OBSERVATIONS ON THE ATTACK BY THE STEM EELWORM, DITYLENCHUS DIPSACI, ON STRAWBERRY

Four biologic races of Ditylenchus dipsaci can cause stem eelworm disease on twelve varieties of strawberry, all but one cultivated in Great Britain. The course of attack on strawberry, host reaction and the ways in which the disease originates and is disseminated are described.     

A NOTE ON THE ACTION OF CURARE,ATROPINE, AND NICOTINE ON THE INVERTEBRATE HEART

1. The alkaloids (curare, atropine, and nicotine) in molluscs and arthropods stimulate and paralyze the central nervous system and peripheral (visceral) ganglia, but do not paralyze the motor nerve endings to skeletal or visceral muscle. 2. They stimulate and paralyze the denervated heart. 3. They paralyze or block the cardioinhibitory nerves, but not the cardioaccelerator nerves. 4. In the Limulus heart these drugs act primarily on the heart ganglion, not on the heart muscle or the intrinsic motor nerve fibers.     

陕西省化龙山森林植被垂直分布的初步研究

 本文对陕西省化龙山植被的垂直分布特点进行了初步研究。文中采用了数量分类结合对群落生态特点及区系组成的分析,划分出森林植被垂直带如下：常绿、落叶阔叶混交林带,海拔1600m以下;落叶阔叶林带,海拔1600—2200m;亚高山针叶林带,海拔2200—2917m。     

皱弱蛛属及其模式种的雌性新发现(蜘蛛目,弱蛛科)

首次报道了采自中国河北省赞皇县障石岩风景区(九女峰景区)的宽跗皱弱蛛Rhyssoleptoneta latitarsa Tong & Li,2007的雌性标本,并对该种的雄性模式标本进行重描述.标本保存与中国科学院动物研究所.     

NOTES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE HYDROID, CORYMORPHA PALMA

Corymorpha, like Porpita, exhibits a synchronous oral flexion,or "concert," of its proximal tentacles. As this is unlike thecontractile writhings of siphonophoran zooids, the concert maybe a significant character in linking the behavior of Porpitamore closely to hydroids than to siphonophores. Except for thisresponse the behavior of Corymorpha and Porpita are different.In Porpita a through-conducting system forms the only link betweententacles, whereas in Corymorpha both local and through-conductingsystems connect tentacles. Corymorpha engages in rhythmic bottom-feedingusing distal tentacles which have no homologue in Porpita. Themechanical properties of the musculo-skeletal system are differentin the two, giving tentacle motions in Corymorpha a continuousappearance, and in Porpita a spasmodic appearance. Reduced glutathione, glycine, DL-serine, L-cysteine and L-glutamicacid can elicit a feeding response in Corymorpha. Sodium thioglycollateand sucrose elicit no response. Glycine is the most effectivestimulant, ca. 5 X 10^–7 M solution being effective. L-glutamicacid gives the weakest response. The presence of chemicals alonecan be sufficient to elicit the feeding reaction in starvedanimals. In moderately well-fed animals, touch may be required.In fully fed animals both touch and chemicals may be insufficient. Parker reports that when Corymorpha is shocked electricallyon its stalk it will bend the stalk so as to apply the hydranthaccurately to the stimulated spot. The response I found wasa curling of the stalk toward the side stimulated, but not toa specific spot on the stalk. Chemical or tactile stimuli maybe necessary for final location of the stimulated site. Parkerreported that the response remained accurate even after severalcuts had been made in the stalk. I could find no evidence forthis.     

论早寒武世三叶虫大古油栉虫属

报道采自云南昆明高楼房及武定石将军乌龙箐组剖面古油栉虫类(palaeolenid)的新材料。详细研究和比较后确认Mansuy(1912)所建立Palaeolenus属的3个种特征明显,特别是P.deprati Mansuy与P.douvillei Mansuy区别较大,不能合并为一个种;以Palaeolenusdeprati Mansuy为模式种建立的Megapalaeolenus Chang,1966应该成立。根据地层分布,下寒武统沧浪铺阶上部的Palaeolenus和Megapalaeolenus两个化石带仍然适用于华中、西南地区早寒武世中期的地层划分,华北和东北南部只存在Megapalaeolenus带的地层,而Palaeolenus带的地层缺失。     

道贝线虫的组织化学研究

道贝线虫肠细胞中的金橙颗粒经组织化学证明含有血红蛋白,同时也证明此线虫没有铁离子的储备,不能合成血红蛋白。作者认为血红蛋白来自其寄主旋螺,其主要功能为储备氧。     

THE INFLUENCE OF DETERGENTS ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA,ESPECIALLY ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE STELLATE CELLS OF THE FROG LIVER

1. After a consideration of the physicochemical properties of detergents, it was deemed worth while to study some of their physiological effects. As nonpolar-polar electrolytes, the detergents are surface-active and as such cytolytics; but probably due to their dispersing and wetting properties, they are cytolytic in a fashion different from that of other cytolytics. The detergents tested were alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, and bile salts. 2. The cytolytic power has been tested in two ways, (1) with red cells by following the escape of hemoglobin, (2) with muscles by measuring the development of an injury potential. In both series of experiments the threshold concentrations of action have been determined. The effect on the potentials has proved to be, in general, reversible. 3. The hemolytic and the myolytic power run fairly parallel to the surface activity. 4. Dehydrocholate has been found to be lacking in nonpolar-polar properties. 5. The stellate cells (Kupffer cells) of the Ringer-perfused frog liver are unable to take up colloidal dyestuffs (trypan blue and soluble blue R), except after addition of a small amount of serum to the perfusing Ringer solution. Only under the latter conditions, the uptake of dye is increased by adding a detergent. This seems to be due to the combined action of the proteins and the detergents. 6. The effect of relatively high concentrations of detergent is disintegration of the stellate cells; viz., cytolysis. There are reasons to assume that small concentrations, which produce a threshold increase of the dyestuff uptake, raise the functional activity.     

THE LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI ON SPECIES OF THE GENERABAEOMYCES,DIBAEIS, ANDICMADOPHILAIN NORWAY

Lichenicolous fungi on species of the generaBaeomyces,Dibaeis, andIcmadophilain Norway includeAcarosporium lichenicolaIhlen & Tønsberg sp. nov.,Cercidospora parvaHafellner & Ihlen sp. nov.,Phoma maculiformansIhlen sp. nov.,Micarea inquinans(reported new to Scandinavia),Arthrorhaphis vacillans,Pyrenidium actinellums. lat.,Sphaerellothecium coniodes(all new to Norway),Arthrorhaphis alpina,A. citrinella,A. grisea,A. muddii,Dactylospora athallina,D. attendenda,Epilichen glauconigellus,E. scabrosus,Stigmidium icmadophilae,Thelocarpon epibolum, andT. lichenicola. Their anatomy and morphology are described, and a key to the taxa provided. Host preferences are discussed, and distribution maps are provided for the obligately lichenicolous fungi and those that also occur autonomously.     

武昌东湖渔获物的分析研究及合理放养的初步探讨

本文研究了武昌东湖1973—1975年度渔获物的情况,并从鱼类生态学的角度探讨了东湖合理放养的若干问题。东湖是养殖湖泊。在不投饵的情况下,年产量从1971年的36.5万斤,逐年上升到1975年的81万斤,折合亩产36.8斤。渔获物中放养鱼类占88—96%,主要为鲢、鳙,其次是草鱼。其他野杂鱼所占比例很小。通过对不同规格的鱼种的生长率和回捕率的分析,表明鱼种规格越大,回捕率越高,生长速度越快。根据三年来渔获物的分析,本文最后讨论了东湖渔业的生产潜力和合理放养问题,提出了对现有鱼类种群结构进行调整的建议。