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1.
为了研究脱皮激素受体在拟黑多刺蚁发育中的功能,本项目采用逆转录PCR方法从拟黑多刺蚁(Polyrhachis vicina Roger)中克隆到脱皮激素受体编码基因PvEcR全长序列,对其编码的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析。从拟黑多刺蚁中克隆到脱皮激素受体蛋白编码基因1 737bp的全长序列,该序列编码578个氨基酸,预测的蛋白分子量大小为63.098×103,理论等电点为7.41。NCBI蛋白质数据库中进行Blast搜索表明,拟黑多刺蚁脱皮激素受体蛋白PvEcR存在至少6类保守结构区域,主要为DNA结合位点、配体结合位点和激活因子识别位点。PvEcR蛋白序列磷酸化位点预测共揭示48个可能的磷酸化位点。PvEcR与其他昆虫脱皮激素受体蛋白在氨基酸序列上同源性高达70%以上。基于脱皮激素受体蛋白氨基酸序列构建的系统发育树表明,几乎所有蚁类脱皮激素受体形成一个大分支,其中拟黑多刺蚁与佛罗里达弓背蚁表现出最近的亲缘关系。  相似文献   

2.
《环境昆虫学报》2014,(5):814-819
毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体(muscarinic acetylcholine receptor,mAchR)是昆虫神经系统中一种十分重要的神经递质受体,属于G蛋白偶联受体超家族,与配体结合后激活G蛋白并通过胞内第二信使产生生物学效应,参与昆虫多种神经生理功能,是农药开发的一个潜在靶标。昆虫毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的研究,有助于提高昆虫神经生理及行为调节机制等方面的认识,并为以此为靶标的新型杀虫剂研制提供新思路。本文综述了国内外对昆虫毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的研究概况,并对GenBank中已上传的昆虫mAchR序列进行了分子进化分析,最后对昆虫mAchR研究中存在的问题及前景进行了分析和展望。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨CREB在拟黑多刺蚁(Polyrhachis vicina)不同品级脑部mRNA水平的表达,采用地高辛标记法原位杂交技术对拟黑多刺蚁工蚁、雌蚁、雄蚁3个品级脑部CREB mRNA的表达进行了定位研究。结果显示,CREB mRNA在拟黑多刺蚁不同品级脑部均有广泛表达。阳性反应主要分布在蕈形体冠部的Kenyon细胞、视叶和嗅叶等部位。在3个不同品级蚂蚁的脑部中,工蚁的嗅球和蕈形体内有较明显的CREB mRNA阳性反应,雄蚁的视叶具有较强的阳性反应,与工蚁和雄蚁相比,雌蚁脑部各个部位的阳性表达都较弱。推断CREB可能在视觉和嗅觉信息的获取与整合中起着重要作用,且与不同品级蚂蚁的行为相关。  相似文献   

4.
【目的】超气门蛋白(ultraspiracle protein, USP)是蜕皮激素作用靶标的重要组成部分。本研究拟通过分析在拟黑多刺蚁Polyrhachis vicina Roger USP基因PvUSP在不同品级成虫头部mRNA表达的差异,推测PvUSP对其脑神经功能或行为的影响;拟通过饲喂PvUSP dsRNA对拟黑多刺蚁不同品级成虫PvUSP进行RNA干扰(RNAi),推测PvUSP对虫体生理功能的影响及其与蜕皮激素受体(ecdysone receptor, EcR)基因PvEcR之间功能的相关性。【方法】利用荧光原位杂交及荧光实时定量PCR技术对拟黑多刺蚁不同品级成虫头部PvUSP mRNA组织分布与表达水平进行检测;通过饲喂PvUSP dsRNA对拟黑多刺蚁不同品级成虫PvUSP进行RNAi,采用荧光实时定量PCR检测拟黑多刺蚁PvUSP与PvEcR表达水平的变化。【结果】PvUSP mRNA广泛表达于拟黑多刺蚁不同品级成虫头部(主要分布于蕈形体),不同品级成虫头部PvUSP mRNA的表达量不同,工蚁头部表达量最高,雄蚁头部次之,雌蚁头部的表达量最低;RNAi沉默PvUSP后,与对照组相比,PvUSP mRNA在不同品级拟黑多刺蚁成虫体内表达量均明显降低,并存在显著差异(P<0.01);与对照组相比,PvEcR mRNA在各品级表达量均有增加,工蚁和雄蚁表达量变化不显著(P>0.05),但雌蚁体内PvEcR mRNA表达量显著增加(P<0.05)。【结论】PvUSP基因对拟黑多刺蚁不同品级头部神经系统的构建、功能作用的发挥有关;拟黑多刺蚁PvUSP基因与PvEcR基因可能在异源二聚体形成过程中存在关联性或功能的互补性;PvUSP可能对雌蚁的生殖功能产生重要影响。  相似文献   

5.
毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体(Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors,mAChRs)是昆虫神经系统中一类重要的G蛋白偶联受体.昆虫mAChRs可以分为A、B、C型三大类,它们通过偶联不同的G蛋白激活不同的第二信使,完成信号转导过程,从而发挥其功能.mAChRs参与调控昆虫多种生理反应和行为过程,如生长发育、运动、鸣声、嗅觉以及学习记忆等,是潜在的杀虫剂靶标,对昆虫mAChRs的全面研究有助于开发新型杀虫剂.本文较为全面地综述了近年来国内外昆虫mAChRs的组织分布、信号转导、药理学特性以及生理功能等方面的研究新进展,为今后研究该类受体提供参考.  相似文献   

6.
养殖蚂蚁开辟致富路北京市房山区黄辛村将蚂蚁列为新资源食品开发项目,在村内已成功地在大棚内办起了“拟黑多刺Ⅱ号药用大种蚁”养殖场。已养殖“拟黑多刺Ⅱ号药用大种蚁5000多窝。每窝种蚁5000~7000只,每窝种蚁售价500元。(闻佳摘自《健康报》199...  相似文献   

7.
蚂蚁食品简介   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
蚂蚁在动物界中属于节肢动物门(Arthropod),昆虫纲(Insecta),膜翅目(hymenoptera),蚁科(Formicidae)。我国民间常作食疗用的蚂蚁主要是蚁亚科(Formicinae)多刺蚁属(Polyrhachis)中的拟黑多刺蚁...  相似文献   

8.
张庆华  吕晓华 《昆虫知识》2007,44(2):263-266
研究拟黑多刺蚁Polyrhachis vicina Roger提取液的缓解体力疲劳作用。采用清洁级雄性昆明种小鼠,拟黑多刺蚁水和乙醇双重提取液按8.3mL/kg.bw,16.7mL/kg.bw,25.0mL/kg.bw连续灌胃30d,测定小鼠负重游泳时间、血乳酸、血清尿素氮和肝糖原含量。结果:3个实验组及乙醇对照组小鼠负重游泳时间均显著长于蒸馏水对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);8.3mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间显著长于乙醇对照组(P<0.01)。8.3mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠3个时点血乳酸曲线下面积显著低于蒸馏水对照组和乙醇对照组(P<0.05、P<0.01),16.7mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠3个时点血乳酸曲线下面积明显低于蒸馏水对照组(P<0.01)。乙醇对照组及拟黑多刺蚁提取液3个剂量组小鼠血清尿素氮含量均显著低于蒸馏水对照组(P<0.05、P<0.01),16.7mL/kg.bw剂量组小鼠血清尿素氮含量低于乙醇对照组(P<0.05)。拟黑多刺蚁提取液具有缓解体力疲劳的作用。  相似文献   

9.
基于Cytb基因的九种多刺蚁(膜翅目:蚁科)的分子系统学   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了提供我国多刺蚁属(Polyrhachis)昆虫的分子系统学资料,我们对9种多刺蚁的mtDNA的Cytb部分序列进行测定和分析.在所得465个位点的序列中,变异位点152个,占32.7%,碱基T、C、A和G的平均含量分别为42.0%、19.6%、29.2%和9.2%,A+T平均含量71.2%.在氨基酸组成上,共编码155个氨基酸.碱基替换主要发生在密码子第三位点,转换频率大于颠换频率,转换主要发生在T与C之间,颠换主要发生在T与A.以弓背蚁属(Camponotus)的黄斑弓背蚁(C.albosparsus)和浅毛弓背蚁(C.albivillosus)为外群,用NJ、MP及贝叶斯推论法构建系统发育树.本研究结果与经典分类结果相符:在9种多刺蚁中,Myrmhopla亚属的双齿多刺蚁(P.dives)独立成为一支,分化较早,位于系统进化树的最底部,最早分化出来;而Myrma亚属的亚毛多刺蚁(P.subpilosa)、梅氏多刺蚁(P.illaudata)、警觉多刺蚁(P.vigilans)以及拟梅氏多刺蚁(P.proxima)聚合成一支,位于系统进化树的最顶端,它们的亲缘关系相近,属于较进化的类群.但是Polyrhachis亚属的叶形多刺蚁(P.lamellidens)和Cyrtomyma亚属的结多刺蚁(P.rastellata)的进化关系仍需要进一步探讨.  相似文献   

10.
烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体是昆虫体内重要的神经受体,同时也是杀虫剂作用靶标.从甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua3龄幼虫体内提取总的RNA,经过反转录,利用RT-PCR获得了烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体6个α和1个β亚基基因的cD-NA序列片段,并利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)获得了β亚基基因的cDNA序列全长.该基因命名为SenAChRβl,其长度为2231个碱基,含有一个1575个碱基的开放读码框,开放读码框编码524个氨基酸残基,预测的分子量为60 kDa.推导得到的氨基酸序列与其它昆虫特别是鳞翅目昆虫的烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体β亚基具有高度的同源性,并具有典型的烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体β亚基特征化位点.  相似文献   

11.
陈秋燕  刘杨  王桂荣 《昆虫学报》2022,65(3):386-398
CO2是空气的重要组分,它既是植物光合作用的主要原料之一,也可以作为环境中的化学信号直接影响昆虫的生命活动。CO2在双翅目、鞘翅目和鳞翅目昆虫的觅食行为中都发挥着重要作用;CO2可以影响蝇类和蛾类的产卵行为;CO2是社会性昆虫调节巢穴内气候条件的重要指标。对昆虫感受CO2的机制研究一方面可以拓展对昆虫化学感受体系的认知,另一方面可以给害虫监测和防治提供新的策略。从2007年在果蝇Drosophilia中鉴定得到GR21a和R63a两个共表达的CO2受体基因以来,随着高通量测序技术的发展,结合同源比对分析,多种昆虫的CO2受体基因得到了鉴定,至此,昆虫在外周神经水上感受CO2机制的研究进展有了重大突破。昆虫的CO2受体基因表达在特定的受体神经元上,这些受体神经元能够感受环境中极低浓度的CO2,并将CO2信号进一步传导至脑的中枢神经系统。昆虫在中枢神经水平上对CO2信号的处理分为在脑初级中枢 触角叶中的处理和在脑高级中枢的处理。触角叶内的CO2投射神经元在触角叶中的特定嗅小球内形成复杂的树突,然后这些投射神经元继续向脑的高级中枢投射到前脑的侧角,再向上投射到蕈形体冠。一些昆虫的基因组中并未鉴定到CO2受体基因的同源基因,但这些昆虫对CO2的反应早有报道,这暗示昆虫中存在其他感受CO2的通路。本文从CO2对昆虫生命活动的重要性、昆虫在外周神经水平上感受CO2的机制、昆虫在中枢神经水平上感受CO2的机制、昆虫中其他感受CO2的通路4个方面综述了相关研究进展,着重介绍了CO2对昆虫的影响和CO2受体基因的鉴定及功能研究,旨在为后续的CO2感受机制的研究和绿色防控手段的开发提供可借鉴的思路和方法。  相似文献   

12.
Temporal and spatial expression patterns of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (Acr60C) and an octopamine/tyramine receptor (Octyr) were determined inDrosophila melanogaster using quantitative Northern analysis andin situ hybridization to tissue sections. Expression of mRNA encoding both of these G-protein coupled receptors peaks initially in 18 to 21 hour embryos following the formation of the mature larval nervous system. Levels of mRNA then decline during larval stages, rising to a second peak in 3 to 4-day-old pupae after a period of major nervous system reorganization. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA is expressed throughout the cortical regions of the central nervous system in adults and embryos. Particularly high levels of expression of Acr60C are observed in cell bodies adjacent to the antennal lobes, suggesting a major role for this muscarinic receptor in the processing of olfactory information. In contrast, the octopamine/tyramine receptor mRNA is distributed diffusely throughout the adult brain, with patches of signal concentrated in the cortex of the dorsal protocerebrum near the mushroom bodies. These patches may represent individual cells expressingOctyr receptors.  相似文献   

13.
The binding of 125I-labeled α-bungarotoxin in the central nervous system of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, was investigated. Comparative binding studies in various tissues of L. polyphemus demonstrated a selective association of the toxin with nervous tissues. The greatest enrichment of toxin binding in subcellular fractions of brain tissue was observed in a fraction enriched in mitochondria and acetylcholinesterase-containing membranes. Autoradiographic studies revealed the localization of α-bungarotoxin binding to the longitudinal connectives and neuropile regions of the abdominal ganglia. Three toxin binding components with approximate sedimentation coefficients of 9 S, 15.4 S and 17.4 S were present in solubilized extracts of brain tissue. 125I-labeled α-bungarotoxin binding to these components was inhibited 72%, 47%, 9% and 0% by 10 μM concentrations of (+)-tubocurarine, nicotine, scopolamine and pilocarpine, respectively. The apparent formation of the 15.4 S and 17.4 S proteins from the 9 S protein was obtained. The 15.4 S and 17.4 S components are suggested as aggregates of the 9 S protein. This 9 S protein is proposed as an acetylcholine receptor from the central nervous system of L. polyphemus.  相似文献   

14.
Huang YZ  Mei L 《生理科学进展》2001,32(3):197-203
Neuregulins(NRG)是一在结构上相类似的多肽家族,它们由四个不同的基因编码。NRG有三种异构体(NRG1、2和3)。这些异构体在及脑内有高表达,包括发育中的脑和成熟的脑。这些异构体中,对NRG1研究最为广泛。NRG1对神经系统的发育有多种重要的调节作用。它能促进胶质细胞的生化和分化;也能调节小脑、颗粒细胞沿胶质细胞的迁移。在突触形成过程中,NRG1可诱导以下三种受体的表达:神经肌肉接头和中枢 神经系统内的乙酰胆碱受体的表达;小脑胶质细胞中NMDA受体的NR2C亚单位的表达;小脑胶质细胞中GABAA受体的表达。近年来的研究表明,NRG受体多分布于突触后膜致密区,提示NRG可能对突触的可塑性有重要的作用。本文综述了NRG的研究进展,特别对其功能及其信号转导机制有较多的讨论。  相似文献   

15.
Acetylcholine (ACh), the first neurotransmitter to be identified, regulate the activities of central and peripheral functions through interactions with muscarinic receptors. Changes in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many major diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Previous reports from our laboratory on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats showed down regulation of muscarinic M1 receptors in the brainstem, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex and pancreatic islets. In this study, we have investigated the changes of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) enzyme activity, total muscarinic and muscarinic M1 receptor binding and gene expression in the corpus striatum of STZ – diabetic rats and the insulin treated diabetic rats. The striatum, a neuronal nucleus intimately involved in motor behaviour, is one of the brain regions with the highest acetylcholine content. ACh has complex and clinically important actions in the striatum that are mediated predominantly by muscarinic receptors. We observed that insulin treatment brought back the decreased maximal velocity (Vmax) of acetylcholine esterase in the corpus striatum during diabetes to near control state. In diabetic rats there was a decrease in maximal number (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) of total muscarinic receptors whereas muscarinic M1 receptors were increased with decrease in affinity in diabetic rats. We observed that, in all cases, the binding parameters were reversed to near control by the treatment of diabetic rats with insulin. Real-time PCR experiment confirmed the increase in muscarinic M1 receptor gene expression and a similar reversal with insulin treatment. These results suggest the diabetes-induced changes of the cholinergic activity in the corpus striatum and the regulatory role of insulin on binding parameters and gene expression of total and muscarinic M1 receptors.  相似文献   

16.
The alpha7 nicotinic receptors in human fetal brain and spinal cord   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype is believed to be involved in the regulation of neuronal growth, differentiation and synapse formation during the development of the human brain. In this study the expression of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was investigated in human fetal brain and spinal cord of 5-11 weeks gestational age. Both the specific binding of [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin to prenatal brain membranes and the expression of alpha7 mRNA were significantly higher in the pons, medulla oblongata, mesencephalon and spinal cord of 9-11 weeks gestational age compared with cerebellum, cortex and subcortical forebrain. A significant positive correlation between gestational age and the expression of alpha7 mRNA was observed in all brain regions except cortex. A positive correlation was also observed between the gestational age and the [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding in the pons, medulla oblongata, mesencephalon, and cerebellum. Consequently, a significant relationship between the alpha7 mRNA levels and the binding sites for [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin was found in the fetal brain. The increasing levels of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor during the first trimester support the important role of nAChRs for the development of the central nervous system.  相似文献   

17.
18.
烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,nAChR)在昆虫中枢神经系统的递质传递过程中起着重要作用。本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,从桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)体内克隆获得nAChRβ亚基的cDNA序列,命名为Bdβ3(GenBank登录号:JF974074)。测序结果表明,Bdβ3的cDNA序列全长1602bp,开放阅读框为1287bp,编码429个氨基酸残基,预测蛋白质分子量和等电点分别为48.8ku和5.81。通过对氨基酸同源性分析表明,Bdβ3具有nAChR亚基的典型特征,与其他昆虫nAChR亚基具有较高的氨基酸相似性,与黑腹果蝇nAChRβ3亚基具有49.78%的相似性。Bdβ3在桔小实蝇的不同发育时期和成虫的不同体段的实时定量PCR结果表明,Bdβ3在整个发育阶段均有表达,其中在成虫期的表达水平最高,这可能与Bdβ3主要在成虫期发挥作用有关;Bdβ3在桔小实蝇头部表达量最高,显著高于胸部和腹部。研究结果为深入分析桔小实蝇nAChR亚基的功能以及对多杀菌素的靶标抗性机制提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

19.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles during central nervous system development. Cdk5 kinase activity depends on its regulatory partners, p35 or p39, which are prominently expressed in the central nervous system. We have previously demonstrated the involvement of Cdk5 in the regulation of acetylcholine receptor expression at the neuromuscular junction, suggesting a novel functional role of Cdk5 at the synapse. Here we report the identification of Pctaire1, a member of the Cdk-related kinase family, as a p35-interacting protein in muscle. Binding of Pctaire1 to p35 can be demonstrated by in vitro binding assay and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Pctaire1 is associated with p35 in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle, and is concentrated at the neuromuscular junction. Furthermore, Pctaire1 can be phosphorylated by the Cdk5/p25 complex, and serine 95 is the major phosphorylation site. In brain and muscle of Cdk5 null mice, Pctaire1 activity is significantly reduced. Moreover, Pctaire1 activity is increased following preincubation with brain extracts and phosphorylation by the Cdk5/p25 complex. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Pctaire1 interacts with p35, both in vitro and in vivo, and that phosphorylation of Pctaire1 by Cdk5 enhances its kinase activity.  相似文献   

20.
1. Cholinergic synapses in the central nervous system of insects contain inhibitory muscarinic receptors whose stimulation by agonists leads to a diminished output of acetylcholine; antagonists, like atropine, facilitate acetylcholine release. 2. The receptors involved appear to be of the M2-subtype. Upon activation of presynaptic receptors a significant reduction of the intrasynaptosomal cyclic AMP level as well as a significantly increased membrane potential was observed. 3. The observed membrane hyperpolarization is apparently not a consequence of a lower cyclic AMP level, thus both effects may offer alternative or synergistical mechanisms for modulating transmitter release.  相似文献   

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