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1.
李巍 《遗传》2008,30(3):358
问:我母亲患有乳光牙,遗传给了我。现在我到了生育年龄,怎样才能生育正常健康的宝宝? 答:遗传性乳光牙本质又称遗传性牙本质发育不全,俗称大黄牙,是一种常见的口腔疾病,儿童发病率约为1/7000。其主要表现为牙本质的钙化异常和缺陷,牙釉质发育正常,但易从牙本质表面分离脱落,使牙本质外露而致牙冠磨损。患者牙齿萌出时,其形态大小可正常,但牙冠呈微黄色半透明,并逐渐变成乳光色或浅黄色外观。  相似文献   

2.
不同食性哺乳动物及人的牙釉质微结构对比研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据动物食性将搜集于西藏、新疆、江苏和吉林4省和自治区16种哺乳动物的581颗牙齿分为食草、杂食和食肉3类,设计了录像-截图-测量-定标4步微米量级牙釉质结构测量方法,测量得到牙釉质的颊面厚度和舌面厚度比、臼齿外轮廓平均牙釉质厚度比等牙釉质分布规律,观测到不同哺乳动物釉柱的组装直径均在100 μm 左右,但柱间晶体的宽度不同,发现3类哺乳动物牙釉柱与釉牙本质界夹角的规律:人和食肉动物狗的釉柱角度最大,接近90°,杂食动物猪釉柱角度约为70°,而食草动物釉柱角度在54°~68°之间.研究表明,不同食性哺乳动物牙齿外在和内在结构都和其生物力学功能密切相关,牙釉质的异型结构是使得釉质具有优异的力学性能的优化结构模式.  相似文献   

3.
本文提出了一种新型的全光学光声/OCT双模态成像系统。该系统利用同一个低相干迈克尔逊干涉仪即可实现非接触式光声成像和OCT于一体,系统装置结构简单,可同时获取生物组织的吸收与散射结构信息。通过模拟实验证明了该双模态成像系统的可行性及成像能力,并对活体小鼠耳朵同时进行光声/OCT成像测试,实验结果表明非接触式光声/OCT双模态成像系统可以实现生物组织内的微血管及散射结构的高分辨率成像。进一步地,我们将光声/OCT双模态成像系统应用于基底细胞癌的检测中,获得了初步的研究结果,表明了该系统在皮肤肿瘤诊断中的具有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

4.
胡荣 《化石》2012,(2):9-11
绝大多数哺乳动物的牙齿分为门齿、犬齿、前臼齿和臼齿。从外部观察,牙体由牙冠、牙根及牙颈三部分组成,从牙体的纵剖面可见牙体由牙釉质、牙本质、牙髓和牙根组成。在牙齿表面和内部保留着周期性的发育记录称为牙齿生长线,代表牙齿硬组织分泌的时间间隔,  相似文献   

5.
牙齿的发育是由牙上皮和神经脊来源的间充质之间的连续的相互诱导产生的.上皮和间充质之间连续的相互诱导,使得上皮细胞分化为具有分泌牙釉质功能的成釉质细胞,而间充质细胞分化为具有分泌牙本质功能的成牙本质细胞.成釉质细胞的正常分化对于形成正常的牙釉质是至关重要的,本文主要对细胞信号分子、细胞黏附分子、釉质特异性基因和转录因子等在成釉质细胞分化过程中的作用做一概述.  相似文献   

6.
牙齿是肉食性鱼类重要的摄食器官。为探究鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)牙齿形态结构,采用解剖镜观察了鳜牙齿分布、形态与数量。并比较其与大眼鳜(S. kneri)、斑鳜(S. scherzeri)及中国少鳞鳜(Coreoperca whiteheadi)牙齿差异。采用茜素红染色、组织切片、扫描电镜、X射线能谱及红外光谱观察并检测了鳜牙齿结构、元素组成和化学成分。结果显示,鳜牙齿具上颌齿、下颌齿、犁齿、腭齿和咽齿。其中,上颌齿前端有犬齿,其余为绒毛状齿;下颌齿最内列有犬齿,其余为绒毛状齿;犁齿、腭齿、咽齿均为绒毛状齿。鳜和大眼鳜下颌齿列数为3列,斑鳜和中国少鳞鳜为4列。茜素红染色显示,犬齿和绒毛状齿外层均为透明的牙釉质,内层为包裹髓腔的牙本质;组织切片显示,牙本质结构疏松,内有许多孔隙;牙尖部分形成牙釉质帽;中央为髓腔,内有牙髓组织。扫描电镜显示,犬齿和绒毛状齿表面均由釉柱组成,釉质层有釉柱横纹。X射线能谱显示,犬齿和绒毛状齿主要元素都为碳(C)、氧(O)、氮(N)、钙(Ca)和磷(P)。红外光谱显示,犬齿和绒毛状齿主要无机成分为碳酸羟基磷灰石。结果表明,鳜牙齿较发达,上、下颌齿有犬齿,犬齿和绒毛状齿结构与组成基本相似。  相似文献   

7.
为探讨利用光学相干成像技术(OCT)定量评估Er:YAG激光消融后牙本质表面特征的可行性,以人无龋第三磨牙为试验样品,制备牙本质圆盘,用50μs超短脉宽Er:YAG激光在水喷雾下垂直切削牙本质表面,对照组为金刚砂球钻切削和砂纸抛光组,OCT观察表层性状及测量表层光强改变,组织病理切片分析表层结构;表面切削后使用37%磷酸蚀刻30 s,扫描电镜(SEM)观察表面形貌,能量色散X射线光谱仪(EDX)测量表面元素组成。OCT显示,所有试验组牙本质表层光散射特性均发生改变,可见高亮层形成,激光组高亮层厚度高于砂纸组和球钻组(P0.05)。组织切片显示,激光组表层可见连续的嗜碱性深染改性层,球钻组及砂纸组改性层少且不连续,改性层厚度与OCT高亮层结果相关。SEM显示,酸蚀后激光组牙本质小管开口扩大,但未见胶原纤维网暴露。酸处理后激光组的钙、磷含量均高于砂纸及球钻组(P0.05),这意味着受激光影响的牙本质变得更耐酸。研究结果表明,OCT可能成为一种可精确评估牙本质表层特性的无创性工具,这将有助于牙医确定粘接修复策略。  相似文献   

8.
茶叶与防龋     
龋病(de caries)是牙齿在外界因素影响下,牙齿的牙釉质、牙本质或牙骨质发生的一种慢性、进行性、破坏性的疾病,对人类口腔健康危害极大。世界卫生组织认为龋病是人类除心血管及癌症之外第三位高发病,在11亿人口的中国发病率达50%以上,许多地区学龄儿童龋病率高达80%~90%,因此预防龋病的发生是提高我国人民健康水平的必要措施。  相似文献   

9.
目的评价中华小型猪冠状动脉支架植入术后即刻行光学相干断层成像扫描(OCT)的安全性和有效性。方法健康中华小型猪22只,经股动脉途径行右冠状动脉西罗莫司药物洗脱支架植入术,术后即刻行OCT检查评价支架贴壁不良情况,同时记录OCT检查时间和相关并发症。结果 OCT共检查25段支架,失败3例(1例指引导丝断裂于支架内,2例发生冠脉痉挛导致阻断球囊送入困难未能成像),OCT检查并发症包括一过性ST段抬高(5例)和室颤(3例),死亡1例,平均手术时间49.7±12.9 min,其中OCT检查耗时17.9±4.9 min,OCT共检测522 mm支架,定量测量4514个支架丝,其中66个存在贴壁不良,即刻支架贴壁不良率1.46%。结论利用冠脉内OCT技术可以有效评价支架术后即刻贴壁不良情况,安全性良好。  相似文献   

10.
研究不同表面处理条件下Er:YAG激光照射对牙釉质及牙本质修复效果的影响。80个样本随机分成牙釉质和牙本质2大组,再根据处理方式随机分为4小组:①酸蚀(37%磷酸);②Er:YAG激光;③自酸蚀粘接处理剂;④Er:YAG激光+自酸蚀粘接处理剂。与树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(RMGIC)粘接后37℃水浴中储存24 h,用万能测试机测定粘接剪切强度。牙釉质及牙本质组结果均为3、4小组粘结强度接近(P0.05),显著高于其他组(P0.05),1、2小组间粘结强度差别无统计学差异(P0.05)。Er:YAG激光照射可替代37%磷酸酸蚀处理方法;G-Bond自酸蚀粘接处理剂可提高牙面与RMGIC间的粘结力,Er:YAG激光处理不影响该效果。  相似文献   

11.
An in vitro study of morphological alterations between sound dental structure and artificially induced white spot lesions in human teeth, was performed through the loss of fluorescence by Quantitative Light‐Induced Fluorescence (QLF) and the alterations of the light attenuation coefficient by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). To analyze the OCT images using a commercially available system, a special algorithm was applied, whereas the QLF images were analyzed using the software available in the commercial system employed. When analyzing the sound region against white spot lesions region by QLF, a reduction in the fluorescence intensity was observed, whilst an increase of light attenuation by the OCT system occurred. Comparison of the percentage of alteration between optical properties of sound and artificial enamel caries regions showed that OCT processed images through the attenuation of light enhanced the tooth optical alterations more than fluorescence detected by QLF System.

QLF versus OCT imaging of enamel caries: a photonics assessment  相似文献   


12.
The structure of human enamel crystallites has been studied at a near atomic level by high-resolution electron microscopy. Electron micrographs have been obtained from crystallites present in human enamel with a structure resolution of 0.2 nm in the [0001], [1210], [1213], [1100] and [4510] zone axes directions. In most cases it was possible to match the experimental images with images calculated using the atomic positions of mineral hydroxyapatite. However, in some cases a discrepancy between calculated and experimental image detail was observed in the c direction of the [1210] and the [1100] images. This shows: (i) a structural heterogeneity of the crystals, and (ii) a loss of hexagonal symmetry of the structure. The resolution required to distinguish individual atomic sites in the different zones has been determined, and this will provide a useful basis for future work. As the determination of the "real structure" of biological crystals is of prime importance for the study of calcification mechanisms (crystal growth), biological properties and destructive phenomena of calcified tissues (i.e., dental caries and bone resorption).  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of swept‐source optical coherent tomography (SS‐OCT) in detecting and estimating the depth of proximal caries in posterior teeth in vivo. SS‐OCT images and bitewing radiographs were obtained from 86 proximal surfaces of 53 patients. Six examiners scored the locations according to a caries lesion depth scale (0–4) using SS‐OCT and the radiographs. The results were compared with clinical observations obtained after the treatment. SS‐OCT could detect the presence of proximal caries in tomograms that were synthesized based on the backscatter signal obtained from the proximal carious lesion through occlusal enamel. SS‐OCT showed significantly higher sensitivity and larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than radiographs for the detection of cavitated enamel lesions and dentin caries (Student's t ‐test, p < 0.05). SS‐OCT appears to be a more reliable and accurate method than bitewing radiographs for the detection and estimation of the depth of proximal lesions in the clinical environment. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

14.
Four teeth were recovered from the Petralona cave site in Greece. These specimens were considered to be hominid remains and have become part of the dental data base for the Pleistocene hominids of Europe. SEM analysis of the anamel structure of these remains reveals an enamel prism pattern which is not hominid. A walled hexagonal prism was obtained which is representative of the carnivores.Subsequent analysis of a fragment of enamel from the Petralona hominid cranium revealed a keyhole enamel prism, typical of modern man, while analysis of a number of cave bear teeth revealed an identical walled hexagonal prism, as was found in the four isolated teeth.The conclusion is that the four isolated teeth are those of the Pleistocene cave bear which frequently populated the cave.  相似文献   

15.
Establishing reproducible methodologies for assessment of early enamel lesions using optical coherence tomography (OCT) appears to be challenging. This in vitro study longitudinally evaluated the subsurface enamel lesion progression after 3, 9 and 15 days by cross‐sectional scanning using 1310 nm centered swept‐source OCT (SS‐OCT) under hydrated and dry conditions. The positive difference between the depth‐integrated OCT signals at dry and hydrated conditions were calculated and adopted as dehydration parameter (DH). A linear regression was found between DH and the square root of demineralization time (R2 = 0.99). Significant differences were found in DH between sound and demineralized enamel, and between different periods of demineralization (p < 0.001). Hydration state affects the reflectivity of demineralized porous enamel, and the effect can be potentially used for assessment of early enamel lesion using OCT. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

16.
The dentition of Uromastyx hardwicki was examined in a series of carefully prepared dry skulls and was found to be very different from that of other agamid lizards. The anatomy of the dentition undergoes great changes from the time of hatching to advanced age, but no evidence of tooth replacement could be found. Extension of the tooth rows by addition of larger teeth posteriorly, together with elongation of the premaxilla, and a characteristic pattern of wear are responsible for the condition seen in aged specimens.
The structure of the dental tissues was investigated by means of a variety of histological techniques including scanning electron microscopy and it is established that the enamel has prismatic structure like that of mammalian enamel. The mode of formation of enamel with and without prisms is described and the occurrence and significance of prismatic structure in reptilian dental enamel discussed.  相似文献   

17.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most important imaging modalities for biophotonics applications. In this work, an important step towards the clinical use of OCT in dental practice is reported, by following‐up patients treated from periodontal disease (PD). A total of 147 vestibular dental sites from 14 patients diagnosed with PD were evaluated prior and after treatment, using a swept‐source OCT and two periodontal probes (Florida probe and North Carolina) for comparison. The evaluation was performed at four stages: day 0, day 30, day 60 and day 90. Exceptionally one patient was evaluated 1‐year after treatment. It was possible to visualize in the two‐dimensional images the architectural components that compose the periodontal anatomy, and identify the improvements in biofilm and dental calculus upon treatment. In the follow‐up after the treatment, it was observed in some cases decrease of the gingival thickness associated with extinction of gingival calculus. In some cases, the improvement of both depth of probing with the traditional probes and the evidence in the images of the region was emphasized. The study evidenced the ability of OCT in the identification of periodontal structures and alterations, being an important noninvasive complement or even alternative for periodontal probes for treatment follow‐up. OCT system being used in a clinical environment. Above OCT image (left) prior treatment and (right) 30 days after treatment.   相似文献   

18.
利用shear-warp算法对离体牙的光学相干层析图像进行三维重建,通过不透明度传递函数的合理设置及光照模型的引入实现牙齿内部组织结构的可视化,便于医生在早期龋齿诊断中定位病变.介绍了shear-warp算法的原理、用于龋齿检测的全光纤光学相干层析成像系统及其二维层析图,以及利用离体牙牙冠的二维层析图重建获得三维结构图.  相似文献   

19.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was successfully applied to visualize the mesoscale structure of three different heterotrophic biofilms. For this purpose, biofilm volumes of 4 × 4 × 1.6 mm3 were scanned with spatial resolutions lower than 20 µm within an acquisition time of 2 min. A heterogeneous structure was detected for biofilms cultivated in laminar as well as transient flow conditions. The structure was found to be more homogeneous for the biofilm grown in turbulent flow. This biofilm structure was characterized by a volumetric porosity of 0.36, whereas the porosity calculated for biofilms grown in laminar and transient conditions was 0.65. These results were directly generated from the distribution of porosity calculated from the OCT images acquired and can be linked to structural properties. Up to now, the mesoscale biofilm structure was only observable with time‐consuming and expensive studies, for example, magnetic resonance microscopy. OCT will most certainly be helpful for improved understanding and prediction of biofilm physics with respect to macroscale processes, for example, mass transfer and detachment as the information about mesoscale is easily accessible using this method. In the context of this study, we show that CLSM images do not necessarily provide an accurate representation of the biofilm structure at the mesoscale. Additionally, the typical characteristic parameters obtained from CLSM image stacks differ largely from those calculated from OCT images. Nevertheless, to determine the local distribution of biofilm constituents, microscopic methods such as confocal laser scanning microscopy are required. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 844–853. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

20.
Imaging of cardiac tissue structure plays a critical role in the treatment and understanding of cardiovascular disease. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers the potential to provide valuable, high‐resolution imaging of cardiac tissue. However, there is a lack of comprehensive OCT imaging data of the human heart, which could improve identification of structural substrates underlying cardiac abnormalities. The objective of this study was to provide qualitative and quantitative analysis of OCT image features throughout the human heart. Fifty human hearts were acquired, and tissues from all chambers were imaged with OCT. Histology was obtained to verify tissue composition. Statistical differences between OCT image features corresponding to different tissue types and chambers were estimated using analysis of variance. OCT imaging provided features that were able to distinguish structures such as thickened collagen, as well as adipose tissue and fibrotic myocardium. Statistically significant differences were found between atria and ventricles in attenuation coefficient, and between adipose and all other tissue types. This study provides an overview of OCT image features throughout the human heart, which can be used for guiding future applications such as OCT‐integrated catheter‐based treatments or ex vivo investigation of structural substrates.  相似文献   

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