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1.
高等植物启动子的研究进展   总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19  
启动子是基因表达调控的重要顺式元件,综述了高等植物启动子的构成,包括转录起始位点、TATA框和上游启动子元件。并着重从组成型、组织特异型和诱导型启动子3个方面介绍了其结构特征、功能,以及它们在植物基因工程中的应用和研究进展,简述了双向启动子、可变启动子和串联启动子的研究情况,提出植物启动子研究中存在的问题与展望。  相似文献   

2.
植物抗病相关启动子及其研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
启动子是调控基因表达的重要顺式元件。植物抗病相关启动子的调控特性研究、分离及其应用对于提高植物抗病性极其关键。本文综述了植物基因启动子的基本结构、克隆方法,着重介绍了组成型、组织特异型、天然与人工合成的病原诱导型启动子的研究进展,及其在植物抗病基因工程中的应用现状和存在问题,并展望了植物抗病相关启动子的应用前景。  相似文献   

3.
高等植物启动子的研究进展   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
从高等植物启动子的基本结构、启动子克隆方法入手,着重介绍了组成型、组织特异性及诱导型启动子的研究进展及其在植物基因工程方面的应用情况,提出了植物启动子研究中存在的问题与展望。  相似文献   

4.
种子特异性启动子研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
植物的种子,尤其是油料和谷类作物的种子与人类的生产生活关系非常密切,因此,也成为植物基因工程中进行改良的重要目标材料。转化的外源基因在植物受体组织中能否正确、高效并按照人们的意愿特异地表达是人们非常关注的问题。启动子驱使外源基因在受体植株中启动转录是外源基因能够表达的必要条件。目前人们所广泛研究的种子特异性启动子基本上属于Ⅱ类启动子,它可以驱使外源基因在植物的种子中特异表达,按照人们的意愿改进植物代谢途径,提高种子中营养物质含量等。种子特异性启动子的结构符合Ⅱ类启动子的特点,具有基本启动子、起始子和上游元件。它区别于其它类型启动子的一个显著特点是上游存在一些特异的调控元件与调控种子特异性基因的特异表达有关。本文综述了高等植物种子特异性启动子的结构及其在植物基因工程中的最新研究进展。对这类启动子的结构和功能元件的了解,有助于人们更加深入地理解高等植物基因表达调控机制,提高人们对植物种子发育过程及有机物在种子中积累机制的认识,而且可以为植物基因工程中生物反应器的研究提供有应用价值的启动子元件。  相似文献   

5.
植物的种子,尤其是油料和谷类作物的种子与人类的生产生活关系非常密切,因此,也成为植物基因工程中进行改良的重要目标材料。转化的外源基因在植物受体组织中能否正确、高效并按照人们的意愿特异地表达是人们非常关注的问题。启动子驱使外源基因在受体植株中启动转录是外源基因能够表达的必要条件。目前人们所广泛研究的种子特异性启动子基本上属于II类启动子,它可以驱使外源基因在植物的种子中特异表达,按照人们的意愿改进植物代谢途径,提高种子中营养物质含量等。种子特异性启动子的结构符合II类启动子的特点,具有基本启动子、起始子和上游元件。它区别于其它类型启动子的一个 显著特点是上游存在一些特异的调控元件与调控种子特异性基因的特异表达有关。本文综述了高等植物种子特异性启动子的结构及其在植物基因工程中的最新研究进展。对这类启动子的结构和功能元件的了解,有助于人们更加深入地理解高等植物基因表达调控机制,提高人们对植物种子发育过程及有机物在种子中积累机制的认识,而且可以为植物基因工程中生物反应器的研究提供有应用价值的启动子元件。  相似文献   

6.
植物果实的特异型启动子   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
姚嵘  马三梅 《生命的化学》2006,26(4):336-338
植物果实特异型启动子能控制外源基因在果实中特异表达。目前已获得的果实特异型启动子主要包括E8、2A11/2A12、PG、MCPI、B33和ACC氧化酶启动子等。该文主要对这些果实特异性启动子及其存在的问题进行了总结,并对该领域今后的发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

7.
在抗逆基因工程中,大多采用的是组成型表达启动子,组成型表达启动子驱动外源抗逆基因表达虽然可以提高转基因植物的抗逆性,但会导致转基因植株生长迟缓或不育;而胁迫诱导型启动子则可提高转基因植物的抗逆性,不影响其正常生长发育,所以,胁迫诱导型启动子已逐渐用于植物抗逆基因工程。本文介绍不同胁迫诱导型启动子在植物抗逆基因工程中的应用。  相似文献   

8.
为了研究Vip3A基因在转基因抗虫植物中的应用,利用PCR技术克隆了苏云金芽孢杆菌的Vip3A基因和烟草的EF1α启动子,以pB1121质粒为基本载体,构建了分别由组成型CaMV35S启动子和花特异表达的EF1α启动子驱动Vip3A基因的植物表达载体pBIVip3A和pBIEFVip3A,并通过农杆菌介导的方法对烟草进行了遗传转化。经PCR检测,外源基因已整合到烟草基因组中。  相似文献   

9.
高等植物胁迫诱导型启动子的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
逆境胁迫严重影响植物生长发育,降低作物产量。目前在植物抗逆基因工程中,大多使用组成型启动子驱动目的基因表达,组成型启动子的表达虽然能提高转基因植株的抗逆性,但持续过量地表达转化的外源基因有时会阻碍植物的生长且降低其产量。因此,诱导型启动子的研究具有重要的应用价值。该文对近年来植物在逆境胁迫处理下,一些诱导型启动子的种类和功能,可能具有的顺式作用元件,反式作用因子及其研究方法进行了综述。  相似文献   

10.
通过PCR扩增,从拟南芥中克隆出atslA基因启动子(包括叶绿体转运肽),将此启动子与GUS基因相连构建植物瞬时表达载体,用基因枪法将之导入烟草进行瞬时表达。GUS基因检测分析表明,atslA基因启动子能特异的启动GUS基因在烟草叶片中高效表达。  相似文献   

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12.
An analysis of previous data indicated that four structural genes concerned with maltosaccharide utilization in Streptococcus pneumoniae are organized in two operons that are transcribed in opposite directions from a central control region. This region contains two strong promoters subject to repression by a regulatory gene product in the absence of maltose. The nucleotide sequence of the 554-bp control region DNA and adjacent portions of the malX and malM structural genes was determined. Unique reading frames and initiation codons allowed identification of the oppositely oriented structural genes. Putative ribosome binding sites and −10 and −35 RNA-polymerase-binding sites, as well as AT-rich regions farther upstream, were observed proximal to both the X and M genes. The similarity of these sequences to sites found in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis indicated the conservation of control signals in bacteria, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive. A pair of 17-bp hyphenated repeat sequences in the control region may represent repressor binding sites. Two down promoter mutations, V11 and 69, were shown to be deletions in the control region. The V11 mutation, which affected only the MP operon, deleted the promoter adjacent to the M gene. Mutation 69, which reduced both X and M gene functions, deleted the entire segment between the promoters so that they now overlap at their −35 binding sites. As a consequence of this deletion, the AT-rich regions proximal to the promoters were lost. This suggests that the AT-rich regions are important for promoter strength.  相似文献   

13.
The cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (35S) promoter is used extensively for transgene expression in plants. The promoter has been delineated into different subdomains based on deletion analysis and gain-of-function studies. However, cis -elements important for promoter activity have been identified only in the domains B1 ( as-2 element), A1 ( as-1 element) and minimal promoter (TATA box). No cis -elements have been described in subdomains B2–B5, although these are reported to be important for the overall activity of the 35S promoter. We have re-evaluated the contribution of three of these subdomains, namely B5, B4 and B2, to 35S promoter activity by developing several modified promoters. The analysis of β-glucuronidase gene expression driven by the modified promoters in different tissues of primary transgenic tobacco lines, as well as in seedlings of the T1 generation, revealed new facets about the functional organization of the 35S promoter. This study suggests that: (i) the 35S promoter truncated up to –301 functions in a similar manner to the –343 (full-length) 35S promoter; (ii) the Dof core and I-box core observed in the subdomain B4 are important for 35S promoter activity; and (iii) the subdomain B2 is essential for maintaining an appropriate distance between the proximal and distal regions of the 35S promoter. These observations will aid in the development of functional synthetic 35S promoters with decreased sequence homology. Such promoters can be used to drive multiple transgenes without evoking promoter homology-based gene silencing when attempting gene stacking.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Plant genetic engineering has contributed substantially to the understanding of gene regulation and plant development, in the generation of transgenic organisms for widespread usage in agriculture, and has increased the potential uses of crops for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. As the application of geneticallly engineered plants has widened, so has the need to develop methods to fine-tune control of transgene expression. The availability of a broad spectrum of promoters that differ in their ability to regulate the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the transgene can dramatically increase the successful application of transgenic technology. Indeed, a variety of promoters in necessary at all levels of genetic engineering in plants, from basic research discoveries, concepts and question to development of economically viable crops and plant commodities, to addressing legitimate concerns raised about the safety and containment of transgenic plants in the environment. This review covers the characterization and usage of a broad range of promoters employed in plant genetic engineering, including the widespread use of plant promoters with viral and plant origin that drive constitutive expression. Also covered are selected tissue-specific promoters from fruit, seed and grain, tubers, flowers, pistils, anther and pollen, roots and root nodules, and leaves and green tissue. Topics also include organellar promoters, and those found in specific cell types, as well as the development and evaluation of inducible (endogenous and exogenous origin) and synthetic plant promoter systems. Discussions on the relevance and potential pitfalls within specific applications are included.  相似文献   

15.
16.
徐友强  马翠卿  陶飞  许平 《生物工程学报》2010,26(10):1393-1403
细菌启动子是细菌中基因表达的必需调控元件,决定了细菌基因表达的强度和时机。通过启动子的插入或缺失,可以改变细菌基因的表达,实现对菌体生长发育以及代谢调控的研究。启动子也是构建各种表达系统、实现异源基因表达的基础。启动子的识别和应用研究,对于实现异源基因的可控表达、有效获得目的产物、促进生物催化和代谢工程研究具有重要的意义。以下对细菌启动子进行了简单的介绍,总结了细菌启动子的识别方法,并对细菌启动子的研究进展和具体应用进行了概述。  相似文献   

17.
The distance between the TATAAAAG box and initiator element of the strong adenovirus major late promoter was systematically altered to determine the optimal spacing for simultaneous recognition of both elements. We find that the TATAAAAG element is strongly dominant over the initiator for specification of the start site. The wild type spacing of 23 base pairs between TATAAAAG and +1A is optimal for promoter strength and selective recognition of the A-start. Initiation is constrained to a window spaced 19-26 base pairs downstream of (-31)-TATAAAAG-(-24), and A-starts are favored over alternate starts only when spaced between 21 and 25 base pairs downstream of TATAAAAG. We report an expanded TATAAAAG and initiator promoter consensus for vertebrates and plants. Plant promoters of this class are (A-T)-rich and have an A-rich (non-template strand) core promoter sequence element downstream of +1A.  相似文献   

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Electrical discharge particle acceleration was used to test the transient expression of numerous inducible angiosperm promoters in a gymnospermPicea glauca (white spruce). Promoter expression was assayed in three different tissues capable ofin vitro regeneration, zygotic embryos, seedlings and embryogenic callus. The promoters tested include the light-inducibleArabidopsis and soybean ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate small subunit promoters and a maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase promoter; a soybean heat-shock-inducible promoter, a soybean auxin inducible promoter and a maize alcohol dehydrogenase promoter. Promoters were cloned into a promoter-less expression vector to form a promoter--glucuronidase-nopaline synthase 3 fusion. A similar construct was made using the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV 35S) promoter as a control. All promoters were expressed in white spruce embryos, yet at levels lower than CaMV 35S. In addition, in the embryos the heat-shock and the alcohol dehydrogenase promoters showed inducible expression when given the proper induction stimulus. In seedlings, expression of all promoters was lower than in the embryos and expression was only inducible with the heat-shock promoter in the cotyledons. Of the tissues tested, the expression level of all promoters was lowest in embryogenic callus. Interestingly, the expression of the -glucuronidase gene in embryogenic callus was restricted to the proembryonal head cells regardless of the promoter used. These results clearly demonstrate the use of particle bombardment to test the transient expression of heterologous promoters in organized tissue and the expression of angiosperm promoters in a gymnosperm.  相似文献   

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