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1.
【目的】2016年7月北京出入境检验检疫局从泰国进境商品山竹果中检出双色多刺蚁,经查询,该种为我国进出境检疫部门首次检出。了解多刺蚁属情况可为该类昆虫的检疫鉴定提供依据。【方法】笔者通过对双色多刺蚁及多刺蚁属相关文献进行翻译和整理,详细介绍了双色多刺蚁的分类地位、分布、形态特征及近似种,以及多刺蚁属在中国的种类,并简要分析了我国检疫系统对多刺蚁属的截获情况。【结果】双色多刺蚁(膜翅目:蚁科)主要分布于东南亚和澳大利亚地区,在我国仅分布于云南省。多刺蚁属在我国已知45种1亚种。2003—2016年7月我国检疫系统共检出多刺蚁属2097批次。【结论】多刺蚁属随货物包装携带入境的概率较高,各进出境检疫部门应加强对该类昆虫的检疫工作。  相似文献   

2.
受国家质量监督检验检疫总局委派,2006年12月17~22日由广东、北京、上海出入境检验检疫局和中国检验检疫科学研究院有关专家组成的代表团出席了在比利时首都布鲁塞尔举行的“欧洲动物实验替代方法合作联盟”第二次会议。本次会议是继2005年首次年会后召开的又一次盛会,  相似文献   

3.
实验动物科学已成为现代科学技术的重要组成部分,是生命科学的基础和重要支撑条件.实验动物被广大科学工作者称为“活的试剂”、“活的精密仪器”,可以满足各种不同研究要求和生产需要,在诸多领域都有广泛的应用.随着生命科学的发展和经济全球化的深入,实验动物的应用领域更加广泛,相关产业和国际贸易与交流方兴未艾,并日臻成为出入境检验检疫工作的重要内容.本文对实验动物的应用现状、进出口情况、相关出入境检验检疫政策、面临的问题和相关建议等做一综述.  相似文献   

4.
广州机场出入境检验检疫局于2006年7月从旅客携带的南瓜和茄子中截获了一种原产于非洲的检疫性害虫——葫芦寡鬃实蝇Dacus (Dacus) bivittatus (Bigot)。该害虫目前在我国尚未分布,为严防其传入,文章介绍其形态特征、寄主、生物学特性及基本防治策略等,以供植检人员参考。  相似文献   

5.
出入境转基因产品及其分子检测现状与展望   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
随着转基因产品在全球的迅速推广,包括我国在内的很多国家都建立了转基因标识制度。各检验检疫口岸应转基因产品生产企业、食品制造商、消费者等多方面需要,相继开展了转基因产品的检测工作。准确可靠的转基因产品检测技术是各国检疫检疫单位的共同需求。转基因产品的检测主要有两大类方法,一类是DNA水平上的检测,另一类是蛋白质水平上的检测。多个发达国家也相继成立专门机构或部门,负责转基因产品生物检测技术标准化工作。国际上对转基因产品的检测工作有向委托鉴定方向发展的趋势。我们简要综述了出入境转基因产品及其分子检测现状。  相似文献   

6.
中国张球螋属的研究及一新种记述(革翅目:球螋科)张晓春,杨集昆(中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080)(北京农业大学,北京100094)张球嫂属(A。ech。raScudder)是张球嫂亚科(Anechurinae)的主要组成部分,共知ZI种,分布...  相似文献   

7.
【目的】近年来,美国高粱开始大量进入我国,其携带的杂草种子状况尚未有相关研究。通过对进境美国高粱携带的杂草种子现状进行分析,可为出入境检验检疫机构的检疫监管和后续监测提供依据。【方法】通过对2014—2016年进境美国高粱截获的杂草种子的研究,了解其携带的杂草种子状况。【结果】黄埔检验检疫局和南沙检验检疫局从进境的美国高粱中截获的杂草种子种类共涉及19个科106种。主要包括禾本科27种、菊科14种、大戟科3种、茄科2种、苋科15种、豆科10种、蓼科7种、锦葵科4种、旋花科7种、十字花科4种、藜科4种等,其中检疫性杂草共涉及5科25种,检出率高。【结论】美国高粱携带的杂草种子数量大,种类丰富,检疫性杂草含量大,应予以高度重视。  相似文献   

8.
正结合目前出现的新现和再现传染病及其病原体,本刊特邀请专家撰写了有关专题。上海疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防治科的潘浩等报道了我国首次在来自安哥拉的上海入境人员中发现Ekpoma病毒(Ekpoma virus,EKV)(上海出入境检验检疫  相似文献   

9.
<正>结合目前出现的新现和再现传染病及其病原体,本刊特邀请专家撰写了有关专题。上海疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防治科的潘浩等报道了我国首次在来自安哥拉的上海入境人员中发现Ekpoma病毒(Ekpoma virus,EKV)(上海出入境检验检疫  相似文献   

10.
作为推动我国农村动物疾病预防的重要环节,动物产地的检验检疫具有发现时效性、判断准确性的优点,因此能够实现我国从源头把控农村动物疾病以及疫情传播的目标。一旦农村动物产地的检验检疫工作出现纰漏,受疫情的动物将流向社会,导致群众性疫情的爆发,将会对人民群众生命安全造成威胁。本文从农村动物产地的检疫概念入手,进而分析我国农村动物产地检疫工作的现状及其存在的问题,从而有针对性的探讨基层动物检疫部门应采取的应对措施,目的是推动我国动物检疫事业的开展,保障人民群众的生命健康安全。  相似文献   

11.
Earwigs are usually considered pest predators in orchards. Because of its worldwide distribution, most research on earwigs focuses on the European earwig Forficula auricularia Linnaeus (Insecta: Dermaptera: Forficulidae). However, very little is known of this species in Mediterranean citrus orchards. Earwigs and aphids were collected monthly during 5 years (2006–2010) from citrus canopies. Two species of earwigs were found: F. auricularia and Forficula pubescens Gené (=Guanchia pubescens), with the latter seldom cited in the literature. The goals of this study were (i) to document the abundance of these two earwig species in Mediterranean citrus canopies; (ii) to determine whether they are positively or negatively associated with each other, or randomly distributed; (iii) to measure the interannual variation of the abundance of both species during a 5‐year period and (iv) to evaluate the potential role of earwigs as pest predators in citrus canopies. As compared to colder regions, F. auricularia active period in citrus canopies in our study site lasted longer. Both species co‐occurred randomly in canopies. In 2006, both species showed approximately the same abundance, but in 2010, F. pubescens abundance in canopies was 28 times greater than that of F. auricularia. The potential role of earwigs as pest predators is higher in the Mediterranean than in other colder regions, because of the longer active period. F. auricularia is a sedentary generalist predator, already present in citrus canopies at the onset of most pest outbreaks, while F. pubescens arrived later to the canopies, but most likely was abundant enough to contribute in the control of citrus pests.  相似文献   

12.
The preference of herbivores for different host plants can be modulated by plant ontogeny. In agricultural pest management, this has implications for sowing dates and pest monitoring. In the last 20 years, the European earwig (Forficula auricularia), a cosmopolitan pest, has been increasingly implicated in damage to grain crops in Australia. Among these, rapeseed, Brassica napus, appears especially at risk, but little information on F. auricularia as a grain pest is available. We tested the susceptibility of seven grain crops commonly grown in Australia to infestation by F. auricularia using closed microcosm experiments, exposing plant seedlings at two early growth stages to four different life stages of F. auricularia. Lucerne and rapeseed were shown to be the most vulnerable crops, and younger seedlings experienced significantly more damage than older seedlings across all crop types. Fourth instar F. auricularia were found to cause greater feeding damage than younger or older earwigs, while adults collected in winter generally caused more damage than those collected in summer. Surprisingly, even second instar F. auricularia caused greater damage than summer adults. This variation could reflect the ontogenetically dynamic nutritional needs of earwigs. Recent studies of F. auricularia's life cycle in southern Australia indicate that these damaging life stages have some overlap with sowing dates of the crops tested here, exposing their vulnerable seedling stage to infestation. The phenology of F. auricularia in southern Australia therefore partly drives its ability to act as a pest. Future monitoring will likely need to track the distribution of F. auricularia life stages in order to effectively mitigate risks to vulnerable crops.  相似文献   

13.
Use of predators, parasitoids and entomopathogens as biocontrol agents in pome fruit production can lead to more efficient and sustainable pest management programmes. The European earwig (Forficula auricularia Linnaeus [Dermaptera: Forficulidae]) is a major predator of key pests in pome fruit orchards, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are obligate parasites of a large number of insect species. Therefore, the interaction between earwigs and EPNs can play an important role in pest management programmes. Susceptibility of the European earwig to Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae (Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Heterorhabditidae) was evaluated. S. carpocapsae was the only tested EPN capable of killing the European earwig. However, the European earwig can detect the presence of S. carpocapsae and therefore avoid nematode‐treated shelters. An earwig deterrent activity in EPN‐killed codling moth larvae that reduces the foraging of European earwig on insect cadavers containing nematodes and allows nematodes to complete their life cycle was also assessed with the three species of nematodes. These findings suggest a positive compatibility between the European earwig and EPNs.  相似文献   

14.
The natural history of many entomopathogenic nematode species remains unknown, despite their wide commercial availability as biological control agents. The ambushing entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, and the introduced European earwig, Forficula auricularia, forage on the soil surface. Since they likely encounter one another in nature, we hypothesized that earwigs are susceptible to nematode infection. In the laboratory, the LC50 for F. auricularia was 226 S. carpocapsae/earwig and the reproductive potential was 123.5 infective juvenile nematodes/mg tissue. This susceptibility depended on host body size with significantly higher mortality rates seen in larger earwigs. In a study of host recognition behavior, S. carpocapsae infective juveniles responded to earwig cuticle as strongly as they did to Galleria mellonella cuticle. We also found that earwigs exposed to S. carpocapsae cleaned and scratched their front, middle and back legs significantly more than controls. Coupled with previous field data, these findings lead us to suggest that F. auricularia may be a potential host for S. carpocapsae.  相似文献   

15.
【目的】葡萄花翅小卷蛾是我国禁止进境的检疫性害虫,一旦入侵我国,将会给葡萄产业和林果业造成严重损失。开展葡萄花翅小卷蛾入侵我国的风险分析可为该虫的检疫和预警提供依据。【方法】介绍了葡萄花翅小卷蛾的形态特征和生物学特性,并参照通用的有害生物风险评估方法,从该虫在国内外的发生情况、潜在的经济危害性、受害作物的经济重要性、传播扩散的可能性及风险管理的难度等方面,对其入侵风险进行了定性和定量分析。【结果】葡萄花翅小卷蛾是一种对我国有很大潜在威胁的有害生物,其风险值为2.14,属高度危险性有害生物。【结论】建议新疆等口岸比较多的省、自治区口岸检疫部门加强对该害虫的检疫力度,杜绝其传入我国。  相似文献   

16.
Male dimorphisms are particularly conspicuous examples of the alternative reproductive strategies employed within some species. Such dimorphisms are thought to exist as genetic polymorphisms under ESS conditions, or to be conditional strategies where exogenous conditions determine the adult body plan. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is currently considered to be a fitness correlate of significant use in interpreting the functional significance of secondary sexual characteristics. In particular, negative slopes of FA on trait size are thought to arise in traits whose expression is dependent on condition. We measured forceps lengths and asymmetries in 2 island populations of the European earwig Forficula auricularia and Museum specimens of 5 other earwig (Dermaptera, Forficulidae) species from different genera, that appeared to be dimorphic. In a detailed study of Forficula auricularia we found a significant fit to a statistical model for the identification of dimorphisms and, for all species examined, morphs differed in the slope and/or elevation of the allometric relationship between body size and forcep length. Possible determinates of male dimorphisms are suggested from the data. Contrary to expectation, FA was not found to be greater in the minor morphs. Negative relationships between FA and forceps length were absent in both morphs of species examined from museum collections. Of the two island populations of Forficula auricularia, the smaller and more isolated population had higher FA and a negative relationship between FA and forceps length in the major morph. We discuss these patterns in the light of recent theories of FA and honest signalling.  相似文献   

17.
Earwigs protect themselves against predators using pincer-like cerci and/or malodorous exudates secreted from abdominal glands. Little is known about the chemistry of these secretions and their potential functions. However, because earwigs live in aggregations and overwinter in soil, they are exposed to high microbial loads throughout their lifecycle, and we therefore hypothesized that the secretions are used not only to deter predators but also to combat pathogens and parasites in their environment. We analyzed the defensive secretions of the European earwig Forficula auricularia, the short-winged earwig Apterygida media and the woodland earwig Chelidurella guentheri by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The secretions of all three species contained 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone and 2-ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, whereas A. media also produced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone and 2-ethyl-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. The latter has not been identified in the exudates of insects before. The composition and/or quantity of these components were species-specific and partially sex-specific. All secretions showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as two entomopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the secretion of F. auricularia displayed nematicidal activity against Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data support the hypothesis that earwig secretions are multifunctional, serving both to deter predators and sanitize the microenvironment.  相似文献   

18.
The woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a well-known pest of apple orchards world-wide. Several studies have demonstrated variable control of WAA populations by the European earwig, Forficula auricularia (L.) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and the WAA parasitoid Aphelinus mali (Halderman) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). We examine whether a beneficial interaction between F. auricularia and A. mali exists and calculate optimal numbers for each species to maintain WAA infestations below acceptable levels. We demonstrate that trees possessing >14 earwigs per trunk trap per week within the first seven weeks post-blossom contained WAA infestations well below acceptable levels. Where these earwig thresholds were not met, a first generation of A.mali greater than 0.5 wasps per tree was required. If these beneficial insect targets were not met, severe WAA infestations occurred. Our findings suggest that if F. auricularia and A. mali numbers exceed these thresholds chemical intervention may not be required.  相似文献   

19.
【目的】明确北京口岸从泰国进口的红毛丹果实表皮中检出活体粉蚧的种类及其分类地位、分布、潜在入侵危害性等情况。【方法】通过形态特征和DNA条形码技术对截获样本进行比对鉴定,并结合相关文献对其进行综合分析。【结果】该粉蚧为多孔曼粉蚧Maconellicoccus multipori(Takahashi,1951),隶属于半翅目Hemiptera粉蚧科Pseudococcidae蔓粉蚧属Maconellicoccus。同时详细介绍了该粉蚧的形态特征,以及我国口岸对曼粉蚧属的截获情况,讨论了多孔曼粉蚧的检疫意义。【结论】口岸应对该虫引起足够的重视,加强针对该虫的检疫措施,严防该虫入侵我国。  相似文献   

20.
【背景】2015年北京出入境检验检疫技术中心植物实验室从日本邮寄进境的鸡爪槭中检出一种短体线虫。【方法】通过采用形态学鉴定、rDNA序列测定及系统进化分析,对该线虫进行鉴定。【结果】将该线虫的形态特征和测计值与已知种群比较,与Pratylenchus vulnus最为接近;系统进化分析表明,其r DNA-ITS区序列特征与P.vulnus序列相似度为99%;系统发育树表明,其与P.vulnus聚为一组,证实该线虫为伤残短体线虫P.vulnus。【结论与意义】伤残短体线虫是一种重要的植物寄生线虫,我国进出境检疫部门曾多次从入境货物中检出该线虫,但从入境邮寄物中检中尚属首次。  相似文献   

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