海南霸王岭五唇兰两种生态型生态位特征

东亚特有种五唇兰自然状态下存在叶背红色和绿色两种生态型。对海南岛霸王岭地区的五唇兰群落中草本层生态位特征进行测定和分析,探讨两种生态型五唇兰在群落中的地位和作用以及彼此间的竞争关系。结果表明: 狭穗草、叶背红色型五唇兰和毛俭草在该层占据较大的重要值。叶背红色型五唇兰较叶背绿色型具有更广的生态位宽度; 拟金草和叶背红色型五唇兰以相似的生态位宽度值居该层物种生态位宽度的首位。两种生态型五唇兰均与该层其他大部分物种具有较大生态位重叠值,两者间的生态位重叠亦很大。这说明五唇兰对其生境有很好的适应性,两种生态型间可能存在较大的竞争。     

云南兰科植物新资料

报道了云南兰科植物13个新记录种：宽叶红门兰、触须阔蕊兰、毛葶玉凤兰、朱兰、长唇羊耳蒜、广西鸢尾兰、长叶山兰、黄兰、聚石斛、狭唇卷瓣兰、花蜘蛛兰、大尖囊兰、槽舌兰。     

广西植物区系新资料

经室内鉴定,共发现广西维管植物分布新记录12种1变种,即滇越水龙骨、云南穗花杉、安顺润楠、三开瓢、毛花松下兰、秀丽兔儿风、杯药草、长梗吊石苣苔、三苞蛛毛苣苔、唇萼苣苔、流苏蜘蛛抱蛋、宽叶线柱兰、长距美冠兰,其中杯药草属和唇萼苣苔属为广西分布新记录属,云南穗花杉为国家一级重点保护植物。列出了每个种的标本引证和地理分布。     

湖南的新记录植物(五)

报道了湖南植物分布新记录,其中新记录种10个,即短茎淫羊藿(Epimedium brachyrrhizum Steam)、婺源凤仙花(Impatiens wuyuanensis Y.L．Chen)、滑叶猕猴桃(Actinidia laevissima C．F．Liang)、江浙狗舌草(Tephroseris pierotii(Miq．)Holub)、卵叶韭菜(Allium ovalifolium Hand．-Mzt．)、细花虾脊兰(Calanthe mannii Hook．f．)、银带虾脊兰(Calanthe argenteo-striata C．Z．Tang et S．J．Cheng)、乐昌虾脊兰(Calanthe lechangensis Z．H．Tsi et T．Tang)、大花羊耳蒜(Liparis distans C．B．Clarke)和牛虱草(Eragrostis unioloides(Retz．)Nees ex Steud．);新记录变种1个,即多裂荷青花(Hylomecon japonica vat．dissecta(Franch．et Savat．)Fedde)。     

宽叶兔儿风花序侧生分枝的变异式样以及分枝兔儿风的分类地位问题

宽叶兔儿风Ainsliaealatifolia花序主轴上的侧生分枝通常被描述为由单个或2–4个头状花序聚集而组成的簇生花序。作者在野外和标本馆中仔细研究了该种居群内侧生分枝花序形态的变异,依据其简化和集中的程度在居群内区分出3种花序类型:简单的复合聚伞花序、复杂的复合聚伞花序以及两者之间的过渡类型,具有后面两种类型的个体在居群内少见。这一发现不仅为探讨兔儿风属内各种花序的演化提供了新的线索,而且为理清宽叶兔儿风这一地理广布种的分类学问题提供了新的视野。居群内有些侧生分枝为复杂的复合聚伞花序类型的个体整个花序的主轴折断了,这是由于整个主轴顶端部分被昆虫蛀食或者其他外力造成的。值得注意的是分枝兔儿风Ainsliaealatifoliavar.ramifera的主模式就属于这种情况。分枝兔儿风和宽叶兔儿风原变种之间在分布区、生境以及物候上并没有明显的分化,因此分枝兔儿风被处理成宽叶兔儿风的异名。     

西藏种子植物分布新资料

本文报道了分布于西藏的4个中国新记录种, 即须弥四带芹(Tetrataenium wallichii)、巴洛特栎(Quercus baloot)、尼泊尔姜味草(Clinopodium nepalense)和喜马拉雅耳稃草(Garnotia emodi); 以及24个西藏新记录种, 即翼叶棱子芹(Pleurospermum decurrens)、线叶球兰(Hoya linearis)、尼泊尔菊三七(Gynura nepalensis)、一枝黄花(Solidago decurrens)、拟游藤卫矛(Euonymus vaganoides)、云南木鳖(Momordica subangulata subsp. renigera)、马㼎儿(Zehneria japonica)、攀援胡颓子(Elaeagnus sarmentosa)、四棱猪屎豆(Crotalaria tetragona)、大叶千斤拔(Flemingia macrophylla)、毛喉鞘蕊花(Coleus forskohlii)、独龙木姜子(Litsea taronensis)、长序大苞兰(Bulbophyllum purpureofuscum)、球花石豆兰(B. repens)、黄兰(Cephalantheropsis obcordata)、双角厚唇兰(Dendrobium forrestii)、密花兰(Diglyphosa latifolia)、云南盆距兰(Gastrochilus yunnanensis)、扁茎羊耳蒜(Liparis assamica)、耳唇兰(Otochilus porrectus)、疏花无叶莲(Petrosavia sakuraii)、长序羊角藤(Gynochthodes lacunosa)、黑蒴(Alectra avensis)和赤杨叶(Alniphyllum fortunei), 其中无叶莲科为西藏新记录科, 一枝黄花属(Solidago)、马㼎儿属(Zehneria)、千斤拔属(Flemingia)、鞘蕊花属(Coleus)、密花兰属(Diglyphosa)、无叶莲属(Petrosavia)、羊角藤属(Gynochthodes)、黑蒴属(Alectra)和赤杨叶属(Alniphyllum)等9个属为西藏新记录属。凭证标本均存放于中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN)。     

中国兰科植物四个新记录种

报道了中国兰科植物四个新记录种,反瓣叉柱兰(Cheirostylis thailandica),短茎对叶兰(Listerabrevi-caulis),凹唇石仙桃(Pholidota recurva),绿花大苞兰(Sunipia annamensis)。短茎对叶兰(Listera brevicaulis)二枚叶贴地着生,唇瓣先端二裂,裂片下翻并靠合;凹唇石仙桃(Pholidota recurva)的假鳞茎圆柱形,首尾相连,花偏向一侧,花序在中部向下弯,唇瓣前端略凹陷;绿花大苞兰(Sunipia annamensis)的花序长于叶,唇瓣心形,肉质,边缘向上翻卷。     

江西省种子植物分布新资料

报道江西省植物分布新记录3属6种,为袋果草Peracarpa carnosa (Wall.) Hook. f. et Thoms.、日本对叶兰Listera japonica Bl.、齿爪齿唇兰Odontochilus poilanei (Gagnepain) Ormerod、广东齿唇兰Odontochilus guangdongensis S. C. Chen et al.、革叶茶藨子Ribes davidii Franch.和蒲桃叶冬青Ilex syzygiophylla C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng,其中袋果草属Peracarpa Hook. f. et Thoms.、齿唇兰属Odontochilus Blume和对叶兰属Listera R. Br.为江西省新记录属。     

广西植物名录补遗Ⅵ——兰科4新记录属和13新记录种

广西壮族自治区位于我国南部，气候湿润，生境复杂，具有丰富的物种多样性。该文报道广西兰科植物13个新记录种，即旗唇兰[Kuhlhasseltia yakushimensis(Yamamoto) Ormerod]、紫茎兰(Risleya atropurpurea King&Pantl.)、指柱兰(Stigmatodactylus sikokianus Maxim. ex Makino)、二尾兰(Vrydagzynea nuda Bl.)、深圳拟兰(Apostasia shenzhenica Z. J. Liu&L. J. Chen)、拟泰国卷瓣兰(Bulbophyllum nipondhii Seidenf.)、南岭叠鞘兰(Chamaegastrodia nanlingensis H. Z. Tian&F. W. Xing)、垂叶斑叶兰(Goodyera pendula Maxim.)、四腺翻唇兰(Hetaeria anomala Lindl.)、褐花羊耳蒜(Liparis brunnea Ormerod)、聚叶钗子股(Luisia appressifolia Av...     

广西维管植物五新记录属

该文报道了广西维管植物5个新记录属和种，即双角草属(Diodia L.)、伏金腰箭属(Calyptocarpus Less.)、兔儿伞属(Syneilesis Maxim.)、凤头黍属(Acroceras Stapf)和落芒草属(Piptatherum P. Beauv.),以及隶属于该5属的双角草(Diodia virginiana L.)、金腰箭舅(Calyptocarpus vialis Less.)、兔儿伞[Syneilesis aconitifolia(Bunge) Maxim.]、山鸡谷草[Acroceras tonkinense(Balansa) C. E. Hubbard ex Bor]和钝颖落芒草(Piptatherum kuoi S. M. Phillips&Z. L. Wu)。其中双角草和金腰箭舅为归化种，文中提供了2个新归化种的形态描述和照片，并对其入侵性给予了评估；兔儿伞、山鸡谷草和钝颖落芒草为本土植物，提供了其特征集要描述和照片，并对其生物地理学意义进行了讨论。     

Comparative assessment of the Euglena gracilis var. saccharophila variant strain as a producer of the β‐1,3‐glucan paramylon under varying light conditions

Euglena gracilis Z and a “sugar loving” variant strain E. gracilis var. saccharophila were investigated as producers of paramylon, a β‐1,3‐glucan polysaccharide with potential medicinal and industrial applications. The strains were grown under diurnal or dark growth conditions on a glucose–yeast extract medium supporting high‐level paramylon production. Both strains produced the highest paramylon yields (7.4–8 g · L^?1, respectively) while grown in the dark, but the maximum yield was achieved faster by E. gracilis var. saccharophila (48 h vs. 72 h). The glucose‐to‐paramylon yield coefficient Y_par/glu = 0.46 ± 0.03 in the E. gracilis var. saccharophila cultivation, obtained in this study, is the highest reported to date. Proteomic analysis of the metabolic pathways provided molecular clues for the strain behavior observed during cultivation. For example, overexpression of enzymes in the gluconeogenesis/glycolysis pathways including fructokinase‐1 and chloroplastic fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (FBP ) may have contributed to the faster rate of paramylon accumulation in E. gracilis var. saccharophila . Differentially expressed proteins in the early steps of chloroplastogenesis pathway including plastid uroporphyrinogen decarboxylases, photoreceptors, and a highly abundant (68‐fold increase) plastid transketolase may have provided the E. gracilis var. saccharophila strain an advantage in paramylon production during diurnal cultivations. In conclusion, the variant strain E. gracilis var. saccharophila seems to be well suited for producing large amounts of paramylon. This work has also resulted in the identification of molecular targets for future improvement of paramylon production in E. gracilis , including the FBP and phosophofructokinase 1, the latter being a key regulator of glycolysis.     

Photocontrol of the polypeptide composition ofEuglena

Planta - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved total cellular protein fromEuglena gracilis Klebs var.bacillaris Cori into 650 polypeptides detectable by silver staining. Exposure of...     

An Ultrastructural Comparison of Euglena gracilis Klebs, Bleached Euglena and Astasia longa Pringsheim

SYNOPSIS. Some of the cytologic features of Euglena gracilis Klebs, Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris Gross (colorless), and Astasia longa Pringsheim were compared in an electron-microscope study. E. gracilis was readily differentiated from the colorless forms by the presence of chloroplasts. The 2 colorless forms were structurally similar; however, it was possible to differentiate bleached Euglena from Astasia longa by the presence of irregular plate-like aggregates of paramylum in the former; similar forms of paramylum were not seen in chloroplast-containing E. gracilis or in A. longa .     

The Effect of 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea on Chloroplast Development and Maintenance in Euglena gracilis: I. Ultrastructural Characterization of Light-Grown Cells by the Techniques of Thin Sectioning and Freeze-Etching 1

The ultrastructure of light-grown Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris was examined by the techniques of thin sectioning and freeze-etching. Thin sectioning revealed the typical organelles previously observed in chemically fixed Euglena. In addition to confirming the observations on thin sections, the freeze-etch technique has revealed the presence in E. gracilis of a complex multilaminar pellicle, and an ordered arrangement to the paramylon granule. The chloroplast thylakoids are particulate and similar to those observed in higher plants.     

省藤属四种植物的核型分析

报道了省藤属 (Calamus) 4种植物的核型 :小省藤 (C gracilis)的核型公式为 2n =2x =16m 10sm ,盈江省藤 (C nambariensisvar yingjiangensis)为 2n =2x =16m 10sm ,宽刺藤 (C platyacanthus)为 2n =2x =14m 12sm ,高地省藤 (C nambariensisvar alpinus)为 2n =2x =14m 12sm。其体细胞染色体数均为 2n =2 6 ,核型不对称性类型为 2B ,说明其种间染色体核型差异小。但小省藤臂比值大于 2的染色体占 12 % ,而宽刺藤、盈江省藤和高地省藤为 30 % ,说明在系统发育中 ,前者可能更为原始     

天目山常绿阔叶林优势种群及其空间分布格局

常绿阔叶林是浙江省天目山国家级自然保护区重点保护植被类型,研究常绿阔叶林优势种群及其空间分布格局,可正确认识优势种群在常绿阔叶林中的地位和作用,为常绿阔叶林的保护和恢复重建提供理论依据。在天目山国家级自然保护区内,选择典型常绿阔叶林设置样地,样地大小100 m×100 m。用全站仪测定每株树木坐标。用优势度分析法确定群落优势种。采用Ripley'sK(d)函数分析优势种群空间分布格局和种间关联关系。结果表明,常绿阔叶林的优势树种数随大小级的增大而增加,但优势树种的聚集程度却降低。常绿灌木连蕊茶(Camellia fraterna)在幼苗、幼树中占绝对优势。在中树和大树中,以细叶青冈(Cyclobalanopsis gracilis)、青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)和短尾柯(Lithocarpus brevicaudatus)为主,形成多优势种结构特征。连蕊茶、细叶青冈和青冈具有较稳定的显著聚集分布特征。豹皮樟(Litsea coreana var. sinensis)和短尾柯的分布格局波动较大。从整体上看,5个优势种群的分布格局都呈显著聚集分布特征。连蕊茶与细叶青冈、短尾柯、豹皮樟,以及细叶青冈与短尾柯、青冈与豹皮樟都有较强的物种空间依赖性。青冈和短尾柯相互独立生长,有显著负关联性。同科、属的细叶青冈和青冈也表现出显著负关联性。研究认为,种间关联关系具有传递性,可以从已知3个种的两对种间关联关系推出第三对种间关联关系。已知种间关联关系越显著,且尺度范围越宽,那么种间关联关系传递的稳定性也越高。结果认为,常绿阔叶树种是天目山国家级自然保护区常绿阔叶林群落的优势种,优势种均呈显著聚集分布,多数优势种间有较强的种间关联性。     

中国樟科新分类群

描写了西藏墨脱县的９个新种和两个新变种,它们是墨脱油丹、西藏球楠、扁果木姜子、勃生木姜子、少花木姜子、树志木姜子、柔毛长蕊木姜子（变种）、西藏新木姜子（变种）、纤枝钓樟等。     

The Effect of Acetate on Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris as a Function of Environmental Conditions

SYNOPSIS. Acetate, a widely used substrate for the growth of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris , becomes lethal to these organisms at pH's below 5.0. The kinetics, as well as the extent of acetate-induced death, depend upon both the hydrogen ion and acetate concentrations. Formic, propionic, butyric, and fluoroacetic acids also kill E. gracilis at low pH's, whereas fumaric, malic, succinic and pyruvic acids do not under these conditions.
It is suggested that death is caused by a lowering of the intra-cellular pH, due to the release of hydrogen ion brought into the cell by freely penetrating undissociated acetate molecules.     

Purification, characterization, and immunological properties of fumarase from Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris.

A rapid three-step procedure utilizing heat treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and affinity chromatography on Matrex gel Orange A purified fumarase (EC 4.2.1.2) 632-fold with an 18% yield from crude extracts of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris. The apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme was 120,000 as determined by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. The preparation was over 95% pure, and the subunit molecular weight was 60,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that the enzyme is a dimer composed of two identical subunits. The pH optimum for E. gracilis fumarase was 8.4. The Km values for malate and fumarate were 1.4 and 0.031 mM, respectively. Preparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to further purify the enzyme for antibody production. On Ouchterlony double-immunodiffusion gels, the antifumarase serum gave a sharp precipitin line against total E. gracilis protein and purified E. gracilis fumarase. It did not cross-react with purified pig heart fumarase. On immunoblots of purified E. gracilis fumarase and crude cell extracts of E. gracilis, the antibody recognized a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximately 60,000, indicating that the antibody is monospecific. This polypeptide was found in E. gracilis mitochondria. The antibody cross-reacted with an Escherichia coli protein whose molecular weight was approximately 60,000, the reported molecular weight of the fumA gene product of E. coli, but it failed to cross-react with proteins found in crude mouse cell extracts, Bacillus subtilis extracts, or purified pig heart fumarase.     

我国硅藻植物新记录

笔者于1985年5月对安徽省潜山县天柱山的硅藻植物进行了初步调查,经鉴定有2科,3属、3种及2变种和1变型为我国分布新记录。