噬菌体展示 protein A 及 protein L Ig 结合单结构域随机组合文库及 Ig 亲和筛选

Protein A 和 protein L 是细菌产生的两种结构和功能均不同的免疫球蛋白 (immunoglobulin , Ig) 结合分子,在细菌的致病中起重要作用 . 用含 SacⅠ位点的特定引物 PCR 分别扩增制备 protein A 的 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 抗体结合结构域和 protein L 的 B3 抗体结合结构域,各结构域 DNA 片段经 SacⅠ酶切后,再随机连接形成各种不同长度的分子组合文库,将该文库呈现在噬菌体表面构建了噬菌体展示 Ig 结合分子单结构域随机组合文库,所建组合文库容量为 2.3×10⁶个菌落形成单位,滴度为 4.1×10¹¹TU/ml , 包含各种单结构域片段,并以随机方式连接 . 用人 Ig 对该文库进行 4 轮亲和筛选,随机挑选 36 个代表性的阳性克隆进行序列测定分析表明,亲和筛选获得了多种非天然形式存在的新的 Ig 结合分子结构,其中 32 个克隆具有由 protein L 的单结构域和 protein A 的单结构域间隔重复排列而成的特征性 (MDPL-MDPA)n 结构 . 对噬菌体展示 Ig 结合分子单结构域随机组合文库的体外分子进化研究的尝试,为 Ig 结合分子的结构和功能研究提供了一新的途径,也为 Ig 结合分子的定向改造打下基础 .     

噬菌体434单链阻遏蛋白高亲和力DNA配体的筛选和设计

单链阻遏蛋白R R_TRES是噬菌体434阻遏蛋白的衍生物,含有两个DBD(DNA结合结构域),一个是野生型噬菌体434的DBD-R,另一个是突变型DBD-R_TRES,二者用重组接头以头接尾的方式连接起来.R_TRES的α-3-螺旋中-1,1,2,5位DNA结合氨基酸分别为T,R,E,S. 利用核心序列是CATACAAGAAAGNNNNNNTTTATG的随机DNA库, 体外循环筛选R_TRES的DNA结合位点,将筛选到的群体克隆、测序.单链阻遏蛋白RR_TRES的亲和力测定表明,最适操纵区序列含有TTAC或TTCC(上述画线部分)时,K_d值在10^-12~10^-11mol/L的范围.天然噬菌体434阻遏蛋白与其操纵区的亲和力的K_d值在10^-9 mol/L数量级,与之相比,所筛选操纵区的亲和力明显提高.同时发现,亲和力大小还受到最适结合位点两侧碱基的影响,特别是5′位碱基的影响.根据R_TRES的识别特性,设计了共有序列为GTAAGAAARNTTACN或GGAAGAAARNTTCCN (R为A或G)的单链阻遏蛋白R_TRES R_TRE的操纵区序列.结果表明,它们之间有特异性结合,且亲和力也很高.此方法可望用于其他DNA结合蛋白新的结合特异性的筛选.     

利用噬菌体随机肽库筛选可结合志贺毒素B亚单位的短肽序列

以制备的重组志贺毒素B亚单位(StxB)为靶标,利用噬菌体展示亲和淘选技术,经4轮筛选,从随机十二肽库中筛选到与StxB结合的一批噬菌体克隆,对特异结合活性较高的27个噬菌体克隆的表面展示肽进行序列测定,其中A6序列出现16次,A9和A3序列分别出现2次和3次。为评价筛选克隆中和毒素毒性的能力,将展示肽出现频率最高的A6噬菌体克隆,体外与志贺毒素孵育进行动物试验,动物存活率达33.3%,表明毒素的毒性得到部分抑制,A6短肽可能发展成为志贺毒素的拮抗剂。     

筛选dbat启动子顺式元件结合蛋白的酵母单杂交文库的构建

旨在构建酵母单杂交文库用于筛选与dbat基因启动子顺式元件结合的转录因子.首先,分离dbat启动子上的顺式作用元件,并进行3个拷贝的重复后,和报告质粒pHis 2.1连接构建诱饵载体pHis 2.1-dp3.然后,从茉莉酸甲酯诱导的红豆杉细胞中提取总RNA,以纯化出的mRNA为模板,依次完成ss cDNA和ds cDNA的合成,并将纯化的ds cDNA、线性化载体pGADT7-Rec2和诱饵载体pHis 2.1-dp3共转化酵母细胞Y187,各取100 μl分别涂布于SD/-leu和SD/-leu/-trp平板,用于计算重组效率和转化效率,剩余转化液涂布于SD/-leu/-trp/-his/20 mM 3-AT平板,用于筛选阳性克隆.结果表明,重组效率为1.49×106 CFU/μg,共转化效率为1.93×105 CFU/μg;对阳性克隆质粒进行酶切、测序分析,得到6个可编码结合蛋白的基因.以上工作为筛选调控紫杉醇合成关键酶基因dbat表达的转录因子奠定了基础.     

脑膜炎大肠杆菌IbeA蛋白结合肽序列的亲和筛选*

应用噬菌体展示肽库技术,以重组的脑膜炎大肠杆菌致病蛋白IbeA作为靶分子,经过吸附-洗脱-扩增-再吸附的亲和筛选,随机挑选亲和力强的噬菌体克隆,进行ELISA、竞争抑制实验和序列测定。结果显示,经3轮淘选后,间接ELISA鉴定得到高亲和性结合IbeA蛋白的15个阳性克隆。竞争抑制实验结果表明,游离IbeA蛋白能竞争抑制噬菌体结合肽克隆与固相包被的IbeA蛋白的结合,其抑制作用随游离IbeA蛋白浓度的降低而减弱。测序结果得到5种阳性噬菌体克隆展示肽序列。上述结果提示以脑膜炎大肠杆菌IbeA蛋白为靶筛选所获得     

酵母双杂交文库筛选及hTRIP15与Y盒结合蛋白-1相互作用的探讨

为探讨甲状腺素受体相互作用蛋白(hTRIP15)是否与其他核蛋白发生相互作用．以hTRIP15作为“诱饵”,用酵母双杂交技术筛选人肝cDNA文库,在高严格度选择培养基(SD-Trp-Leu-Ade-His)上长出的克隆773个,再经β-gal表达和PCR等技术进一步缩小范围,经Blastn搜寻最终显示2个重复克隆编码一种共调节辅因子——Y盒结合蛋白-1(YB-1)．将插入序列与全长YB—1比较发现进入ORF内230bp,插入序列编码82aa．该蛋白称为YB-1-p,经蛋白体外翻译及GST-pulldown试验讧实YB-1-P与hTRIP15发生相互作用．提示hTRIP15可通过与YB-1相互作用,参与调控MHCⅡ及TSH受体等甲状腺细胞重要基因表达．     

静注人免疫球蛋白中IgG含量检测方法的探讨

为了更好地进行生产质量控制,快速、准确的测定静注人免疫球蛋白中的IgG含量。实验中对2001~2008年的静注人免疫球蛋白中的IgG含量检测结果进行了抽样统计分析。分析结果表明:样品40倍稀释后测得的吸光值与标准曲线第三点的吸光值无显著性差异;样品40倍稀释后测得的IgG含量与样品进行20、30、40倍三个稀释度测得的IgG含量的平均值无显著性差异。从而证明,样品40倍稀释后测得的IgG含量可以代表该批样品的IgG含量,无需进行20、30倍的稀释。检测方法会更省时、省力、省材料。     

Nature of the ribosomal binding site for initiation factor 3 (IF-3)

$\text{In vitro}$ labelled IF-3 binds to both 16S and 23S rRNA but while one molecule of IF-3 binds to each 30S particle, binding to 50S particles is negligible. If proteins are removed by LiCl or CsCl treatment from either ribosomal subunit, however, binding specificity is lost and new “binding sites” appear on both ribosomal particles. Controlled RNase digestion of the 30S subunits does not cause the loss of any r-protein while controlled trypsin digestion results in the loss or degradation of several r-proteins; compared to the Phe-tRNA binding site, the binding site of IF-3 seems to be more sensitive to RNase than to trypsin digestion. Antibodies against single 30S r-proteins, which inhibit other ribosomal functions, do not prevent the binding of IF-3. RNA-binding dyes (acridine orange and pyronine) inhibit the binding of IF-3 to 30S ribosomal subunits. It is proposed that a segment of the 16S rRNA provides the binding site for IF-3 and that r-proteins confer specificity, restricting the number of available “binding sites”, and stabilize the 30S-IF-3 interaction.     

Molecular evolution of IgG subclass among nonhuman primates: implication of differences in antigenic determinants among Apes

The cross-reactivity of five different rabbit polyclonal antibodies to human IgG and IgG subclass (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) was determined by competitive ELISA with nine nonhuman primate species including five apes, three Old World monkeys, and one New World monkey. As similar to those previously reported, the reactivity of anti-human IgG antibody with plasma from different primate species was closely related with phylogenic distance from human. Every anti-human IgG subclass antibody showed low cross-reactivity with plasma from Old World and New World monkeys. The plasma from all apes except for gibbons (Hylobates spp.) showed 60 to 100% of cross-reactivity with anti-human IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies. On the other hand, chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes andPan paniscus) and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) plasma showed 100% cross-reactivity with anti-human IgG1 antibody, but gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) and gibbon plasma showed no cross-reactivity. The chimpanzee and gorilla plasma cross-reacted with anti-human IgG4 antibody at different reactivity, 100% in chimpanzee and 50% in gorilla, but no cross-reactivity was observed in orangutan and gibbon plasma. These results suggest the possibilities that the divergence of “human-type” IgG subclasses might occur at the time of divergence ofHomo sapience fromHylobatidae, and that the molecular evolution of IgG1 as well as IgG4 is different from that of IgG2 and IgG3 in great apes, this is probably caused by different in development of immune function in apes during the course of evolution.     

Oral Administration of an Immunostimulatory DNA Sequence from Bifidobacterium longum Improves Th1/Th2 Balance in a Murine Model

We have reported the antiallergic activities of the immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) BL07S, identified from genomic DNA of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 from in vitro and in vivo studies. The present study evaluated the efficiency of ODN BL07S in preventing allergic responses by oral administration. Oral administration of BL07S suppressed serum ovalbumin (OVA)-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and improved the OVA-specific IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. ODN BL07S increased Th1 cytokine and decreased Th2 cytokine production in splenocytes. These results suggest that immunostimulatory ODNs are potentially associated with the antiallergic effects of probiotics.     

A comparative study of the effect of modification of the surface of human platelets on the receptors for aggregated immunoglobulins and for ristocetin-von Willebrand factor

The receptors for aggregated immunoglobulin G (IgG) (an Fc receptor) and for ristocetin-von Willebrand factor on human platelets were studied by means of various modifications of the platelet surface. The expression of these receptors was measured by the agglutination of platelets to ristocetin in the presence of von Willebrand factor, which is part of the factor VIII complex, and by the binding of aggregated IgG coupled to ³H-labelled diazobenzen. Treatment of platelets with chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain and pronase which removed protein and glycoprotein from the platelet under conditions where the release reaction was inhibited caused loss of the expression of the receptor for ristocetin-von Willebrand factor and an enhancement of that for aggregated IgG. Induction of membrane changes with ADP and of the release reaction with the ionophore A23187 abolished agglutination to ristocetin-von Willebrand factor but did not alter the receptor for aggregated IgG. Possible contributions of unspecific membrane changes, produced by protease treatment of platelets, to the modification of receptor expression were eliminated by the use of formaldehyde-treated platelets. Trypsin, papain and pronase destroyed the ability of these platelets to agglutinate to ristocetin-von Willebrand factor but produced no change in the binding of aggregated IgG. Therefore, the receptor for ristocetin-von Willebrand factor is truly sensitive to proteolysis while the Fc receptor is not, but is partially masked by protease-sensitive material.     

Chicken breast muscle connectin: passive tension and I-band region primary structure

We performed cDNA cloning of chicken breast muscle connectin. Together with previous results, our analysis elucidated a 24.2 kb sequence encoding the amino terminus of the protein. This corresponded to the I-band region of the skeletal muscle sarcomere, which is involved in extension and contraction between the Z-line and the A-I junction. There were fewer middle immunoglobulin domains and amino acid residues in the PEVK segment of chicken breast muscle connectin than in human skeletal muscle connectin, but more than in human cardiac muscle connectin. We measured passive tension generation by stretching mechanically skinned myofibril bundles. This revealed that appreciable tension development in chicken breast muscle began at longer sarcomere spacings than in rabbit cardiac muscle, but at shorter spacings than in rabbit psoas and soleus muscles. We suggest that the chicken breast muscle sarcomere remains in a relatively extended state even in unstrained sarcomeres. This would explain why chicken breast muscle does not extend under force to the same degree as rabbit psoas and soleus muscles.