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1.
王巍  朱华  胡红霞 《动物学杂志》2012,47(1):105-111
近年鲟鱼人工繁殖技术促进了鲟鱼养殖业的发展,但在选育初期未对后备亲鱼进行遗传背景分析,为了抑制种质资源退化和防止近交衰退,繁育场需要对现有后备亲鱼进行遗传背景分析.本文利用线粒体控制区(D-loop)部分序列对4种养殖鲟鱼后备亲鱼群体(共120个样本)的遗传多样性进行了分析.研究发现不同种鲟鱼D-loop部分序列长度不...  相似文献   

2.
采用 PCR技术和 DNA测序技术 ,发现了我国一级珍稀保护动物中华鲟 ( Acipensersinensis)线粒体 DNA( mt DNA)的控制区 ( D- loop)存在数目不等的串联重复序列 ,该重复序列造成了中华鲟广泛的异质性现象 .从分子水平进行了不同类型重复序列变化规律的研究 ,同时还初探了重复序列在我国其它几种鲟鱼类的存在情况 ,发现在白鲟 ( Psephurus gladius)、达氏鲟 ( A.dabryanus)和史氏鲟 ( A.schrenckii)均存在类似的重复序列结构 .序列比较分析表明 ,不同鲟鱼类重复序列在鲟鱼类进化过程中扮演着一定的角色 ,很有可能碱基差异大小与它们的亲缘关系的远近呈正相关 .  相似文献   

3.
用PCR技术扩增中华鲟(Acipensersinensis)线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区(D-loop)时,发现中华鲟天然群体内存在个体间和个体内的mtDNA长度变异现象。DNA测序表明,长度变异发生在mtDNAryloop靠近tRANpro的位置,由长约82碱基对(bp)的重复序列串联形成的。由个体内mtDNA长度变异造成的异质性个体比例为57.4%,非异质性(同质性)个体的比例为426%。非异质性个体间的mtDNA的大小也不一样,存在长度变异。在非异质性个体中,有2、3、4、5个串联重复序列形成的4种分子类型的情况,其重复序列出现的频率从高到低的循序是3→2→4→5。在异质性个体中,同一个体由2种不同分子组合的异质体最普通,占77.78%3种不同分子组合的频率次之,占18.520。4种不同分子组合的异质体比例最少,占3.70%。没有发现由5种不同分子组合的异质体。对所有异质体混合分析表明,各种类型的重复序列出现的比例与非异质体的类似,即分子大小(含重复序列数)从高到低的顺序为3→2→4→5→1。对47尾中华鲟的个体内和个体间的遗传多样性指数分析发现,有65.3%遗传变异表现在群体内的个体间,有347%的遗传变异表现在个体内。由mtDNA长度异质性造成的个体内的多样性是中华鳍物种遗传多样性的另一途径。  相似文献   

4.
中国特有种大卫鼠耳蝠线粒体D-loop区串联重复序列以81bp为重复单元,重复3~7次。54%的个体具有4个串联重复序列,与5~7个串联重复序列的现有模式具有较大的差异。重复单元的遗传差异受所在位次影响,具有明显的家族性或区域性特点。串联重复序列和相对保守的第一重复单元构建的ML树均形成了3个明显的分支,分别定名为东南区、西南区和南方区。线粒体重复序列区域间的差异暗示其可能经历了多次进化,并以东南区变异最为显著。  相似文献   

5.
鸮形目4种鸟类线粒体调控区全序列的测定与比较研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
肖冰  马飞  孙毅  李庆伟 《遗传学报》2006,33(11):965-974
利用Long-PCR和Primer Walking的方法对鸮形目的短耳鸮、长耳鸮、纵纹腹小鸮、灰林鸮4种鸟类的线粒体调控区进行了全序列测定。结果表明:短耳鸮的调控区跃度为3290bp;长耳鸮为2848bp;纵纹腹小鸮为2444bp;灰林鸮为1771bp。短耳鸮的调控区长度是4种鸮中最大的,并且是目前已知最大的鸟类线粒体调控区。这4种鸮类调控区的基本结构和其他鸟类相似,按照碱基变化速率的不同可以分为3个区:碱基变化速率较快的外围区域Ⅰ、Ⅲ和保守的中间区域Ⅱ。这4种鸟类调控区的3’端均存在大量的串联重复序列,短耳鸮为126bp单元重复7次和78bp单元重复14次;长耳鸮为127bp单元重复8次和78bp单几重复6次;纵纹腹小鸮有3个重复单元,分别为89bp单元重复3次、77bp单元重复4次和71bp单元重复6次;灰林鸮仅有1个单元的串联重复为78bp重复5次。调控区中串联重复序列可能是由链的滑动错配产生,另外这些重复序列都能形成热力学稳定的多重茎环二级结构,而且在重复序列中还发现一些保守基序,这说明重复序列可能具有一定的生理功能,影响调控区的调重控功能从而影响线粒体基因组的复制和转录。  相似文献   

6.
为厘清鲟形目鱼类的系统发育, 研究新测定了中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)、长江鲟(A. dabryanus)、短吻鲟(A. brevirostrum)、纳氏鲟(A. naccarii)、鳇(Huso dauricus)和匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathula)共6种鲟类的线粒体全基因组序列。联合已测的17种鲟类的线粒体基因组数据, 利用最大似然法和贝叶斯法重建了鲟形目鱼类的分子系统发育关系, 并采用似然值检验对不同的树拓扑结构进行了评价。结果表明, 6种新测鲟类的线粒体基因组大小为16521—16766 bp, 编码13个蛋白质编码基因、22个转运RNA基因和2个核糖体基因, 与大多数已测的鲟类的线粒体基因组结构高度相似。基于23种鲟形目鱼类线粒体基因组数据, 系统发育分析的结果表明: (1)鲟形目的两个科, 匙吻鲟科(Polyodontidae)和鲟科(Acipenseridae)均为单系; (2)鲟科的内部亲缘关系复杂, 鲟属和鳇属的物种均不构成单系群。鲟科鱼类按分子系统发育重建结果可以分为3个类群: 尖吻鲟类(A. sturio - A. oxyrinchus clade)、大西洋鲟类(Atlantic clade)和太平洋鲟类(Pacific clade)。树拓扑结构的检验结果表明, 鲟科的系统发育关系为(尖吻鲟类(太平洋鲟类, 大西洋鲟类))。铲鲟属(Scaphirhynchus)是大西洋鲟类的基部类群。研究也说明线粒体基因组数据在鲟形目鱼类系统与进化研究方面具有重要应用价值。  相似文献   

7.
5种鲟鱼免疫球蛋白重链恒定区序列研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
王荻  刘红柏 《遗传》2006,28(10):1247-1264
为了探讨几种鲟鱼免疫球蛋白(IgM)所包含的信息与其亲缘和进化之间的关系, 分别对俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser. gueldenstaedtii)、小体鲟(A. ruthenus)、施氏鲟(A. schrenckii)、中华鲟(A. sinensis)和欧鳇(Huso huso)的IgM重链(IgH)恒定区进行了研究。采用RT-PCR的方法对IgH核酸序列进行了克隆, 通过软件获得了相应的IgH氨基酸序列。在分别对这5种鲟鱼免疫球蛋白重链恒定区4个区(CH1~CH4)进行研究后发现, 其CH4区氨基酸序列相似性最高。通过对CH4区序列氨基酸变异期望值(Kaa), 物种分化时间(T)及物种间系统进化树(Phylogenetic Tree)等参数的分析, 将克隆的5种鲟鱼IgH恒定区序列与已发表的西伯利亚鲟同源序列比对(源于NCBI序列)后发现: 西伯利亚鲟与俄罗斯鲟、施氏鲟与欧鳇、小体鲟各构成一个分支, 并与中华鲟相对。实验结果从体液免疫系统的演化这个角度, 反映了被研究的鲟鱼物种间的分类地位、地理分布及进化关系之间的联系。  相似文献   

8.
不同产地中华鳖的线粒体控制区序列分析及结构比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用PCR特异引物,扩增了两产地中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)个体的mtDNA控制区(CR)及其邻近片段,测序获得了长度分别为1830bp和1630bp的序列。结合GenBank中已发表的韩国产中华鳖mtDNA的CR区序列,比较了3个产地中华鳖的CR区结构。分析显示:中华鳖不同产地mtDNA CR区DNA中的A+T含量分别为60.5%、63.6%和64.8%,它们的5′、3′末端以及CSB1-CSB2之间均存在丰富的可变数目串联重复序列(variable numbers oftandem repeats,VNTR)。基于mtDNA CR区序列和结构分析,显示中华鳖不同产地的野生个体中存在丰富的遗传多样性。  相似文献   

9.
辽东湾斑海豹(Phoca largha)线粒体D-loop区异质型研究初探   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用PCR技术和DNA克隆测序技术,随机测定了3头斑海豹mtDNA控制区(D-loop区)csn-3上、下游1000bp左右的序列,每头斑海豹任选14个克隆菌斑进行测序,结果所得序列均无重复,得到42个单倍型.结合GenBank已发表的斑海豹mtDNA控制区序列(Phoca largha,AM181031),通过Clusta1X1.83、MEGA3.1和FastPCRv3.6等生物信息学软件进行序列比对,发现我国珍稀保护动物斑海豹个体内线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的控制区CSB-3之后存在异质型现象,且存在数目不等的串联重复序列.从分子水平进行了不同类型重复序列变化规律的研究,初探了mtDNA控制区异质型在斑海豹中的存在情况.  相似文献   

10.
鲟形目鱼类是一类在鱼类乃至脊椎动物进化史上占有很重要地位的古老濒危鱼类 ,长期悬而未决的系统演化关系为世人瞩目 .采用DNA测序技术首次测定了包括中国特有鲟形目鱼类在内的 1 2种鲟形目鱼类的mtDNA ND4L和ND4基因 ( 70 3bp)的序列 ,并进行了分子系统学分析 .从分子系统学的角度得出了如下结论 :( 1 )鳇属可以归并到鲟属 ;( 2 )达氏鲟与中华鲟的亲缘关系最近 ,很有可能为中华鲟的一陆封类型 ;( 3)环太平洋地区的鲟科鱼类可能有共同的起源 ;( 4)ND4L和ND4基因是进行鲟形目鱼类系统演化研究很好的遗传标记 .  相似文献   

11.
Ludwig A  May B  Debus L  Jenneckens I 《Genetics》2000,156(4):1933-1947
Data from 1238 fishes from 19 sturgeon species and 1 paddlefish were used to analyze heteroplasmy in sturgeon. Lengths of central repeat units ranged from 74 to 83 bp among sturgeon species. No repeat sequence was found in the paddlefish, Polyodon spathula. A general feature of the repeat units was the presence of termination associated sequence (TAS) motifs. About 50% of 138 interspecific mutations observed among the D-loop sequences are located 10 bp down- and upstream from these TAS motifs. Interestingly, most homoplasmic species showed deletions upstream to the TAS motifs, whereas deletions downstream to the TAS motifs observed in two species do not seem to preclude heteroplasmy. Calculations of secondary structures and thermal stabilities of repeat units showed DeltaG values for all heteroplasmic species to be <-8 and for most homoplasmic species DeltaG value to be >-8. Most heteroplasmic fishes had two and/or three repeat units. No homoplasmic sturgeon with >2 repeat units were observed. Molecular phylogeny based on the entire cytochrome b showed that heteroplasmy probably resulted from a single evolutionary event. Our data demonstrate that heteroplasmy is present in most sturgeon species and suggest that the thermal stability of the secondary structure of the repeat unit in combination with mutations downstream of the TAS sequences influences heteroplasmy.  相似文献   

12.
Cleavage of Vicia faba nuclear DNA with the restriction endonuclease BamHI yielded discrete size classes of 250, 850, 900, 990, 1 150, 1 500 and 1 750 bp of highly repetitive DNA. Each of these sequence families comprised about 3% of the total genomic DNA. Some sequence members from each sequence family were cloned in pBR322 and their primary structures determined. Computer analyses of nucleotide sequences suggested the existence of about 60 bp sequence periodicity within the repeating unit of the 990 bp sequence family, though the extent of homology among the surmised shorter subrepeat units was very low. With other BamHI sequence families, however, the data did not show any clear internal sequence periodicity. The repeat units of the 850 bp and 1 750 bp sequence families contained nucleotide sequences homologous to the 250 bp family sequence. No sequence relationship between or among other sequence families was observed. There was 13–25% sequence variation among 6 cloned members of the 250 bp family and probably also among those of other BamHI repeat families. DNA sequences homologous to these V. faba BamHI repeat families were detected in Pisum sativum DNA by Southern blot hybridization. Furthermore, very weak cross-hybridization was observed with plant DNAs from Phaseolus vulgaris, Triticum aestivum, Cucumis sativus and Trillium kamtschaticum.  相似文献   

13.
In the present study, 3217 UniGene sequences of Neurospora crassa downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) were mined for the identification of microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 287 SSRs detected gives density of 1SSR/14.6 kb of 4187.86 kb sequences mined suggests that only 250 (7.8%) of sequences contained SSRs. Depending on the repeat units, the length of SSRs ranged from 14 to 17 bp for mono-, 14 to 48 bp for di-, 18 to 90 bp for tri-, 24 to 48 bp for tetra-, 30 for penta- and 42 to 48 bp for hexa-nucleotide repeats. Tri-nucleotide repeats were the most frequent repeat type (88.8%) followed by di-nucleotide repeats (5.9%). An attempt was also made with the help of bioinformatics approach to find out primer pairs for identified SSRs and primers were found only for 239 sequences. But, this part needs experimental validation. Annotation of SSRs containing sequences was also carried out.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Three members of a family of highly repeated DNA sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana have been cloned and characterized. The repeat unit has an average length of 180 bp and is tandemly repeated in arrays longer than 50 kb. This family represents more than one percent of the Arabidopsis genome. Sequence comparisons with tandemly repeated DNA sequences from other Cruciferae species show several regions of homology and a similar length of the repeat unit. Homologies are also found to highly repeated sequences from other plant species. When the sequence CCGG occurs in the repeated DNA, the inner cytosine is generally methylated.  相似文献   

15.
该研究利用基于全基因组限制性酶切位点简化基因组测序技术(RAD seq技术),开发濒危植物羊踯躅(Rhododendron molle G. Don)全基因组SSR标记,并对3个群体共63份羊踯躅材料进行验证鉴定,为进一步研究羊踯躅的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构以及保护利用提供技术支持。结果显示:(1)羊踯躅基因组测序获得原始数据7.653G bp,过滤后为7.513G bp;经组装发现,羊踯躅171.534 M bp的基因组分布在498 252 contigs中。(2)通过SSR检测,在11 961 SSR位点中获得了11 687对SSR分子标记,并且二核苷酸为基序的重复类型最丰富,达51.76%。(3)随机选取128对SSR标记在6个羊踯躅株系中进行PCR扩增,获得20对高多态性的SSR标记。(4)用所选的20对多态性SSR标记对3个群体共63份羊踯躅材料进行验证分析发现,这些多态性SSR标记位点的等位基因数为4~16个,期望杂合度(He)为0.489~0.908。 研究表明,羊踯躅的SSR丰度适中,且二核苷酸为羊踯躅中最丰富的重复序列,该实验进一步证明RAD seq技术是一种经济有效的基因测序方法,实验中开发的SSR引物将有助于进一步研究羊踯躅和其他近缘种的群体结构和多样性。  相似文献   

16.
17.
We mapped and analyzed the microsatellites throughout 284295605 base pairs of the unambiguously assembled sequence scaffolds along 19 chromosomes of the haploid poplar genome. Totally, we found 150985 SSRs with repeat unit lengths between 2 and 5 bp. The established microsatellite physical map demonstrated that SSRs were distributed relatively evenly across the genome of Populus. On average, These SSRs occurred every 1883 bp within the poplar genome and the SSR densities in intergenic regions, introns, exons and UTRs were 85.4%, 10.7%, 2.7% and 1.2%, respectively. We took di-, tri-, tetra-and pentamers as the four classes of repeat units and found that the density of each class of SSRs decreased with the repeat unit lengths except for the tetranucleotide repeats. It was noteworthy that the length diversification of microsatellite sequences was negatively correlated with their repeat unit length and the SSRs with shorter repeat units gained repeats faster than the SSRs with longer repeat units. We also found that the GC content of poplar sequence significantly correlated with densities of SSRs with uneven repeat unit lengths (tri-and penta-), but had no significant correlation with densities of SSRs with even repeat unit lengths (di-and tetra-). In poplar genome, there were evidences that the occurrence of different microsatellites was under selection and the GC content in SSR sequences was found to significantly relate to the functional importance of microsatellites.  相似文献   

18.
19.
Complete sequence determination of the brachiopod Lingula anatina mtDNA (28,818 bp) revealed an organization that is remarkably atypical for an animal mt-genome. In addition to the usual set of 37 animal mitochondrial genes, which make up only 57% (16,555 bp) of the entire sequence, the genome contains lengthy unassigned sequences. All the genes are encoded in the same DNA strand, generally in a compact way, whereas the overall gene order is highly divergent in comparison with known animal mtDNA. Individual genes are generally longer and deviate considerably in sequence from their homologues in other animals. The genome contains two major repeat regions, in which 11 units of unassigned sequences and six genes (atp8, trnM, trnQ, trnV, and part of cox2 and nad2) are found in repetition, in the form of nested direct repeats of unparalleled complexity. One of the repeat regions contains unassigned repeat units dispersed among several unique sequences, novel repetitive structure for animal mtDNAs. Each of those unique sequences contains an open reading frame for a polypeptide between 80 and 357 amino acids long, potentially encoding a functional molecule, but none of them has been identified with known proteins. In both repeat regions, tRNA genes or tRNA gene-like sequences flank major repeated units, supporting the view that those structures play a role in the mitochondrial gene rearrangements. Although the intricate repeated organization of this genome can be explained by recurrent tandem duplications and subsequent deletions mediated by replication errors, other mechanisms, such as nonhomologous recombinations, appear to explain certain structures more easily.  相似文献   

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