AIDS合并马尔尼菲青霉病36例分析

目的探讨艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病的临床表现,治疗与转归。方法回顾分析本院2008年8月～2009年8月收治的艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉36例。结果 36例艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病平均年龄35.8岁。马尔尼菲青霉感染临床表现呈现非特异性,其中发热86.11%,贫血94.44%,GGT升高69.44%,AST升高63.89%,淋巴结肿大88.89%,脾大63.89%,低蛋白血症83.33%,咳嗽36.11%,皮损30.56%(其中典型改变仅5例,占13.89%),CD4+50cells/mm388.89%,骨髓培养(27/27)及皮损活检培养(2/2)阳性率100%,血液培养阳性率69.44%(25/36)。36例经抗真菌治疗,其中29例给予HAART治疗,28例治愈,7例好转,1例死亡。结论马尔尼菲青霉是艾滋病常见的机会性感染,早发现,早治疗,长程敏感抗真菌药物联合治疗可提高治愈率,减少复发。     

艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病256例临床研究

目的探讨艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病的流行病学、临床特点、早期确诊方法及治疗方案。方法对2007年1月-2008年12月我院收治的256例艾滋病合并马尔尼菲青霉病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果1 404例艾滋病患者中合并马尔尼菲青霉病者共256例,发生率为18.2%,患者以发热、消瘦、贫血、咳嗽、咳痰、皮疹、淋巴结肿大为主要表现,外周血CD4＋T淋巴细胞平均值为19×10^6/L,患者往往还合并其他多种机会性感染,以口腔念珠菌病、耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎、结核病等多见。两性霉素B治疗组临床疗效优于氟康唑治疗组,伴有皮疹者和无皮疹者病死率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论马尔尼菲青霉病是广西艾滋病患者常见的机会性感染之一,主要发生于CD4＋T淋巴细胞〈50×10^6/L的患者。血培养是早期确诊马尔尼菲青霉病的最有效方法,治疗上首选两性霉素B。     

马尔尼菲青霉病12例临床回顾性分析

目的 分析我院马尔尼菲青霉病的临床特征和预后.方法 回顾性分析我院2003年1月～2012年12月10 a间诊断的12例马尔尼菲青霉病,分析其临床表现、实验室和辅助检查、治疗和预后.结果 除了既往报道的临床表现如发热、皮疹、咳嗽、气促、浆膜腔积液、肝脾淋巴结肿大、消化道症状、溶骨性损害外,还包括咽痛、双下肢水肿、血管闭塞或狭窄.实验室检查发现尿常规异常6例,其中4例血肌酐升高.4例HIV阳性患者中3例给予伊曲康唑单用或联合两性霉素B治疗好转出院.8例HIV阴性患者给予伏立康唑单用或联合其他抗真菌药物治疗,5例有效,3例在起始抗真菌治疗后2～11d死亡,其中2例有气促和腹水.结论 马尔尼菲青霉病除了既往报道累单核巨噬细胞系统外,也可累及咽部黏膜、泌尿系统、外周循环系统.应用伏立康唑或伊曲康唑治疗有效,气促和腹水可能提示预后差,早期诊治可能改变患者的预后.     

非人类免疫缺陷病毒感染马尔尼菲青霉病9例临床特征分析及文献复习

为探讨和总结非人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者发生马尔尼菲青霉病的临床特点,回顾性研究复旦大学附属华山医院感染科2007年1月-2017年8月收治的9例及同期发表文献中的马尔尼菲青霉病病例,分析其临床表现、实验室检查、治疗及转归。9例马尔尼菲青霉病患者的HIV检测均为阴性,5例CD4^＋ T细胞计数正常。非HIV感染马尔尼菲青霉病的起病较缓,临床表现与经典马尔尼菲青霉病类似,真菌血症较少见,病理特点以肉芽肿改变及化脓性炎症为主,诊断方法仍以培养为主(8/9),1例通过病理及二代测序技术诊断。目前,非HIV感染马尔尼菲青霉病发病率有升高趋势,部分发生于免疫正常人群,需引起临床医师的重视。     

艾滋病并发马尔尼菲青霉败血症1例

目的：报道1例马尔尼菲青霉败血症。方法患者男性,39岁,主因“发热伴淋巴结肿大1个月”就诊。进行骨髓瑞士染色、血液接种于有氧及厌氧培养瓶、沙氏培养基培养等检查,并对培养物进行形态学及 rDNA 序列鉴定。结果骨髓涂片见细胞内分隔孢子,3种培养方法均见真菌生长。沙氏培养基上菌落为丝状菌,表面为黄绿色粉末状,背面为红色;脑心浸汁培养基为酵母样菌落,37℃培养受限制。经 DNA 序列分析,与马尔尼菲青霉相似性在100℅,鉴定为马尔尼菲青霉。患者诊断为艾滋病并马尔尼菲青霉败血症,立即给予氟康唑治疗,转入传染病医院后因极度衰弱死亡。结论败血症可作为马尔尼菲青霉病首发症状,临床应予以重视;患者血液极具传染性,应注意隔离;对于有冶游史的不明原因发热患者,注意考虑本病可能,必要时行血液培养及 HIV 检测。     

HIV抗体阳性合并马尔尼菲青霉菌感染的临床特点

目的对HIV阳性合并马尔尼菲青霉菌的临床特点进行分析,揭示免疫能力递减的程度,易感马尔尼菲青霉菌之间的关系,给临床诊断提供帮助。方法以我院收治的3例HIV阳性合并马尔尼菲青霉菌感染患者为例,总结分析其生物学特点。结果三位患者都为中年男性,以间断发热、呼吸困难、干咳为主要临床表现,肺部影像学提示双肺弥漫性病变,外院治疗无效后转入我院,确诊为HIV阳性,经血培养诊断为马尔尼菲青霉菌感染。患者血CD4~+T细胞计数后,CD4~+T细胞均2%(正常值31%~60%)。结论 HIV阳性时,不明原因发热,肺部感染,免疫功能受损到一定程度时,易合并马尔尼菲青霉菌感染,临床症状较重并有很高的死亡率。     

马尔尼菲青霉的分子生物学研究进展

马尔尼菲青霉是一种主要累及免疫受损患者的条件致病性双相真菌,近年来随着HIV感染的增多,马尔尼菲青霉病发病率呈现逐年上升的趋势。国内外学者对马尔尼菲青霉及其致病机制进行了大量的研究,尤其是分子生物学方法的应用,使人们对马尔尼菲青霉的真菌学特点和马尔尼菲青霉病的发病机制有了更深入的了解,使早期诊疗成为可能。该文主要从分子流行病学、分子遗传学和分子生物学诊断方面对马尔尼菲青霉进行综述。     

非HIV感染的马尔尼菲青霉病2例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨非HIV感染的马尔尼菲青霉病的临床特征,提高对本病的早期诊断与治疗水平.方法 分析广州医科大学附属第一医院广州呼吸疾病研究所收治的2例非HIV感染的马尔尼菲青霉病患者的临床、影像、微生物和病理资料,并复习相关文献.结果 例1,男,37岁,反复咳嗽、发热1个月,双肩关节疼痛伴消瘦,广谱抗生素治疗无效,左锁骨上及左腹股沟淋巴结肿大,头颅MR发现颅内及咽后脓肿,经纤维支气管镜肺活检及脓液培养确诊马尔尼菲青霉病,继发性癫痫.予两性霉素B脂质体静滴治疗后好转出院,继续予伊曲康唑口服液治疗3个月症状消失,复查胸部CT及头颅MRI病灶吸收,患者自行停药后复发,再次予两性霉素B脂质体治疗仍有效.例2,男,32岁,咳嗽、咳痰5月余,皮下肿块伴发热3月余,胸部CT示纵膈脓肿伴胸骨骨髓炎形成,抽吸脓液培养有马尔尼菲青霉生长.予两性霉素B脂质体抗真菌治疗过程中,患者继发感染性休克,弥漫性血管内凝血.结论 马尔尼菲青霉病属于少见病,侵犯颅内的是国内首例报道,经纤维支气管镜肺活检和脓液培养可确诊.复发病例予两性霉素B脂质体治疗仍有效.早期诊断是提高治愈率的关键.     

AIDS合并马尔尼菲青霉病误诊为亚急性重症肝炎1例

马尔尼菲青霉菌（Penicillium marniffei,Pm）是新出现的病原体,感染主要见于东南亚人群及HIV感染者和AIDS患者。我国台湾、广西、深圳已有少数AIDS合并马尔尼菲青霉菌感染病例报道。马尔尼菲青霉菌感染好发于免疫功能极其低下的人,易累及全身组织器官,可合并其他疾病,多有贫血表现。临床极易误诊。现将1例误诊为亚急性重症肝炎的AIDS合并马尔尼菲青霉病报告如下。     

非人类免疫缺陷病毒感染儿童马内菲青霉病合并淋巴结结核1例

本文报道1例非人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染儿童马内菲青霉病合并淋巴结结核。患儿2岁11个月,男性,因“发现耳后淋巴结肿大2年余,加重伴反复发热5个月”入院,经多种抗生素治疗无效。抗结核治疗后体温暂时消退,后反复发热。考虑真菌感染,予伏立康唑治疗,病情明显好转,骨髓穿刺培养找到马内菲青霉。患儿随访行淋巴结穿刺确诊淋巴结结核。结合该病例,本文就马内菲青霉病及其合并结核病的特点、临床表现、诊断、治疗等方面进行文献复习,以提高对该病的认识和诊断、治疗水平。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.