放线菌制剂对人参生长及根域土壤微生物区系的影响

以小兴安岭地区人参为研究对象,探索放线菌制剂对人参的促生效应及对人参根区、根表土壤微生物区系的影响.结果表明： 经放线菌制剂Streptomyces pactum（Act12）处理后,人参药用部分产量增加,品质改善;叶片诱导酶活性提高,根系活力增强;土壤中细菌、放线菌的数量和比例显著增加,真菌的数量和比例减少.与对照相比,土壤微生物区系结构改变:优势菌荧光假单胞菌、韩国假单胞菌和氧化微杆菌在根区、根表土壤中的数量大幅提高;病原真菌烟色织孢霉在根区土壤中减少,在根表土壤中消失.表明施用放线菌制剂Act12能够改善土壤微生物区系,提高人参植株的抗性和根系活力,增加产量并改善品质.     

小型生物反应器内人参不定根的人参皂苷累积

对小型生物反应器(3~10 L)培养人参不定根的生长和人参皂苷(Rg1、Re、Rb1)的累积规律,以及蔗糖浓度、初始接种量对其生长和人参皂苷累积的影响进行研究。结果表明:小型生物反应器内人参不定根的最佳收获周期为7周。初始接种量和蔗糖浓度影响生物反应器内人参不定根的生长和人参皂苷的累积,20或40 g/L蔗糖对人参不定根的生长和人参皂苷的累积优于60 g/L蔗糖;5和10 L生物反应器内最佳初始接种量分别为15和30g,其不定根的生长量分别为9.29和19.17 g,人参皂苷含量分别为5.16和4.58 mg/g。生物反应器内培养7周的人参与栽培4年的人参相比,人参皂苷Rg1和Re含量相差不大,但栽培人参中Rb1的含量远高于生物反应器中所培养的人参不定根。     

微生物菌剂用于连续移栽人参实验研究

和大多数植物一样,人参存在着难以解决的不能重茬和连作的问题,应用化学方法和采用复合微生物菌剂进行土壤杀菌、土壤复菌等综合性处理试验后,找到了解决问题的关键,介绍应用复合微生物菌剂进行老参地、农田地移栽人参的研究结果。     

生物有机肥对胡桃树育苗地影响研究

目的：在胡桃树育苗地施用生物有机肥料,研究其对胡桃树育苗地的影响。方法：施用的肥料量分别为20g／m2、40g／m2、60g/m2。结果：生物有机肥料可以使育苗地土壤的氟细菌、磷细菌和钾细菌的数量提高5—8％,土壤呼吸强度、有机质含量、水解性氮、磷、钾等指标提高7～10％,株高、总重等生物学指标提高5—8％,结论：生物有机肥料可以改善胡桃树育苗地的土壤状况,促进胡桃树幼苗的生长发育。     

质膜NADPH氧化酶的活化与H2O2的产生介导内源激发子诱导人参悬浮细胞中PAL活性的提高与人参皂甙的积累

利用纤维素酶降解人参(Panax ginseng C．A．Meyer)悬浮细胞的细胞壁制备了内源激发子(CDW)。CDW体外诱导了游离人参细胞质膜NADPH氧化酶的活性,激发了活体人参悬浮细胞产生H2O2。CDW还可以诱导提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,促进人参鲨烯环氧酶基因(sqe)的转录与人参皂甙的积累。NADPH氧化酶的抑制剂不仅可以抑制CDW体外诱导的质膜NADPH活性而且还可以抑制CDW诱导人参细胞产生H2O2。进而,这些抑制剂还可以抑制CDW诱导PAL活性的提高,以及sqe的转录与人参皂甙的合成。过氧化氢酶与H2O2的粹灭剂也可以抑制CDW激发产生的这些诱导效应。上述结果表明CDW激发质膜NADPH氧化酶的活化与H2O2的产生在介导CDW诱导人参细胞抗性反应中,包括PAL活性的提高与人参皂甙的积累,起了重要的信号转导作用。     

不同年限对栽参土壤生物活性的影响

通过对不同年限栽参土壤微生物功能多样性和土壤酶活性的动态变化分析,探究人参生长年限与微生物碳源利用、土壤酶活性之间的相互关系,寻找人参生长与土壤生物活性之间的变化规律,旨在从生物活性角度分析人参连作障碍成因及为科学指导栽参提供理论依据。分析表明,随着人参生长年限的增加,AWCD值、物种丰富度指数和碳源利用丰富度指数均降低,而优势度度指数升高。土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶活性随栽培年限增加活性降低,而过氧化氢酶活性升高。相关性分析表明,微生物代谢与土壤酶活性关系密切,微生物种类多,奇异度高,微生态系统稳定,土壤酶活性高。因此,保证土壤微生物的多样性,保持土壤酶活性,是提高土壤质量的重要手段,也是解决人参连作障碍的有效途径。     

高压静电场(HVEF)对人参生长及土壤化学性质的影响

对人参植株施以一定强度的高压静电场(HVEF),在一个生长季节里,使人参增产12.6%.皂甙含量提高2.31%,人参中无机元素的含量明显提高,土壤中无机元素含量相应下降.这表明人工施加的正高压静电场可促进人参对土壤中无机无素的吸收及人参产量和质量的提高.     

高光效膜对人参生态的影响

1 引言 人参属五加科多年生草本药用植物,耐阴、喜生针阔混交林或杂木下,在强光照射下会发生日灼病,为避免这种伤害,长期以来,人们模拟野生参的生长环境,创造了全阴棚人参栽培法,挡住了中午强光的直射,但影响了透光量,从而影响到产量。近年来,随着人参栽培技术的进步,改全阴棚为透光棚,但并未根本解决问题。本文试图通过对人参生态的研究,进行人参栽培技术改革,从而提高了人参的产量与质量。     

人参皂苷化合物生物合成进展

人参皂苷是我国许多传统名贵药用植物的主要活性物质,在医药、保健品、营养品和化妆品开发领域有广阔的应用前景,特别是稀有人参皂苷具有显著的抗肿瘤、保护神经系统、保肝护肝等药理活性。但其在植物中含量低且不稳定,严重影响了人参皂苷类物质的开发利用。自20世纪末以来,随着生物技术的不断发展和多种生物基因组的测序和解析,使得人参皂苷通过异源细胞的生物合成来解决以上问题成为可能。因此,如何构建人参皂苷人工合成体系、调控人参皂苷生物合成及提高皂苷产量引起了越来越多的关注。综述了人参皂苷的异源人工合成途径的构建及其生物合成调控方面的研究进展,并针对人参皂苷生物合成及调控过程中存在的问题以及未来的研究方向进行了总结和展望。     

有机肥对陇东黄土旱塬冬小麦产量和土壤养分的调控效应

以冬小麦'陇鉴301'为材料,在大田条件下于2005～2008年在甘肃陇东旱塬研究了不同有机肥料对旱塬冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及土壤肥力的影响.结果表明:不同化肥有机肥料配施处理对旱塬冬小麦产量、水分利用效率和土壤养分含量有明显的调控效应,并以氮磷化肥与生物有机肥配施处理表现最佳,其籽粒产量、水分利用效率和土壤养分含量最高.与单施化肥对照相比,氮磷化肥配施生物有机肥处理3年平均籽粒产量和水分利用效率分别显著增加17.53%和16.42%,3年平均土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷含量分别提高11.4%、8.9%、0.2%、19.7%.因此,氮磷化肥与生物有机肥配施可以有效改善陇东黄土旱塬区农田土壤肥力,提高冬小麦水分利用效率,显著增加冬小麦产量,可能是该区农田目前最佳的施肥方式.     

The synthesis of 13- - - -15, 16-dihydroxyprostaglandins

Both pairs of -ll-desoxy- and -13- - -15, 16-dihydroxyprostaglandins have been synthesized via 1,4-conjugate additions of an appropriately functionalized -vinyl cuprate to the requisite cyclopentenone. These prostaglandin analogs are considerably less potent than PGE₂ as gastric secretion inhibitors or as bronchodilators.     

Synthesis of protected peptides with the sequence 8-13-1-3 and 4-13-1-3 of mycobacillin and their analogs

We have synthesized both a protected nonapeptide of the mycobacillin 8-13-1-3 amino acid sequence and a protected tridecapeptide of the 4-13-1-3 sequence, which are a fragment and a open chain analog of this antibiotic, respectively. Some of their analogs with a reversed configuration of the amino acids at fixed positions have also been synthesized. The nonapeptides were obtained by coupling partially protected mycobacillin fragments with the sequence 8-10 and 11-13-1-3 while the tridecapeptides were synthesized by coupling partially protected fragments 4-7 and 8-13-1-3. Configuration analogs of these fragments were also used. The coupling methods applied were DCCI/HONSu or DCCI/HOBt. The purification of the synthesized peptides was achieved by means of recrystallization or column chromatography on silica gel. They were characterized mainly by m.p., degree of optical rotation, elemental and amino acid analysis.     

Preparation of alkyl (R)-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate by acidic alcoholysis of poly-(R)-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate

An efficient method for the preparation of optically active alkyl (R)-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrates by chemical depolymerization of biopolymer, poly-(R)-(-)-(3-hydroxybutyrate), was established. This method consists of simple recovery of poly-(R)-(-)-(3-hydroxybutyrate) from bacterial cells followed by acidic alcoholysis. When poly-(R)-(-)-(3-hydroxybutyrate) was purified by a simple digestion method that used 0.2 N sodium hydroxide, alkyl (R)-(-)-hydroxybutyrates were most efficiently produced by alcoholysis with anhydrous hydrochloric acid.     

Tiered Assembly of the Yeast Far3-7-8-9-10-11 Complex at the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Target of rapamycin signaling is a conserved, essential pathway integrating nutritional cues with cell growth and proliferation. The target of rapamycin kinase exists in two distinct complexes, TORC1 and TORC2. It has been reported that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and the Far3-7-8-9-10-11 complex (Far complex) negatively regulate TORC2 signaling in yeast. The Far complex, originally identified as factors required for pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest, and PP2A form the yeast counterpart of the STRIPAK complex, which was first isolated in mammals. The cellular localization of the Far complex has yet to be fully characterized. Here, we show that the Far complex localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by analyzing functional GFP-tagged Far proteins in vivo. We found that Far9 and Far10, two homologous proteins each with a tail-anchor domain, localize to the ER in mutant cells lacking the other Far complex components. Far3, Far7, and Far8 form a subcomplex, which is recruited to the ER by Far9/10. The Far3-7-8- complex in turn recruits Far11 to the ER. Finally, we show that the tail-anchor domain of Far9 is required for its optimal function in TORC2 signaling. Our study reveals tiered assembly of the yeast Far complex at the ER and a function for Far complex''s ER localization in TORC2 signaling.     

Divergent expression of claudin -1, -3, -4, -5 and -7 in developing human lung

Background

Claudins are the main components of tight junctions, structures which are associated with cell polarity and permeability. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of claudins 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 in developing human lung tissues from 12 to 40 weeks of gestation.

Methods

47 cases were analyzed by immunohistochemisty for claudins 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7. 23 cases were also investigated by quantitative RT-PCR for claudin-1, -3 and -4.

Results

Claudin-1 was expressed in epithelium of bronchi and large bronchioles from week 12 onwards but it was not detected in epithelium of developing alveoli. Claudin-3, -4 and -7 were strongly expressed in bronchial epithelium from week 12 to week 40, and they were also expressed in alveoli from week 16 to week 40. Claudin-5 was expressed strongly during all periods in endothelial cells. It was expressed also in epithelium of bronchi from week 12 to week 40, and in alveoli during the canalicular period. RT-PCR analyses revealed detectable amounts of RNAs for claudins 1, 3 and 4 in all cases studied.

Conclusion

Claudin-1, -3, -4, -5, and -7 are expressed in developing human lung from week 12 to week 40 with distinct locations and in divergent quantities. The expression of claudin-1 was restricted to the bronchial epithelium, whereas claudin-3, -4 and -7 were positive also in alveolar epithelium as well as in the bronchial epithelium. All claudins studied are linked to the development of airways, whereas claudin-3, -4, -5 and -7, but not claudin-1, are involved in the development of acinus and the differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells.     

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的研究现状及应用前景

介绍了S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的制备方法及稳定性研究现状,并对其临床应用及市场前景进行了分析。