无嘌呤/无嘧啶核酸内切酶1的功能和表达调控

无嘌呤/无嘧啶核酸内切酶/氧化还原因子-1(apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1,APE1/Ref-1)是一种多功能蛋白质,具有无嘌呤/无嘧啶(apurinic/apyrimidinic,AP)位点核酸内切酶和氧化还原酶活性,在DNA损伤修复和转录因子的活性调节方面发挥重要作用,并与肿瘤、神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病等多种人类疾病的发生关系密切。本文从APE1的分子结构、主要功能、表达调节以及与疾病的关系等方面进行总结和阐述,并对日后的研究方向做了展望。     

Ape/Ref-1与中枢神经系统疾病的研究进展

无嘌呤/无嘧啶核酸内切酶/氧化还原因子1(apurinic/apyrim id inic endonuclease/redox-factor1,Ape/Ref-1)是一种在体内分布非常广泛的蛋白质,具有修复损伤的DNA,调节氧化还原反应,参与细胞信号转导等多种功能,在维持基因组的完整、调节基因表达、细胞保护等许多方面发挥重要作用。本文着重论述Ape/Ref-1的结构和生物学功能,及其在中枢神经系统肿瘤、损伤等疾病中的作用。     

APE1介导的功能核酸生物传感器研究进展

脱嘌呤/脱嘧啶核酸内切酶1(Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1,APE1)是一种广泛存在于生物体内、在碱基切除修复(Base excision repair,BER)过程中能够在碱基缺失位点(AP site)处识别并切割DNA的蛋白酶,其作用效率高且特异性强。同时,APE1在一些癌症细胞中的活性较正常细胞明显偏高,因此其自身也是一种癌症生物标志物。目前,通过在DNA上人工设计AP位点,利用APE1的切割能力生成理想的功能核酸链,并结合不同的信号输出及放大方式,研究者已经建立了一些APE1介导的电化学、荧光功能核酸生物传感技术,实现了对DNA糖基化酶等的酶活性的检测。另外,也有一些针对APE1自身活性的功能核酸生物传感技术被建立起来。综述了近年来APE1介导的功能核酸生物传感技术以及以APE1为靶物质的功能核酸和免疫生物传感技术的研究状况,讨论了与APE1相关的生物传感技术的意义及存在的问题,并对未来利用APE1实现更多靶物质的检测的发展趋势进行了展望,以期促进APE1成为一种功能核酸生物传感技术中常用的酶工具。     

APE1介导的功能核酸生物传感器研究进展

脱嘌呤/脱嘧啶核酸内切酶1(Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1,APE1)是一种广泛存在于生物体内、在碱基切除修复(Base excision repair,BER)过程中能够在碱基缺失位点(AP site)处识别并切割DNA的蛋白酶,其作用效率高且特异性强。同时,APE1在一些癌症细胞中的活性较正常细胞明显偏高,因此其自身也是一种癌症生物标志物。目前,通过在DNA上人工设计AP位点,利用APE1的切割能力生成理想的功能核酸链,并结合不同的信号输出及放大方式,研究者已经建立了一些APE1介导的电化学、荧光功能核酸生物传感技术,实现了对DNA糖基化酶等的酶活性的检测。另外,也有一些针对APE1自身活性的功能核酸生物传感技术被建立起来。综述了近年来APE1介导的功能核酸生物传感技术以及以APE1为靶物质的功能核酸和免疫生物传感技术的研究状况,讨论了与APE1相关的生物传感技术的意义及存在的问题,并对未来利用APE1实现更多靶物质的检测的发展趋势进行了展望,以期促进APE1成为一种功能核酸生物传感技术中常用的酶工具。     

APE1介导的功能核酸生物传感器研究进展

脱嘌呤/脱嘧啶核酸内切酶1(Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1,APE1)是一种广泛存在于生物体内、在碱基切除修复(Base excision repair,BER)过程中能够在碱基缺失位点(AP site)处识别并切割DNA的蛋白酶,其作用效率高且特异性强。同时,APE1在一些癌症细胞中的活性较正常细胞明显偏高,因此其自身也是一种癌症生物标志物。目前,通过在DNA上人工设计AP位点,利用APE1的切割能力生成理想的功能核酸链,并结合不同的信号输出及放大方式,研究者已经建立了一些APE1介导的电化学、荧光功能核酸生物传感技术,实现了对DNA糖基化酶等的酶活性的检测。另外,也有一些针对APE1自身活性的功能核酸生物传感技术被建立起来。综述了近年来APE1介导的功能核酸生物传感技术以及以APE1为靶物质的功能核酸和免疫生物传感技术的研究状况,讨论了与APE1相关的生物传感技术的意义及存在的问题,并对未来利用APE1实现更多靶物质的检测的发展趋势进行了展望,以期促进APE1成为一种功能核酸生物传感技术中常用的酶工具。     

APE1介导的功能核酸生物传感器研究进展

脱嘌呤/脱嘧啶核酸内切酶1(Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1,APE1)是一种广泛存在于生物体内、在碱基切除修复(Base excision repair,BER)过程中能够在碱基缺失位点(AP site)处识别并切割DNA的蛋白酶,其作用效率高且特异性强。同时,APE1在一些癌症细胞中的活性较正常细胞明显偏高,因此其自身也是一种癌症生物标志物。目前,通过在DNA上人工设计AP位点,利用APE1的切割能力生成理想的功能核酸链,并结合不同的信号输出及放大方式,研究者已经建立了一些APE1介导的电化学、荧光功能核酸生物传感技术,实现了对DNA糖基化酶等的酶活性的检测。另外,也有一些针对APE1自身活性的功能核酸生物传感技术被建立起来。综述了近年来APE1介导的功能核酸生物传感技术以及以APE1为靶物质的功能核酸和免疫生物传感技术的研究状况,讨论了与APE1相关的生物传感技术的意义及存在的问题,并对未来利用APE1实现更多靶物质的检测的发展趋势进行了展望,以期促进APE1成为一种功能核酸生物传感技术中常用的酶工具。     

APE/REF-1在胃黏膜上皮细胞系的表达

目的研究人胃黏膜上皮细胞系无嘌呤无嘧啶核酸内切酶(APE)的表达状况。方法人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901细胞、MKN45细胞和正常胃黏膜上皮细胞系HFE145细胞、GES-1细胞分别进行爬片培养,用细胞免疫组织化学方法检测APE表达水平。结果APE在MKN45细胞主要是胞核弱阳性表达,部分胞质有轻度表达;SGC-7901细胞胞核强阳性表达,个别细胞有胞质表达;HFE-145细胞中绝大部分细胞核呈阳性表达,胞质呈弱阳性表达;GES-1细胞主要是分裂期的细胞呈胞核和胞质的阳性表达。结论APE在人胃黏膜上皮细胞系普遍表达,以胞核表达为主,其表达方式可能与细胞的增殖和分化状态相关。     

DNA光修复酶修复紫外损伤的DNA

DNA光修复酶在蓝光驱动下,利用黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（FAD）分子的黄素酶作为催化辅助因子,来修复紫外线诱导的环丁烷嘧啶二聚体（CPD）和嘧啶（6-4）嘧啶酮的DNA损伤产物。通过无根发育树,综述了DNA光修复酶/隐花色素家族的分类;详细地阐述两种DNA光修复酶的结构、光损伤后产生的嘧啶二聚体的结构及光修复过程;最后回顾了DNA光修复酶的研究现状并展望该领域的发展前景。     

紫外诱导植物产生DNA损伤的修复机制

日光中的紫外线可以诱导生物体的DNA产生损伤,产生的损伤主要有两种：环丁烷嘧啶二聚体（CPD）和6-4光产物（即6-4嘧啶二聚体）.这些损伤如果不经修复则可能会导致生物体死亡.最近的研究证明,植物可以通过多种途径来修复紫外诱导的DNA损伤,包括6-4光产物和CPD的光修复作用.此外,植物还可以通过一般的核酸切除修复（NER）以及旁路聚合酶（bypass polymerase）来修复损伤.     

PC12细胞APE/ref-1cDNA的克隆和表达

APE Ref 1是双功能核蛋白 ,它既能在碱基切除修复过程中切除脱嘌呤 脱嘌啶位点 ,又能促进包括AP 1、Myb和NF κB等受氧化还原调节的转录因子对DNA的结合 .从PC12细胞中抽提总RNA ,经逆转录PCR(RT PCR)扩增出APE ref 1cDNA并克隆到pQE3 1表达质粒上的BamHⅠ和PstⅠ位点间 .经测序表明 ,PC12细胞的APE ref 1cDNA以正确的阅读框架重组进入表达质粒 ,表达重组质粒pQE3 1 APE在宿主菌BL2 1中得到稳定表达 .SDS PAGE鉴定表明 ,带 6个组氨酸的融合蛋白分子量为 3 8kD ,并经Ni NTA琼脂糖亲和纯化得到电泳纯融合蛋白 .Western印迹证明重组蛋白为APE ref 1融合蛋白 .     

An anti-CD11d integrin antibody reduces cyclooxygenase-2 expression and protein and DNA oxidation after spinal cord injury in rats

Our studies have shown that treatment with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the CD11d subunit of the leukocyte integrin CD11d/CD18 after spinal cord injury (SCI) decreases intraspinal inflammation, myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation and protein nitration, improving neurological function in rats. Using severe clip compression SCI in the rat, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were employed to assess the effects of an anti-CD11d mAb treatment on spinal cord cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, formation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a marker of RNA and DNA oxidation) and protein carbonylation (a marker of protein oxidation). We also assessed treatment effects on the expression of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (redox effector factor-1, APE/Ref-1), a multifunctional enzyme involved in the base excision repair of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in DNA. The expression of COX-2 and formation of 8-OHdG and protein carbonyl groups were increased after SCI while APE/Ref-1 expression was decreased. Anti-CD11d mAb treatment clearly attenuated COX-2 expression and 8-OHdG and protein carbonyl formation and rescued APE/Ref-1 expression after SCI. This study suggests that anti-CD11d mAb treatment significantly reduces intraspinal free radical formation after SCI, thereby reducing protein and DNA oxidative damage. These effects likely underlie tissue preservation and improved neurological function resulting from the mAb treatment.     

Overexpression of human copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase in transgenic animals attenuates the reduction of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease expression in neurons after in vitro ischemia and after transient global cerebral ischemia

Oxidative stress after ischemia/reperfusion has been shown to induce DNA damage and subsequent DNA repair activity. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) is a multifunctional protein in the DNA base excision repair pathway which repairs apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in DNA. We investigated the involvement of oxidative stress and expression of APE in neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation and after global cerebral ischemia. Our results suggest that overexpression of human copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase reduced oxidative stress with a subsequent decrease in APE expression. Production of oxygen free radicals and inhibition of the base excision repair pathway may play pivotal roles in the cell death pathway after ischemia.     

AP endonuclease 1 as a key enzyme in repair of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites

Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is one of the key participants in the DNA base excision repair system. APE1 hydrolyzes DNA adjacent to the 5′-end of an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site to produce a nick with a 3′-hydroxyl group and a 5′-deoxyribose phosphate moiety. APE1 exhibits 3′-phosphodiesterase, 3′-5′-exonuclease, and 3-phosphatase activities. APE1 was also identified as a redox factor (Ref-1). In this review, data on the role of APE1 in the DNA repair process and in other metabolic processes occurring in cells are analyzed as well as the interaction of this enzyme with DNA and other proteins participating in the repair system.     

Alterations in the expression of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE/ref-1) and DNA damage in the caudal region of acute and chronic spinal cord injured rats treated by embryonic neural stem cells

The oxidative mechanisms of injury-induced damage of neurons within the spinal cord are not very well understood. We used a model of T8-T9 spinal cord injury (SCI) in the rat to induce neuronal degeneration. In this spinal cord injury model, unilateral avulsion of the spinal cord causes oxidative stress of neurons. We tested the hypothesis that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (or redox effector factor-1, APE/Ref-1) regulates this neuronal oxidation mechanism in the spinal cord region caudal to the lesion, and that DNA damage is an early upstream signal. The embryonic neural stem cell therapy significantly decreased DNA-damage levels in both study groups - acutely (followed up to 7 days after SCI), and chronically (followed up to 28 days after SCI) injured animals. Meanwhile, mRNA levels of APE/Ref-1 significantly increased after embryonic neural stem cell therapy in acutely and chronically injured animals when compared to acute and chronic sham groups. Our data has demonstrated that an increase of APE/Ref-1 mRNA levels in the caudal region of spinal cord strongly correlated with DNA damage after traumatic spinal cord injury. We suggest that DNA damage can be observed both in lesional and caudal regions of the acutely and chronically injured groups, but DNA damage is reduced with embryonic neural stem cell therapy.