固定化黑曲霉发酵玉米糖液生产柠檬酸的研究*

利用PVA复合凝胶包埋黑曲霉的孢子及菌丝体。固定后的细胞经过一系列预培养 ,用于发酵玉米生产柠檬酸。试验确定的固定化细胞摇瓶发酵生产柠檬酸最适条件为 :玉米糖液浓度 1 0Bx,培养温度 35℃ ,摇瓶转速 2 5 0r/min。经此条件发酵 64h ,柠檬酸产率最高达到 96g/L ,通常稳定在 90g/L左右。同时对柠檬酸连续批次发酵生产进行了初步研究 ,固定化黑曲霉可连续使用 8批次以上 ,其柠檬酸产量稳定在 86～ 92g/L之间 ,这为柠檬酸连续发酵提供了有利的保证 ,并探讨了有关的工艺技术条件     

固定化黑曲霉利用糖蜜发酵生产柠檬酸

利用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋黑曲霉W1-2的孢子及菌丝体,制成的固定化细胞经预培养后,用于发酵糖蜜制取柠檬酸。确定了固定化细胞摇瓶发酵生产柠檬酸的最佳条件:糖蜜浓度12%。初始pH值4.0,培养温度30℃等。在此条件下发酵12天,柠檬酸浓度达39 g/L。对分批发酵生产柠檬酸进行了初步研究。     

固定化根霉发酵生产脂肪酶

以聚氨酯为少根根霉固定化载体,对固定化后的细胞连续重复批次发酵进行了研究。优化了重复批次发酵培养基组成。在取代发酵液40mL,取代培养基组成为全脂豆粉3%,花生油0.5％条件下,固定化菌体摇瓶实验可连续使用140h,重复9批次。酶的时空产率提高6倍。5L发酵罐小试固定化菌体可连续发酵6批次。固定化细胞连续发酵,大大缩短了发酵的时间,酶的时空产率获得大幅提高。     

黑曲霉发酵产橙皮苷酶的工艺优化

目的:对黑曲霉WP124发酵产橙皮苷酶的工艺条件进行优化,旨在为利用酶法改造橙皮苷打下基础.方法:采用摇瓶培养,对培养基的成分和培养条件进行了优化.结果:黑曲霉WP124发酵产橙皮苷酶的最佳培养基组成是:蔗糖30g/L,酵母膏20g/L,磷酸二氢钾3g/L,桔皮粉50g/L;最佳培养条件是:起始pH为5.5,培养温度为30℃,摇瓶转速是180r/min.在上述条件下,经过72h的培养,橙皮苷酶酶活达到1398U/mL.结论:该菌株发酵过程具有较好的工业化应用的前景.     

聚氨酯固定化热带假丝酵母发酵木糖醇

固定在多孔聚氨酯载体中的热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis), 可有效地利用玉米芯半纤维素水解液生产木糖醇。在摇瓶条件下, 采用分批发酵方式, 确立了适宜的发酵工艺参数为: 接种量7%, 聚氨酯加入量1.0 g/100 mL, 温度30°C, 初始pH值6.0, 分段改变摇床转速进行溶氧调节, 其中0~24 h 为200 r/min; 24 h~46 h为140 r/min。聚氨酯固定化提高了菌体对发酵抑制物的耐受力, 固定化细胞密度高, 发酵性能稳定, 发酵产率和体积生产速率都有所提高。水解液未经脱色与离子交换便可转化成木糖醇, 大幅降低了成本, 显示了良好的应用前景。固定化细胞连续重复进行12批次21 d的发酵, 木糖醇得率平均为67.6%, 体积生产速率平均为1.92 g/(L·h)。     

核糖醇发酵工艺研究

目的:研究球头三型孢菌Trichosporonoides oedocephalis ATCC 16958发酵生产核糖醇的工艺.方法:采用摇瓶发酵优化的方式,探索培养基组份及三羧酸循环抑制剂对该菌生长及发酵生产核糖醇的影响,并在7L发酵罐中对优化的条件进行发酵验证.结果:对于核糖醇生产,葡萄糖和酵母膏分别是最佳的碳源和氮源,当葡萄糖浓度为20%时,核糖醇产量为38.60g/L.以1%酵母膏为氮源时,核糖醇浓度为37.82g/L.发酵24h添加0.2%的柠檬酸,核糖醇产量提高30.35%.采用摇瓶培养的优化条件,在7L发酵罐中发酵120h核糖醇产量为38.66g/L.结论:实验获得的优化条件可进一步用于指导生产.     

化学改性甘蔗渣对固定化细胞发酵产丁醇的影响

旨在研究化学改性的甘蔗渣作为固定化载体对丙酮丁醇梭菌Clostridium acetobutylicum XY16发酵制备生物丁醇的影响。首先利用不同浓度的聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和1 g/L戊二醛(GA)对甘蔗渣表面进行化学改性,增强甘蔗渣对Clostridium acetobutylicum XY16的附载能力。经4 g/L聚乙烯亚胺和1 g/L戊二醛改性的甘蔗渣(添加量10 g/L)应用到固定化批次发酵中,发酵36 h后丁醇和总溶剂浓度最高,分别达到了12.24 g/L和21.67 g/L,同时溶剂的生产速率达到0.60 g/(L·h),生产速率比游离细胞和未改性甘蔗渣固定化细胞分批发酵分别提高了130.8%和66.7%。在此基础上对改性甘蔗渣固定化的细胞进行6次重复批次发酵,丁醇和总溶剂的产量稳定,溶剂生产速率逐渐提高至0.83 g/(L·h),同时转化率也提高至0.42 g/g。     

利用固定化菌半连续生产微生物絮凝剂的研究

利用多孔聚酯泡沫为载体,进行了微生物絮凝剂产生菌的固定化条件优化和半连续生产絮凝剂的研究。研究发现,利用多孔聚酯可吸附固定XN1菌丝细胞,且能够较长时间保持高的活性。选择载体颗粒0.5cm×0.5 cm×0.5 cm,固液比为6 g/L,接种量105个孢子/mL培养基可达到较好的固定化和产絮凝剂效果。利用最佳固定化条件进行絮凝剂的摇瓶半连续生产实验发现,在最佳条件下,固定化XN1菌产絮凝剂可连续达12批次,且絮凝活性均在90%以上,说明利用多孔聚酯泡沫颗粒作为固定化载体,连续生产絮凝剂的方法是可行的。且和游离菌生产絮凝剂相比,生产效率可提高77.78%。     

外源有机酸对红树林内生真菌发酵生产1403C的影响

本文主要研究了外源有机酸对红树林内生真菌No.1403发酵生产1403C的影响,并且分别在摇瓶和5 L反应器进行柠檬酸(钠)的间歇性补加实验。研究发现在新培养基条件下添加丙二酸前体对1403C产量无促进作用。摇瓶发酵前期添加的柠檬酸对1403C合成代谢有轻微抑制效应,中后期补加的柠檬酸很可能被用于维持菌体的初级代谢。而反应器发酵的1403C产量比对照产量提高8.6%,达到0.81 g/L;碳饥饿时期,在pH7.0且菌体稳定存在条件下,添加外源柠檬酸可促进1403C的合成。     

利用固定化简单节杆菌转化醋酸可的松

用聚乙烯醇－海藻酸钙复合载体包埋简单节杆菌BY 2—3—5l的方法,制备了具有较高机械强度和较好活性的球形固定化细胞。确定了固定化条件、活化条件和酶的特性。在摇瓶中利用该固定化细胞进行醋酸可的松脱氢生成醋酸强的松的反应,初始底物浓度为20g/L、反应18h的转化率可达98％。在分批次反应中．适时地活化可保持固定化细胞的活性。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.