型肝炎表面抗原单链抗体(ScFv)的原核表达、纯化及鉴定

从抗HBsAg鼠单抗的杂交瘤细胞提取RNA,经反转录得到cDNA,进一步扩增得到鼠重链可变区基因(VH)和轻链可变区基因(VL),按VH-linker-VL的结构将VH、VL基因拼接成单链抗体(scFv)基因;经测序正确后进一步构建了表达重组体p26HBSc并在E.coli中表达,得到一约30kD的外源蛋白;纯化后经ELISA检测与HBsAg有较高的亲和力活性,为下一步的人源化改造奠定了基础。     

抗人CD19单链抗体基因的构建、表达及功能测定

采用RT-PCR方法从分泌抗人类白细胞表面分化抗原CD19单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞中克隆出V_H和V_L可变区基因,再通过重叠延伸拼接（spliceoverlap extension）PCR方法在V_H和V_L可变区基因之间引入连接肽(Gly4Ser)3,体外构建抗人CD19单链抗体（抗CD19-ScFv）基因。将其克隆至表达载体PET28a并在大肠杆菌中表达。SDS-PAGE和Westernblot分析结果表明,抗CD19-ScFv在BL21（DE3）菌中获得表达,重组蛋白的相对分子量为27kD,表达产物以不溶性包涵体形式存在,经过溶解包涵体,镍柱亲和层析纯化和体外复性过程,获得了高纯度的单链抗体片段。流式细胞分析结果证实抗CD19ScFv可与人类白细胞表面的分化抗原CD19结合,保留了鼠源性单抗与CD19结合活性。抗人CD19-ScFv的构建与表达,为下一步针对B淋巴系统恶性肿瘤的靶向治疗奠定了基础。     

抗CEA单链抗体与链亲和素融合基因的表达

克隆分泌CEA杂交瘤细胞重链可变区（V_H）和轻链可变区（V_L）,以Linker连接V_H及V_L构建抗CEA单链抗体.同时以Spacer连接单链抗体和链亲和素,构建成功单链抗体和链亲和素融合基因,克隆该融合基因至原核表达载体,pET21a(+),经IPTG诱导表达出该双特异性融合蛋白.活性鉴定表明该融合蛋白具有结合CEA及生物素的双特异性.该融合蛋白在生物领域中有较广阔的应用前景.     

表达抗α毒素单链抗体基因工程菌株的构建

将 2种抗A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素单链抗体 (ScFv)基因ScFv 2E3和ScFv 1A8分别克隆至表达质粒pUC119,pET 2 0b ,pET 2 8a和pHOG2 1中 ,构建了重组质粒 ,分别转化至相应的受体菌JM10 5 ,BL2 1(DE3)和XL1 BLUE中 ,得到表达ScFv的重组菌株。ELISA和SDS PAGE分析检测表明 :经IPTG诱导后所表达的ScFv目的蛋白主要形成了包含体的形式 ,但也有少量ScFv存在于重组菌株的培养上清和胞周质中。经薄层扫描分析 :重组菌株XL1 BLUE (pHOG 2E3)的蛋白表达产物分别占菌体可溶性蛋白的 4% ,重组菌株XL1 BLUE (pHOG 2E3)的蛋白表达产物占菌体总蛋白的相对含量为 2 2 % ,其相对分子量约为 31ku。表达的ScFv蛋白不但具有中和卵磷脂酶的活性 ,而且能够对致死性腹腔攻击α毒素的小鼠产生良好的被动保护作用     

人源抗TNF—α抗体Fab基因的单链化及其表达和纯化

构建人源抗TNF－α单链抗体基因,并尝试其在E.coli中的表达和纯化,采用人工接头,按VH－linkerVL的结构将人源抗TNF－a的VH,VL基因拼接成单链抗体（ScFv)基因,并将构建好的ScFv基因插入表达载体pQE30,转染E.coli M15,以IPTG诱导表达,Ni-NTA树脂纯化表达产物,构建的ScFv基因长723bp, 列分析表明,该序列拼接正确,SDS－PAGE显示,用重组的pQE30转化的M15菌经诱导后,有相对分子质量（M）约为52000的外源蛋白表达,Ni-NTA树脂纯化的表达产物纯度大于90％,因此,成功地构建了人源抗TNFa的ScFv基因,并在E.coli DH5a中表达和纯化的该基因的产物。     

抗克伦特罗单链抗体表达载体的构建与鉴定

为构建克伦特罗(Clenbuterol, CBL)单链抗体(scFv)表达载体, 实现其在大肠杆菌中的表达。以pCANTAB5E- CBL质粒为模板, 扩增CBL的scFv基因, 与pPICZaA载体重组, 然后以重组质粒pPICZaA-scFv为模板扩增scFv及其相连的6 个组氨酸(6×His)片段, 再与载体pBV220连接, 转化大肠杆菌DH5a, 阳性克隆质粒经酶切和PCR鉴定后进行目的片断的序列测定。重组菌经温度诱导表达重组单链抗体, 并通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting对其鉴定。采用竞争ELISA检测重组单链抗体的抗原结合活性。结果表明重组质粒pBV220-scFv含有插入片段, 与原序列的同源性达99.8%。重组蛋白的分子量接近37 kD, 能够被抗His标签单克隆抗体特异性识别且可被游离的CBL竞争性抑制, IC50值为4.55 ng/mL。这说明我们成功构建了重组质粒pBV220-scFv并实现了其在大肠杆菌中的表达, 为进一步进行CBL免疫法快速检测奠定了一定的基础。     

两种人源化单链抗体-尿激酶融合基因的构建与表达

Ｓｃｕ ＰＡ 32Ｋ是单链尿激酶 (Ｓｃｕ ＰＡ)分子的Ｎ端肽段被水解后的产物 ,其分子量小但具有与Ｓｃｕ ＰＡ相同的体内外生物活性[1] 。在过去的工作中 ,本实验室利用噬菌体表面呈现技术筛选到 1株对人纤维蛋白特异的鼠源单链抗体[2 ] ,并构建了鼠抗人交联纤维蛋白单链抗体—Ｓｃｕ ＰＡ 32Ｋ融合基因。为解决该融合基因在大肠杆菌中的高表达问题 ,通过在大肠杆菌中表达构建的一系列融合基因的缺失突变体 ,初步认定Ｓｃｕ ＰＡ 32Ｋ基因中两个连排的大肠杆菌稀有密码子ＡＧＧ(精氨酸 )是影响该融合基因表达的主要因素。用ＰＣＲ定位诱变法…     

鼠源抗HFRSV衣壳蛋白McAbF3株单链抗体基因克隆构建及表达

为了获得原抗ＨＦＲＳＶ衣壳蛋白ＭｃＡｂＦ３＾１株轻链可变区基因,由连接肽体外连接获得单链抗体基因,在大肠杆菌中表达,从鼠源抗ＨＦＲＳＶ衣壳蛋白ＭｃＡｂＦ３株细胞中分离总ＲＮＡ,以ｏｌｉｇｏ（ｄＴ）１８为引物逆转录成ｃＤＮＡ,通过ＰＣＲ扩增出抗体的轻链（ＶＬ）和重链可变区（Ｖ１１）基因,由连接本外连接获得单链抗体（ＳｅＦｖ）基因。将此单链抗体（ＳｅＦｖ）基因插入原核表达载体ＰＥＴ２８ａ,经大肠杆菌（     

Structure-guided affinity maturation of a single-chain variable fragment antibody against the Fu-bc epitope of the dengue virus envelope protein

Dengue is one of the most dominant arthropod-borne viral diseases, infecting at least 390 million people every year throughout the world. Despite this, there is no effective treatment against dengue, and the only available vaccine has already been withdrawn owing to the significant adverse effects. Therefore, passive immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies is now being sought as a therapeutic option. To date, many dengue monoclonal antibodies have been identified, most of which are serotype-specific, and only a few of which are cross-reactive. Furthermore, antibodies that cross-react within serotypes are weakly neutralizing and frequently induce antibody-dependent enhancement, which promotes viral entry and replication. Therefore, broadly neutralizing antibodies with no risk of antibody-dependent enhancement are required for the treatment of dengue. Here, we developed a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody from an anti-fusion loop E53 antibody (PDB: 2IGF). We introduced previously predicted favorable complementarity-determining region (CDR) mutations into the gene encoding the scFv antibody for affinity maturation, and the resultant variants were tested in vitro against the highly conserved fusion and bc epitope of the dengue virus envelope protein. We show some of these scFv variants with two to three substitution mutations in three different CDRs possess affinity constants (K_D) ranging from 20 to 200 nM. The scFv-mutant15, containing D31L, Y105W, and S227W substitutions, showed the lowest affinity constant, (K_D = 24 ± 7 nM), approximately 100-fold lower than its parental construct. We propose that the scFv-derivative antibody may be a good candidate for the development of an effective and safe immunotherapy.     

抗对虾白斑综合症病毒的单链抗体A1的表达和生物化学特性

用噬菌体展示技术制备了抗对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)的单链抗体A1。该抗体在30℃培养条件下诱导表达20h后,其蛋白表达量可达总菌体蛋白的3.67%。用亲和层析柱和SephadexG-100层析柱可将单链抗体A1纯化为一条单电泳条带,其分子量约为31.5kD。用等电聚焦电泳测定,其等电点为pH5.8。ELISA测定表明冻干的单链抗体A1在室温储藏4年后与WSSV结合仍具有较高的活力。       

Phage-derived fully human antibody scFv fragment directed against human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 blocked its interaction with VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) plays a critical role in tumor angiogenesis. None therapeutic antibodies targeting VEGFR‐2 are available in clinical use. Herein, we describe the screening of a new single‐chain antibody fragment (scFv) targeting extracellular domain 3 of human VEGFR‐2 (kinase insert domain‐containing receptor [KDR]3) from Griffin phage display scFv library. A comprehensive sequence analysis was performed to assign the framework and complementary‐determining regions. The scFv exerted particular binding sites to KDR3 on molecular docking, and the binding affinity was further convinced by binding analysis both in quantitative ELISA and real‐time kinetic determination by biosensors (K_D = 40 nM). Finally, the scFv was revealed to inhibit VEGF‐stimulated proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; IC₅₀ = 5 nM) and to inhibit HUVEC migration significantly at 17 nM. Taken together, our results indicate that we have successfully isolated a scFv which differentially recognizes KDR3 and has potential clinical applications in the treatment of angiogenesis related diseases. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 28: 981–989, 2012     

Genetically engineered intracellular single-chain antibodies in gene therapy

The delineation of the molecular basis of cancer allows for the possibility of specific intervention at the molecular level for therapeutic purposes. To a large extent, the genetic lesions associated with malignant transformation and progression are being identified. Thus, not only in the context of inherited genetic diseases, but also for many acquired disorders, characteristic aberrancies of patterns of gene expression may be precisely defined. It is therefore clear that elucidation of the genetic basis of inherited and acquired diseases has rendered gene therapy both a novel and rational approach for these disorders. To this end, three main strategies have been developed: mutation compensation, molecular chemotherapy, and genetic immunopotentiation. Mutation compensation relies on strategies to ablate activated oncogenes at the level of DNA (triplex), messenger RNA (antisense or ribozyme), or protein (intracellular single-chain antibodies), and augment tumor suppressor gene expression. This article will review in detail practical procedures to generate a single-chain intracellular antibody (scFv). We will emphasize in this article the different steps in our protocol that we have employed to develop scFvs to a variety of target proteins.     

Construction of expression vectors and study on single-chain antibody and reshaping single-domain antibody against CD3

Two vectors, pWAI80 and pROH80, for expression of single-chain Fv fragments (ScFv) were constructed. The anti-CD3 VH and VL genes were amplified from UCHT1 cells by RT-PCR and sequenced. Both genes were cloned in pWAI80 to express native ScFv and pROH80 for GST-ScFv fusion protein expression. The expression products were analysed by ELISA and Western blot. The combining site of OKT3 was modeled. Human Ig LS1 and Nd were selected as acceptors of CDRs of OKT3 VL and VH to construct a reshaping antibody against CD3. By comparing OKT3, LS1 and Nd with their own family sequences, some residues were changed and the reshaping VL and VH genes were designed. The full VH gene was assembled in three steps with eight chemically synthesized oligonucleotide fragments using overlapping PCR and sequenced. The VH gene was expressed as active protein in pCOMB3 and as inclusion bodies in pGEX-4T-1 by ELISA and Western blot analysis. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and “863” Plan.     

Anti-oligomeric Abeta single-chain variable domain antibody blocks Abeta-induced toxicity against human neuroblastoma cells

The Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is a major component of the amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies suggest that the most toxic forms of Aβ are small, soluble oligomeric aggregates. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a single-chain variable domain (scFv) antibody isolated against oligomeric Aβ using a protocol developed in our laboratory that combines phage display technology and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Starting with a randomized, single framework phage display library, after three rounds of selection against oligomeric Aβ, we identified an scFv that bound oligomeric Aβ specifically, but not monomeric or fibrillar forms. The anti-oligomeric scFv inhibits Aβ aggregation and toxicity, and reduces the toxicity of preformed oligomeric Aβ towards human neuroblastoma cells. When used to probe samples of human brain tissue, the scFv reacted with AD tissue but not a healthy control or Parkinson's disease brain samples. The anti-oligomeric Aβ scFv therefore has potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications in specifically targeting or identifying the toxic morphologies of Aβ in AD brains.     

Optimal conditions for the expression of a single-chain antibody (scFv) gene in Pichia pastoris

A Pichia pastoris system was used to express a single-chain antibody (scFv) targeted against Mamestra configurata (bertha armyworm) serpins. To improve scFv production we examined parameters such as proteinase activity, temperature, cell density, osmotic stress, medium composition, pH, and reiterative induction. P. pastoris was found to express several proteases; however, adjustment of medium pH to limit their activity did not correlate with increased scFv recovery. Induction medium pH values of 6.5-8.0 were most conducive to scFv production, despite significant differences in cell growth rates. Increasing inoculum density limited growth potential but gave rise to higher levels of scFv production. Three factors, medium composition, pre-induction osmotic stress, and temperature, had the greatest effects on protein production. Supplementation of the induction medium with arganine, casamino acids, or EDTA increased scFv production several fold, as did cultivation under osmotic stress conditions during pre-induction biomass accumulation. Incubation at 15 versus 30 degrees C extended the period whereby cells were capable of producing scFv from 1 to 7 days. Under optimal conditions, yeast cultures yielded 25 mg/L of functional scFv and could be subject to five reiterative inductions.     

Biophysical properties of human antibody variable domains

There are great demands on the stability, expression yield and resistance to aggregation of antibody fragments. To untangle intrinsic domain effects from domain interactions, we present first a systematic evaluation of the isolated human immunoglobulin variable heavy (V(H)) and light (V(L)) germline family consensus domains and then a systematic series of V(H)-V(L) combinations in the scFv format. The constructs were evaluated in terms of their expression behavior, oligomeric state in solution and denaturant-induced unfolding equilibria under non-reducing conditions. The seven V(H) and seven V(L) domains represent the consensus sequences of the major human germline subclasses, derived from the Human Combinatorial Antibody Library (HuCAL). The isolated V(H) and V(L) domains with the highest thermodynamic stability and yield of soluble protein were V(H)3 and V(kappa)3, respectively. Similar measurements on all domain combinations in scFv fragments allowed the scFv fragments to be classified according to thermodynamic stability and in vivo folding yield. The scFv fragments containing the variable domain combinations H3kappa3, H1bkappa3, H5kappa3 and H3kappa1 show superior properties concerning yield and stability. Domain interactions diminish the intrinsic differences of the domains. ScFv fragments containing V(lambda) domains show high levels of stability, even though V(lambda) domains are surprisingly unstable by themselves. This is due to a strong interaction with the V(H) domain and depends on the amino acid sequence of the CDR-L3. On the basis of these analyses and model structures, we suggest possibilities for further improvement of the biophysical properties of individual frameworks and give recommendations for library design.     

高效构建卵清白蛋白scFv噬菌体文库及其筛选

目的:建立一种高效噬菌体文库构建方法,获得抗鸡卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)的单链抗体(scFv)噬菌体展示文库,筛选鉴定获得OVA单链抗体。方法:用OVA蛋白免疫Balb/C小鼠,选取血清抗体效价高的小鼠提取脾脏RNA,利用RT-PCR方法扩增获得小鼠重链和小鼠轻链基因。通过无缝连接酶一步将小鼠重链基因、轻链基因和linker DNA连接起来,插入噬菌体表达载体中,构建OVA scFv噬菌体展示文库。测定文库容量,对文库进行富集筛选,ELISA鉴定阳性克隆,测序后构建真核表达载体,转入Expi-CHO悬浮细胞进行真核表达,利用Western blot进行鉴定。结果:成功获得库容量为1. 2×10~7cfu的OVA scFv噬菌体展示文库,并从中筛选出8个阳性克隆,选取效价最高的2号克隆,在Expi-CHO悬浮细胞中表达获得可溶性抗体。结论:建立了一种高效构建scFv噬菌体文库的方法,筛选获得高结合活性的OVA单链抗体,并成功进行了真核表达,为OVA ELISA检测试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。