Streptosporangium subfuscum sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)

A Gram-stain positive, filamentous bacterial strain, designated strain NEAU-TWSJ13^T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) plant collected in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The strain was observed to form abundant aerial hyphae differentiated into spherical sporangia. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain NEAU-TWSJ13^T belongs to the genus Streptosporangium, being most closely related to Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847^T (98.6 %). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that it formed a phyletic line with S. fragile DSM 43847^T, Streptosporangium jomthongense NBRC 110047^T (98.4 % 16S rRNA gene similarity) and Streptosporangium violaceochromogenes DSM 43849^T (97.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity). A combination of DNA–DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics indicated that strain NEAU-TWSJ13^T can be distinguished from S. fragile DSM 43847^T and S. jomthongense NBRC 110047^T. Moreover, strain NEAU-TWSJ13^T can also be differentiated from S. violaceochromogenes DSM 43849^T and other Streptosporangium species showing high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.0 %) by morphological and physiological characteristics. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-TWSJ13^T represents a novel species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium subfuscum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-TWSJ13^T ( = CGMCC 4.7146^T = DSM = 46724^T).     

Rhizobium smilacinae sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from the leaf of Smilacina japonica

During a study of endophytic bacteria from traditional Chinese medicinal plants, a bacterial strain, designated PTYR-5^T, was isolated from the leaf of Smilacina japonica A. Gray collected from Taibai Mountain in Shaanxi Province, north-west China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PTYR-5^T is a member of the genus Rhizobium, exhibiting the highest sequence similarities to R. cellulosilyticum LMG 23642^T (97.2 %), R. huautlense LMG 18254^T (97.2 %) and R. alkalisoli CCBAU 01393^T (97.1 %). The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to other Rhizobium species with validly published names were less than 97.0 %. Phylogenies of the housekeeping genes atpD, recA and glnII confirmed its distinct position, showing low similarity with respect to those of recognized Rhizobium species (no more than 94.1?, 90.0 and 88.0 ?    % similarity, respectively). The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain PTYR-5^T with R. cellulosilyticum LMG 23642^T, R. huautlense LMG 18254^T and R. alkalisoli CCBAU 01393^T were 33.6, 21.4 and 29.5 %, respectively. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain PTYR-5^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhizobium, for which the name Rhizobium smilacinae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PTYR-5^T (=CCTCC AB 2013016^T=KCTC 32300^T=LMG 27604^T).     

Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater,Fujian province,China

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped aerobic bacterium with flagella, designated strain Y32^T, was isolated from coastal seawater in Xiamen, Fujian Province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain Y32^T is a member of the family Oceanospirillaceae, forming a distinct lineage with species of the genus Litoribacillus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain Y32^T and other strains were all less than 94.0 %. Strain Y32^T was found to grow optimally at 28 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 4–5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were identified as Summed Feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c, 49.4 %), C_16:0 (17.7 %), C_14:0 (6.9 %) and C_18:1 ω9c (5.4 %). The major respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain Y32^T was determined to be 55.6 mol%. According to its morphology, physiology, fatty acid composition, polar lipids composition and 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain Y32^T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Oceanospirillaceae, for which the name Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Litoribrevibacter albus is Y32^T (=MCCC 1F01211^T=NBRC 110071^T).     

Bacterioplanes sanyensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a PHB-accumulating bacterium isolated from a pool of Spirulina platensis cultivation

A Gram-negative, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating rod bacterium, strain GYP-2^T, was isolated from a pool of marine Spirulina platensis cultivation, Sanya, China. Growth was observed at 10–45 °C and pH 6–10 in the presence of 1–10 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate belonged to Gammaproteobacteria and displayed 93.8–95.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequences similarities to members of the genera Thalassolituus, Oleibacter, and Oceanobacter, but house-keeping gene gyrB (encode DNA gyrase beta subunit) demonstrated that the new isolate was distantly related to Thalassolituus, Oleibacter, and Oceanobacter species (only 77–83 % gene gyrB sequences similarities).The G+C content of genomic DNA was 55 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-9, while that for Oceanobacter kriegii LMG 6238^T was Q-8. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of its physiological, chemotaxonomic, and molecular properties, strain GYP-2^T is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus in Gammaproteobacteria, for which the name Bacterioplanes sanyensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GYP-2^T (=CGMCC 1.12392^T=KCTC 32220^T).     

Seohaeicola nanhaiensis sp. nov., A Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Isolated from the Benthic Sediment of South China Sea

An aerobic, Gram-staining negative, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, SS011A0-7#2-2^T, was isolated from the sediment of South China Sea with the depth of 1,500 m. Optimum growth occurred at pH 8.0, 30 °C, and 6 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T did not synthesize bacteriochlorophyll a or carotenoid, neither possess photosynthesis genes. Its genome DNA G+C content was 67.9 mol%. It contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c (52.3 %) as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipid, and unidentified aminolipid. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that it was closely related to Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T, Phaeobacter gallaeciensis BS 107^T and Roseovarius pacificus 81-2^T in Rhodobacteraceae, with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities being 96.5, 95.7, and 95.6 %, respectively. However, the phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T was a member of the genus Seohaeicola. Strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T was moderately halophilic which was different from Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T, and it showed the enzyme activities and carbon source spectrum significantly different from Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T. As its physiological and chemotaxinomic properties were different from those of Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T, strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T represents a novel species of the genus Seohaecola. The name Seohaeicola nanhaiensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T (=LMG 27733^T = CGMCC 1.12759^T) as the type strain.     

Antarctobacter jejuensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater in Jeju,Korea

A novel bacterium, designated strain 13-2-B6^T, was isolated from seawater adjacent to Songak Mountain on Jeju Island, South Korea. The novel strain was observed to be Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile with a single polar flagellum. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain 13-2-B6^T was determined to be phylogenetically closely related to the type strain of Antarctobacter heliothermus, currently the sole species of the genus Antarctobacter (family Rhodobacteraceae). Sequence similarity between the 16S rRNA genes of strain 13-2-B6^T and A. heliothermus EL-219^T is 96.9 %. Strain 13-2-B6^T was found to grow optimally at 25–30 °C, pH 7.0–8.0 and 3 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant isoprenoid quinone in strain 13-2-B6^T was identified as ubiquinone Q-10 and the major fatty acids were identified as C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, two unknown phospholipids, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown lipid were found to be components of the polar lipid profile. The G + C content of strain 13-2-B6^T was determined to be 62 mol %. On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 13-2-B6^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Antarctobacter, for which the name Antarctobacter jejuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13-2-B6^T (=KCTC 42009^T =JCM 19898^T).     

Thalassobius aquaeponti sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from seawater

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, GJSW-22^T, which was isolated from seawater at Geoje island in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain GJSW-22^T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain GJSW-22^T grouped with the type strains of Thalassobius species, forming a stable cluster with the type strain of Thalassobius aestuarii (bootstrap value of 83.2 %). Strain GJSW-22^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (98.0 %) to the type strain of T. aestuarii. It exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.6–96.1 % to the type strains of the other Thalassobius species. Strain GJSW-22^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c and 11-methyl C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain GJSW-22^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G + C content of strain GJSW-22^T is 60.3 mol % and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with the type strain of T. aestuarii was 23 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, confirmed that strain GJSW-22^T is distinct from other Thalassobius species. On the basis of the data presented, strain GJSW-22^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassobius, for which the name Thalassobius aquaeponti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJSW-22^T (=KCTC 42115^T = NBRC 110378^T).     

Siansivirga jejunensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater of Jeju Island in Korea and emendation of the genus Siansivirga

A Gram-stain negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterium, strain JHH-2^T, was isolated from seawater collected in Jeju Island, Korea. The novel isolate was found to grow at 25–30 °C, at pH 6.5–7.0 and in the presence of 1–2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JHH-2^T is closely related to Siansivirga zeaxanthinifaciens JCM 17682^T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.6 %. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone-6 and the major cellular fatty acids were detected as iso-C_15:0, C_16:0 and iso-C_17:0 3-OH. Polar lipid profiling revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of the chromosomal DNA of the type strain is 35.6 mol%. On the basis of several distinct phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, a new species of the genus Siansivirga, Siansivirga jejunensis JHH-2^T sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JHH-2^T (= KCCM 92030^T = JCM 19228^T).     

Acinetobacter refrigeratorensis sp. nov., Isolated from a Domestic Refrigerator

A Gram-negative bacterial strain, designated WB1^T, was isolated from a domestic refrigerator in Guangzhou, PR China. Cells of strain WB1^T were oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile coccobacilli with peritrichous fimbriae-like structures. The strain was able to grow at 10–40 °C with optimum growth at 28–30 °C, pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0–6 % NaCl (w/v, optimum, 0.5 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and rpoB gene sequences revealed that strain WB1^T belonged to the genus Acinetobacter and was most closely related to A. indicus DSM 25388^T (97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and A. radioresistens NBRC 102413^T (96.8 %). The DNA G + C content of strain WB1^T was 46.74 ± 0.04 mol % and the major fatty acids comprised summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c), C_18:1 ω9c, C_16:0 and C_12:0. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as Q-9 and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified phospholipid. Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, including low DNA–DNA relatedness with closely related type strains, supported that strain WB1^T represents a distinct novel species in the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter refrigeratorensis sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is WB1^T (=GIMCC 1.663^T = CCTCC AB 2014197^T = KCTC 42011^T).     

Bacillus thermophilum sp. nov., isolated from a microbial fuel cell

A novel thermophilic, Gram-staining positive bacterium, designated DX-2^T, was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell. Cells of the strain were oxidase positive, catalase positive, facultative anaerobic, motile rods. The isolate grew at 30–60 °C (optimum 50 °C) and pH 5–9 (optimum pH 8–8.5). The pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain DX-2^T was most closely related to Bacillus fumarioli LMG 17489^T (96.2 %), B. firmus JCM 2512^T (96.0 %) and B. foraminis DSM 19613^T (95.7 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-2^T formed a cluster with B. smithii (95.5 %) and B. infernus (94.9 %). The genomic G+C content of DX-2^T was 43.7 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown phospholipids. The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C_16:0. Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features, and results of phylogenetic analysis, the strain was identified to represent a distinct novel species in the genus Bacillus, and the name proposed is B. thermophilum sp. nov. The type strain is DX-2^T (=CCTCC AB2012194^T = KCTC 33128^T).     

Loktanella aestuariicola sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from a tidal flat

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, J-TF4^T, which was isolated from a tidal flat in the South Sea of South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain J-TF4^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain J-TF4^T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of Loktanella species, clustering with the type strains of Loktanella cinnabarina, Loktanella hongkongensis, Loktanella soesokkakensis, Loktanella pyoseonensis and ‘Loktanella variabilis’ showing sequence similarity values of 97.2–98.4 %. The strain exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.1–95.4 % to the type strains of the other Loktanella species. Strain J-TF4^T was found to have Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain J-TF4^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain J-TF4^T was determined to be 67.9 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of five phylogenetically related Loktanella species were 17.7–23.3 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic data, demonstrate that strain J-TF4^T is separated from other Loktanella species. On the basis of the data presented, strain J-TF4^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella, for which the name Loktanella aestuariicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J-TF4^T (=KCTC 42135^T=NBRC 110408^T).     

Nitratireductor shengliensis sp. nov., Isolated from an Oil-Polluted Saline Soil

Two Gram-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterial isolates, designated 110399^T and 110248, were isolated from an oil-polluted saline soil in Shengli Oilfield, Eastern China. The two strains shared 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the DNA–DNA relatedness value being 80.0 %. They were both capable to grow at 20–40 °C, pH 7–9, and 1–9 % (w/v) NaCl with the optimum growth happened at 30 °C, pH 8, and 2–6 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the two strains were members of Nitratireductor and most closely related to Nitratireductor pacificus pht-3B^T and N. basaltis J3^T with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities being 97.1 and 97.0 %. The DNA–DNA relatedness between the novel strains and two type strains were below 27 ± 7 %. The strains 110399^T and 110248 also differed from N. pacificus and N. basaltis in nitrate reduction, salt tolerance, enzyme activities, and utilization of carbon sources. The major cellular fatty acids of strain 110399^T were C_19:0ω8c cyclo (10.5 %) and Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c, 41.5 %) which are typical in the genus Nitratireductor. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10. The genome DNA G+C content of strain 110399^T and 110248 was 61.1 and 61.7 mol%. On the basis of genetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strains 110399^T and 110248 represent a novel species within the genus Nitratireductor, for which the name Nitratireductor shengliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 110399^T (=CGMCC 1.12519^T = LMG 27405^T).     

Polaribacter marinivivus sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater

A Gram-stain negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GYSW-15^T, was isolated from a seawater of Geoje island on the South Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain GYSW-15^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of approximately 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GYSW-15^T belongs to the genus Polaribacter, clustering coherently with the type strain of Polaribacter porphyrae showing sequence similarity value of 97.0 %. Strain GYSW-15^T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.3–96.4 % to the type strains of the other Polaribacter species. Strain GYSW-15^T was found to contain MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1 G, iso-C_16:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile of strain GYSW-15^T containing phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid as major components was similar to that of the type strain of P. porphyrae. The DNA G + C content of strain GYSW-15^T was determined to be 31.2 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness with P. porphyrae LMG 26671^T was 17 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GYSW-15^T is separated from recognized Polaribacter species. On the basis of the data presented, strain GYSW-15^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Polaribacter, for which the name Polaribacter marinivivus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GYSW-15^T ( = KCTC 42156^T = CECT 8655^T)     

Mariniflexile ostreae sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from an oyster

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain able to move by gliding, designated TYO-10^T, was isolated from an oyster collected at Tongyoung on the South Sea, South Korea. Strain TYO-10^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain TYO-10^T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Mariniflexile species. Strain TYO-10^T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.4–95.7 % to the type strains of Mariniflexile species and of less than 95.4 % to the type strains of other recognized species. Strain TYO-10^T was found to contain MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1 G, anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH and iso-C_15:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain TYO-10^T were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid, which is similar to those of the type strains of Mariniflexile species, but different from those of other phylogenetically related species. The DNA G+C content of strain TYO-10^T was determined to be 35.9 mol%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain TYO-10^T is separated from other Mariniflexile species. On the basis of the data presented, strain TYO-10^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mariniflexile, for which the name Mariniflexile ostreae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TYO-10^T (= KCTC 42113^T = CECT 8622^T).     

Halomonas shantousis sp. nov., a novel biogenic amines degrading bacterium isolated from Chinese fermented fish sauce

A Gram-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium, designated SWA25^T, was isolated from Chinese fermented fish sauce in Shantou, Guangdong Province, China. Strain SWA25^T was moderately halophilic, formed colourless colonies and grew at 10–45 °C (optimum, 37 °C) and pH 4–9 (optimum, 6–7) in the presence of 0.5–22.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3 %). The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were identified as C_18:1 ω7C, C_16:0, C_16:1 ω7c, and C_19:0 cyclo ω8c, and the predominant respiratory ubiquinone was Q-9. The genomic DNA G+C content was 61.3 ± 2.1 mol %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SWA25^T belonged to the genus Halomonas in the family Halomonadaceae. The closest relatives were Halomonas xianhensis A-1^T (96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), H. lutea DSM 23508^T (96.5 %) and H. muralis LMG 20969^T (96.1 %). DNA–DNA hybridization assays showed 30.7 ± 2.6 % relatedness between strain SWA25^T and H. xianhensis A-1^T, and 39.4 ± 4.1 % between strain SWA25^T and H. lutea DSM 23508^T. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain SWA25^T should be placed in the genus Halomonas as a representative of a novel species. The name Halomonas shantousis sp. nov. is proposed, with SWA25^T(=CCTCC AB 2013151^T = JCM 19368^T) as the type strain.     

Simiduia aestuariiviva sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from a tidal flat sediment

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated J-MY2^T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment of the South Sea, South Korea. Strain J-MY2^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain J-MY2^T forms a cluster with the type strains of Simiduia species. Strain J-MY2^T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.62–98.77 % to the type strains of four Simiduia species and of <92.95 % sequence similarity to the type strains of the other recognized species. Strain J-MY2^T was found to contain Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c), C_16:0, C_18:1 ω7c and C_17:1 ω8c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain J-MY2^T were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified glycolipids and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain J-MY2^T was determined to be 54.8 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of the four Simiduia species were in the range 21–34 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain J-MY2^T is separated from other Simiduia species. On the basis of the data presented, strain J-MY2^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Simiduia, for which the name Simiduia aestuariiviva sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J-MY2^T ( = KCTC 42073^T = CECT 8571^T).     

Cohnella humi sp. nov., Isolated from Russian Soil

A Gram-positive, catalase and oxidase positive, rod-shaped bacteria, and spore-forming, designated as J20-3^T was isolated from a peat soil, collected near a coal mine at Prokopyevsk, (GPS; N53°52′51″, E86°43′39″) Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. A polyphasic taxonomy study using phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genotypic method was performed to characterize strain J20-3^T. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain J20-3^T represented a novel subline within the genus Cohnella in the family Paenibacillaceae. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain J20-3^T showed 93.7–97.2 % similarity levels with other Cohnella species. Strain J20-3^T exhibited relatively low level of DNA–DNA hybridization value with type strains KACC 11643^T (40 %), KACC 11771^T (37.5 %), and KACC 15372^T (30.5 %). The strain showed typical chemotaxonomic characteristic of the genus Cohnella, with the presence of predominant respiratory quinone MK-7; major fatty acids are C_15:0, C_16:0, iso, and C_16:0. The DNA G+C content of the strain J20-3^T was 56.3 mol%. The polar lipid profile of the strain J20-3^T included major amount of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphoatidylethanolamine. On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties, and its phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain J20-3^T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella humi sp. nov. is proposed.