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1.
李咏红 《水生生物学报》2022,46(10):1535-1545
以北京房山区琉璃河湿地公园为例, 针对该区水质污染严重、水生态退化及景观单一等问题, 统筹考虑区域生态环境特征及历史文化底蕴, 以水质改善、水生态健康稳定、水景观协调为目标, 基于水环境水生态、水景观“三位一体+”的生态综合治理理念, 采用水系廊道连通、人工湿地及构建水生态系统等一系列适合区域环境特点的关键技术, 逐步实现河流湿地水系连通、河湖水质提升、恢复水生态、打造水景观, 建设成集水文调蓄、生物多样性保护、水质净化及休闲娱乐为一体的城市湿地公园, 协同湿地保护与城市发展战略需求。湿地公园生态修复方案可为北方湿地公园的生态修复提供相应的借鉴。  相似文献   

2.
基于ArcView-WOE的下辽河平原地下水生态系统健康评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
孙才志  杨磊 《生态学报》2012,32(4):1016-1027
地下水生态系统是生态系统的重要类型,随着社会经济的发展,地下水资源与环境压力日益增大,地下水生态系统健康问题已经成为人类重点关注的环境问题之一。以ArcView为平台,以下辽河平原硝酸盐氮浓度为响应因子,并从地下水系统结构特征、区域自然条件、外界压力、资源与保护和生态环境5个方面建立证据因子的图层数据库,利用证据权重法(WOE)对下辽河平原地下水生态系统健康进行评价,得到硝酸盐氮后验概率分布图。结果表明:下辽河平原的西北、东北部、东南部及抚顺和辽阳地区地下水生态系统健康处于相对高和较高概率区,东部山前冲洪积平原及下辽河平原的周边地区处于中等概率区,下辽河平原的中部平原、南部滨海平原地区处于相对低和较低概率区。将地下水水质监测点硝酸盐氮含量与后验概率分布图进行对比分析,发现二者对应性较好,这说明WOE可以用于地下水生态系统健康评价,其概率表现形式能够有效的弥补传统生态系统健康评价结果是一个具体值(或等级)而无法反映生态系统健康不确定性的不足。  相似文献   

3.
地下水生态系统健康评价指标体系的构建   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
孙才志  刘玉玉 《生态学报》2009,29(10):5665-5674
地下水生态系统是重要的生态系统类型,由于地下水资源不合理的开发利用和污染物排放强度的增大、并长期积累,已导致许多地方产生生态环境劣变,甚至酿成难以弥补的严重后果,地下水生态系统健康问题已经成为许多国家和地区重点关注的环境问题之一.在科学把握地下水生态系统健康的概念和内涵的基础上,从系统结构特征、生态功能、资源功能、系统保护以及社会环境等5个方面选取了29个典型指标构建了地下水生态系统健康指标体系,对关键评价指标的意义进行了具体分析.出于服务于地下水生态系统健康评价的目的,对重要指标的评价标准进行了划分,并探讨了地下水生态系统健康评价的主要方法及发展方向,研究成果在一定程度上可以丰富生态系统健康评价研究理论与方法体系.  相似文献   

4.
人类对流域水资源的过度开发与超负荷利用,使水生态系统的健康受到了日益严重的影响,并直接威胁到社会经济的可持续发展以及人类的生存环境。本研究通过对松花江流域水生态系统的调查,结合国内外现有的研究成果,构建了基于水质与生物指标两个方面的水生态系统健康评价指标体系,并辅以综合污染指数法计算出各样点的健康评价得分,对松花江流域的水生态系统健康进行综合评价。松花江流域上游的健康状况良好,中下游部分区域的健康评价为一般和差;各样点之间的健康状况评价中,营养盐指标与浮游藻类、鱼类指标之间的相关性显著,而生物学指标的评价结果整体好于水质指标。结果表明,松花江流域水生态系统的健康在整体上处于中等水平。  相似文献   

5.
赵海霞  蒋晓威  刘燕 《生态学报》2018,38(3):866-875
水生态健康已成为区域环境管理的新目标及国内外生态环境领域研究的热点。在快速工业化和城市化推动下,巢湖环湖地区出现了水质恶化、植被消亡与生态系统功能退化等水生态健康问题,旨在通过环湖地区的空间开发管制分区,处理好开发与保护的关系,实现环湖地区水生态系统持续、健康发展。应用Arc GIS空间分析平台,构建由水生态敏感性和水生态压力组成的分区评价指标体系,以500 m×500 m网格为评价单元,通过单要素与多要素的综合评价,借助二维关联矩阵分析,进行空间开发管制分区,据此提出差别化的区域开发与生态环境保护导向。结果表明:巢湖环湖地区从空间单元上可确定为低敏低压区、低敏高压区、高敏低压区、高敏高压区4种类型区;水生态敏感性较高的环湖主要入湖河流两侧,以加强生态修复和环境保护为主;滨湖新区北部、巢湖市区及各镇镇中心水生态压力较大,迫切需要转型升级,实施严格的环境准入条件和污染排放标准;虽然环湖乡镇大部分地区水生态敏感性和水生态压力相对较低,可依托本地优势资源,因地制宜、错位发展,但严格控制新增污染物排放、维护水生态健康发展是首要任务。  相似文献   

6.
辽宁省辽河水生态系统健康评价   总被引:21,自引:1,他引:20  
2009年6—8月,在对辽宁省辽河铁岭段、沈阳段、盘锦段20个断面水文、水质、着生藻类、栖息地状况实地调查的基础上,采用主成分分析方法,进行指标的筛选与指标权重的确定,构建了该河流水生态系统健康评价指标体系和健康评价标准体系,并用改进的灰色关联度法对辽河6个断面的水生态系统健康状况进行了评价.结果表明:辽宁省辽河3个评价断面的水生态系统健康程度一般,2个评价断面分别为较差和极差,仅有1个评价断面达到了亚健康程度,说明辽河河流水生态系统生态退化严重,需要进一步加强辽河水系的生态恢复及水环境污染综合治理.  相似文献   

7.
以保护珍禽及其赖以生存的湖河湿地、草原生态系统为主的达赉湖国家级自然保护区位于内蒙古东北部呼伦贝尔盟,恰处于中华“雄鸡”的头冠部。 达赉湖被称为“呼伦湖”或“呼伦池”。“达赉”是蒙语中海洋的意思,湖区人民称这个方圆400多公里的大湖为“海一样的湖”真是名副其实。  相似文献   

8.
为探究河湖交汇区大型底栖无脊椎动物群落特征以及生态系统的健康状况,2020年9月和2021年4月以南四湖流域14条入湖河流的河湖交汇区为研究区域,开展水质、沉积物质量与底栖动物群落调查,共采集到底栖动物55种,隶属6纲15目39科。非度量多维尺度分析表明,春季各样点底栖动物群落相似性比秋季底栖动物群落相似性高,不同季节新薛河(S7)、蟠龙河(S9)和北沙河(S11)3个样点分别具有较高的相似性。冗余分析表明,水体中的总磷、CODCr和沉积物中的总碳是影响底栖动物群落的重要环境因子。生物耐污敏感性指数(BMWP)与水质特征相似,对南四湖流域河湖交汇区健康状况的评估具有较强的应用性。结果表明,南四湖流域主要河湖交汇区健康状况总体处在轻微-中度污染水平。本研究可为河湖交汇区生态恢复提供依据。  相似文献   

9.
对湖库湿地进行生态健康评价,可为湖库湿地生态系统修复和管理提供决策依据。本文以天津市为例,选取20个典型的湖库湿地采样点,基于2018年8—9月期间调查获取的物理、化学和生物群落指标(浮游动物、浮游植物、底栖动物、鱼类、水生大型植物、河岸带植物)数据,构建包含物理完整性、化学完整性和生物完整性在内的生态完整性指数(IEI)对采样点生态健康状况进行评价。根据栖息地环境质量(QHEI)、水质状况和人类活动干扰3方面选取参照点,采用标准化方法筛选候选指标,应用层次分析法计算各指标权重,最终得出天津市典型湖库湿地生态完整性评价结果。结果表明: 1)所有样点中,“健康”点位占5.0%,“较好”点位占20.0%,“一般”点位占35.0%,“较差”点位占30.0%,“差”点位占10.0%。天津市典型湖库湿地生态健康状况整体处于一般水平,呈现出西部优于东部的趋势,空间差异显著;2)基于栖息地评分、水质状况与人类活动干扰相结合选取参照点是可行的,依据水质指标可降低选择参照点时的主观性;3)适用性验证结果表明,IEI可较好表征各点位的健康状况,区分效率明显,适用于评价研究区湖库湿地生态健康状况。  相似文献   

10.
基于形态结构特征的洞庭湖湖泊健康评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
湖泊形态结构特征与湖泊健康水平密切相关,是评价湖泊生态系统、服务功能是否健康的基础。以历史文献、图件及1986—2010年水沙实测数据等资料为依据,选取洲滩出露频率、水动力条件和几何形态等3类共8个湖泊形态结构特征指标,采用突变级数法对典型年洞庭湖湖泊健康状况进行评价。结果表明:(1)东洞庭湖湖泊健康状况相对较好(隶属度平均值为0.7486),但波动较大(0.6775—0.7965);南洞庭湖次之(0.7311);西洞庭湖最差(0.7269),其健康相对隶属度波动最小(0.7026—0.7487);(2)近20a来,洞庭湖湖泊健康状况呈现"先恶化、后改善"的趋势。1998年其健康隶属度最低(0.6912),2004年值最高(0.7711),其余典型年的值介于二者之间。这充分说明"4350"工程实施、三峡水库蓄水运行等有效地改善了洞庭湖湖泊形态结构,使其朝健康方向发展。  相似文献   

11.
基于生态水文学原理的湖泊最小生态需水量计算   总被引:24,自引:4,他引:24  
崔保山  赵翔  杨志峰 《生态学报》2005,25(7):1788-1795
近几十年来,由于人类活动的加剧以及全球气候的变化,湖泊普遍出现了萎缩、水位下降、水量锐减、湖水盐化、水质污染、富营养化、甚至干涸消亡等状况。确保湖泊生态系统必需的最小水量是解决可能出现的湖泊严重水资源和生态系统危机的区域问题之一。从生态水文学原理出发,对湖泊最小生态需水量的概念进行了探讨,并提出了计算最小生态需水量的3种方法:1曲线相关法;2功能法;3最低生态水位法。在最低生态水位法中,其方法有最低年平均水位法和年保证率设定法。一旦湖泊最小生态需水量得以确定,将为水资源管理部门的水资源合理配置和湖泊管理提供综合性、权威性及可操作性决策依据,为退化湖泊生态系统的恢复与重建提供科学基础。  相似文献   

12.
气候变化与人类活动双重驱动的冷水湖泊富营养化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
吕笑天  吕永龙  宋帅  王铁宇 《生态学报》2017,37(22):7375-7386
富营养化对水生生态系统造成的负面影响已在世界范围内广泛发生,尤其对淡水水源地湖泊的水环境质量影响深远,进而引起当地居民的饮用水安全与健康隐患。在人类活动和气候变化的双重驱动下,富营养化辐射的范围不断扩大,从过去主要集中于温带大型浅水湖泊已经扩展到寒冷地区的冷水湖泊。分析了近年来世界范围内高寒地区冷水湖泊富营养化的趋势特征与研究进展,探讨了气候变化、人类干扰(农业活动、畜牧业生产、管理措施不当等)在不同地区冷水湖泊富营养化进程中的作用。在未来的研究中,应进一步加强对冷水湖泊富营养化机制的探讨,并对已有富营养化症状的湖泊进行生态修复,以确保冷水湖泊生态系统健康并改善饮用水源地的环境质量。  相似文献   

13.
Soda lakes are saline and alkaline ecosystems that are believed to have existed throughout the geological record of Earth. They are widely distributed across the globe, but are highly abundant in terrestrial biomes such as deserts and steppes and in geologically interesting regions such as the East African Rift valley. The unusual geochemistry of these lakes supports the growth of an impressive array of microorganisms that are of ecological and economic importance. Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria and Archaea belonging to all major trophic groups have been described from many soda lakes, including lakes with exceptionally high levels of heavy metals. Lonar Lake is a soda lake that is centered at an unusual meteorite impact structure in the Deccan basalts in India and its key physicochemical and microbiological characteristics are highlighted in this article. The occurrence of diverse functional groups of microbes, such as methanogens, methanotrophs, phototrophs, denitrifiers, sulfur oxidizers, sulfate reducers and syntrophs in soda lakes, suggests that these habitats harbor complex microbial food webs that (a) interconnect various biological cycles via redox coupling and (b) impact on the production and consumption of greenhouse gases. Soda lake microorganisms harbor several biotechnologically relevant enzymes and biomolecules (for example, cellulases, amylases, ectoine) and there is the need to augment bioprospecting efforts in soda lake environments with new integrated approaches. Importantly, some saline and alkaline lake ecosystems around the world need to be protected from anthropogenic pressures that threaten their long-term existence.  相似文献   

14.
Mixing patterns in Amazon lakes   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
The diel mixing patterns of two small floodplain lakes, Lago Jacaretinga in the Amazon drainage, and Lago Cristalino in the Rio Negro system, were investigated during both the high-water and low-water states of the Amazon River hydrograph. Measurements included temperature, oxygen, ammonia, phosphate, and chlorophyll. In both lakes thermal stratification developed during the day and was eroded at night. During the low-water period when the lakes were shallow, nocturnal circulation extended to the lake bottom, whereas when the lakes were deeper (greater than about 5 m), circulation did not reach the bottom and an anoxic hypolimnion developed. During the low-water period, percent of oxygen concentrations were relatively high but always less than saturation. Low oxygen concentrations were observed during the high-water period. At all times nocturnal mixing supplied a significant amount of oxygen to the lake ecosystems. Nighttime upward mixing of recycled nitrogen and phosphorus also appeared to be important nutrient sources for algal productivity.  相似文献   

15.
Aim Hydrological disconnection of floodplains from rivers is among the top factors threatening river‐floodplain ecosystems. To keep enough floodplain area is of great importance to biodiversity conservation. In the Yangtze River floodplain, most lakes were disconnected from the mainstream by dams in 1950–1970s. By analysing fish diversity data, we aim at determining the effects of river‐lake disconnection on fish diversity, at estimating the minimum protected area of river‐connected lakes and at proposing a holistic strategy for fish conservation in the mid‐lower reaches of the river. Location The Yangtze River floodplain, China. Methods We collected recorded data of fish diversity of 30 Yangtze floodplain lakes. Species–area relationships were analysed and compared between river‐connected and river‐disconnected lakes. Cumulative species–area models were constructed to estimate the minimum protected area of river‐connected lakes. Results River‐lake disconnection reduced fish diversity of Yangtze lakes by 38.1%, so that the river‐connected lakes play an important role in maintaining the floodplain biodiversity. The minimum protected area of river‐connected lakes was estimated to be 14,400 km2. Therefore, we should not only protect the existent connected lakes of 5500 km2, but also reconnect disconnected lakes of at least 8900 km2 in the Yangtze basin. Main conclusions Species–area relationships are of importance in reserve design. We suggest that cumulative species–area model might be more suitable for ecosystems with high connectivity among regions such as floodplains. As the Yangtze River floodplain is an integrative ecosystem, we suggest establishing a holistic nature reserve in the mid‐lower basin for effective conservation of biodiversity.  相似文献   

16.
Bacterial production in glacial runoff and aquatic habitats along a c. 500 m transect from the ablation area of a Svalbard glacier (Midre Lovénbreen, 79 degrees N, 12 degrees E) down to a series of proglacial lakes in its forefield were assessed. In addition, a series of in situ experiments were conducted to test how different nutrient sources (glacial flour and dissolved organic matter derived from goose faeces) and temperature affect bacterial abundance and production in these ecosystems. Bacterial abundance and production increased significantly along this transect and reached a maximum in the proglacial lakes. Bacterial diversity profiles as assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that communities in glacial runoff were different from those in proglacial lakes. Heterotrophic bacterial production was mainly controlled by temperature and phosphorus limitation. Addition of both glacial flour and dissolved organic matter derived from goose faeces stimulated bacterial production in those lakes. The results suggest that glacial runoff sustains an active bacterial community which is further stimulated in proglacial lakes by higher temperatures and nutrient inputs from bird faeces. Thus, as in maritime temperate and Antarctic settings, bacterial communities developing in the recently deglaciated terrain of Svalbard receive important inputs of nutrients via faunal transfers from adjacent ecosystems.  相似文献   

17.
This review summarises the existing literature and outlines the theoretical basis for using standard methods for sampling diatoms from rivers to sample littoral diatoms and other phytobenthos from standing waters. The European Union's Water Framework Directive has created a statutory obligation for EU Member States to monitor macrophytes and phytobenthos in lakes. Although there has been a considerable amount of work using phytobenthos (especially diatoms) to monitor river water quality in Europe, there are fewer studies on the use of phytobenthos for monitoring in lakes. European standard methods for sampling diatoms from rivers should be suitable, with only minor modifications, for sampling littoral diatoms from lakes and other standing water bodies. These recommendations should be applicable to all temperate regions.  相似文献   

18.
An integrated multi-disciplinary study of nine North African lakes (CASSARINA) aims to establish ecological baselines and to explore responses to 20th century human impacts on their ecosystems. Water chemistry measurements (1997–1998) demonstrate a wide range from dilute oligotrophic to calcareous freshwaters and from mildly brackish to hypersaline lagoons. The biota are consequently highly diverse. Aquatic ecosystem responses to environmental stress over the last 100–200 years in all nine lakes are summarised by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of plant and animal macrofossil, zooplankton, diatom, and pollen data from short sediment cores. DCA proved to be a powerful tool for summarising multi-proxy sediment records and ecosystem dynamics. Compositional changes measured by the DCAs have been very large and rapid, often over a few decades; as great as climate-controlled late-glacial changes over 2000 years and larger than most Holocene (11000 years) changes. These results emphasise the strength of human impact on the lakes and the surprisingly great resilience and dynamism of their ecosystems. The DCA summaries for the most recent decades indicate ecosystem disequilibrium in all the lakes, implying that their future stability is uncertain and that large or damaging changes may soon occur if the stresses are maintained. Thresholds have recently been passed in 3 lakes. During the project, Merja Bokka (Morocco) was drained and cultivated. The unique acid Megene Chitane (Tunisia) is in danger of drying up permanently due to water extraction. Freshwater diversion from Garaet El Ichkeul (Tunisia) has dramatically altered its wildlife habitat, as reed-marshes were replaced by salt-marsh and bare mud within 20 years. In contrast, the ecosystems of the Delta lakes (Egypt) have responded dramatically to the year-round inflow of fresh irrigation water controlled by Nile dams and the rise in the freshwater table due to inadequate drainage in the flat delta. The Project has demonstrated remarkably rapid responses by the lakes to environmental stresses. In particular, it highlights the threats to wetland-lake ecosystems in North Africa if uncontrolled exploitation continues.  相似文献   

19.
Regulation of lake water level for power production and flood control is among the major anthropogenic disturbances in boreal aquatic ecosystems. In Finland, over 300 lakes, representing one third of the total inland water area of the country, are artificially regulated. To study the effects of regulation on lake littoral macroinvertebrate communities, samples were taken from upper stony littoral and from lower soft bottom littoral habitats of 11 lakes with different regulation amplitudes (wintertime fall in water level 1.19–6.75 m). Twelve unregulated (wintertime fall in water level 0.11–0.55 m) lakes with otherwise similar characteristics were used as a reference. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling ordinations showed that the composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages was strongly associated with the amplitude of water level regulation. Taxon richness also decreased with increasing intensity of regulation. Freezing and flushing of sediments in late winter are probably the most important factors leading to the impoverished littoral macroinvertebrate fauna. Invertebrates with long life cycle seem to be particularly vulnerable to unnatural water level fluctuation. Our results show that regulation of water level has a major impact on functionally significant lake littoral macroinvertebrates.  相似文献   

20.
Losses in lake area have been observed for several Arctic and Subarctic regions in recent decades, with unknown consequences for lake ecosystems. These reductions are primarily attributed to two climate‐sensitive mechanisms, both of which may also cause changes in water chemistry: (i) increased imbalance of evaporation relative to inflow, whereby increased evaporation and decreased inflow act to concentrate solutes into smaller volumes; and (ii) accelerated permafrost degradation, which enhances sublacustrine drainage while simultaneously leaching previously frozen solutes into lakes. We documented changes in nutrients [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP)] and ions (calcium, chloride, magnesium, sodium) over a 25 year interval in shrinking, stable, and expanding Subarctic lakes of the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Concentrations of all six solutes increased in shrinking lakes from 1985–1989 to 2010–2012, while simultaneously undergoing little change in stable or expanding lakes. This created a present‐day pattern, much weaker or absent in the 1980s, in which shrinking lakes had higher solute concentrations than their stable or expanding counterparts. An imbalanced evaporation‐to‐inflow ratio (E/I) was the most likely mechanism behind such changes; all four ions, which behave semiconservatively and are prone to evapoconcentration, increased in shrinking lakes and, along with TN and TP, were positively related to isotopically derived E/I estimates. Moreover, the most conservative ion, chloride, increased >500% in shrinking lakes. Conversely, only TP concentration was related to probability of permafrost presence, being highest at intermediate probabilities. Overall, the substantial increases of nutrients (TN >200%, TP >100%) and ions (>100%) may shift shrinking lakes towards overly eutrophic or saline states, with potentially severe consequences for ecosystems of northern lakes.  相似文献   

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