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1.
通径分析在脊尾白虾育种形态性状选择中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选择胶州湾134只野生脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda),对其体长、全长、头胸甲长及体重等24项性状进行测量,采用相关分析和通径分析的方法,分析了形态性状对体重的影响效果,并构建形态性状与体重的多元回归方程.结果表明,各形态性状与体重的相关系数均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);全长、头胸甲宽、头胸甲高、第一腹长、第二腹高、第三腹宽对体重的通径系数达到显著水平(P<0.05);所选形态性状与体重的复相关指数R2=0.954;多元回归分析建立了全长、头胸甲宽、头胸甲高、第一腹长、第二腹高、第三腹宽对体重的回归方程Y=-2.783+0.014X1+0.130X4+0.095X13+0.126X5+0.045X6+0.149X11.试验结果为脊尾白虾良种选育研究提供了理想的测度指标.  相似文献   

2.
正油茶宽盾蝽Poecilocoris latus Dallas,英文名Tea seed bug,隶属于半翅目Hemiptera蝽科Pentatomidae。成虫体长16.0-20.0 mm,宽10.5-14.0 mm,宽椭圆形;卵直径1.8-2.0 mm,近圆形,初产时淡黄绿色,数日后呈现两条紫色长斑,孵化前为橙黄色。1龄若虫一般体长3.0 mm,近圆形,橙黄色,具金属光泽,若虫共5个龄期。油茶宽盾蝽通常一年发生1代,以5龄若虫在落叶下或土  相似文献   

3.
利用筛选到的25个微卫星标记,以中华鳖极大、极小两个群体共120个个体为实验材料,分析这些微卫星标记与体重、背甲长、背甲宽、体高、腹甲长及腹甲宽之间的相关性。结果表明:有3个位点与生长性状的相关性达到显著或极显著水平(p0.05或p0.01),其中位点LTF1与体重、背甲长、背甲宽、腹甲长、腹甲宽、体高均极显著相关;位点LTR87与体重、背甲长、和腹甲宽显著相关;位点LT8与体重、体高、腹甲长、腹甲宽显著相关。将同一性状不同基因型之间进行多重比较,结果显示位点LTF1中的BE型,位点LTR87中的BB型,以及位点LT8中的CF型、BC型、AC型、CC型具有明显的生长优势,可作为辅助育种的参考标记。  相似文献   

4.
发头裸腹溞生长、生殖的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
发头裸腹MoinairrasaBrehm(Cladocera)在25±1℃下有3个幼龄、6个成龄,平均寿命为167.7h,平均最大体长为1.75mm,平均产仔量为117个,rm为1.358/d;在30±1℃下有3个幼龄、7个成龄,平均寿命为121.0h,平均最大体长为1.71mm,平均产仔量为106.6个,rm为1.650/d。在生命初期30±1℃下体重增长率(dW/dt)、相对体长增长率(dL/Ldt)、体长、体重均大于25±1℃,在生命中后期25±1℃各增长率、体长及体重反而超出30±1℃。体重增长率25±1℃下在0.862d有一最大值,30±1℃下在0.395d有一最大值。两温度下相对体长增长率在t=0即刚出生时最大。  相似文献   

5.
通过研究同一种群雌性宽肋盘腹蛛Cyclocosmia latusicosta Zhu,Zhang & Zhang,2006,发现该种个体间在体长、步足长度、齿堤齿的形态与数量、圆盘肋数及纳精囊长宽之比等方面变异较大;宽肋盘腹蛛与里氏盘腹蛛Cyclocosmia ricketti(Pocock,1901)的区别主要是圆盘印痕中央是否存在纽扣状突起.  相似文献   

6.
通过研究同一种群雌性宽肋盘腹蛛Cyclocosmia latusicosta Zhu,Zhang & Zhang,2006,发现该种个体间在体长、步足长度、齿堤齿的形态与数量、圆盘肋数及纳精囊长宽之比等方面变异较大;宽肋盘腹蛛与里氏盘腹蛛Cyclocosmia ricketti(Pocock,1901)的区别主要是圆盘印痕中央是否存在纽扣状突起.  相似文献   

7.
褐飞虱若虫生长速率及能量物质动态   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
<正> 褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Stal若虫自卵中孵化后,经过多次脱皮羽化为成虫。若虫不断从稻株中摄取营养供生长发育需要,同时将营养变成能量物质贮存在体内,体长和体重随着虫龄增加不断增加。Dyar(1890)氏和Przi-bram氏先后提出节肢动物幼虫每一次脱皮后  相似文献   

8.
【目的】为掌握茶翅蝽Halyomorphahalys(St?l)的发生及为害特性,进一步采取有效的防治措施,本文测定了茶翅蝽卵到成虫的发育历期、成虫的寿命及其繁殖能力,并研究了茶翅蝽若虫各龄期的形态特征。【方法】本文在温度(25±1)℃,湿度RH 70%±5%,光照周期16 L∶8 D的实验条件下,采用单头饲养法,测定了茶翅蝽从卵到成虫的生长发育历期、1-5龄若虫的形态特征,并通过新羽化成虫配对饲养测定成虫的寿命及雌虫的繁殖能力。【结果】茶翅蝽卵到成虫的发育历期为(44.98±2.54)d,其中卵的发育历期为(6.90±0.05)d,孵化率为96.06%;若虫总发育历期为(38.08±2.49)d,1-5龄历期分别为(5.41±0.17)、(9.17±0.15)、(6.73±0.16)、(7.46±0.49)和(9.28±0.32)d,若虫总存活率为59.97%;雌、雄成虫寿命分别为(30.80±2.41)d和(36.56±2.82)d;雌成虫产卵前期为11.80 d,持续产卵期为14.08 d,单雌一生平均产卵量为83.80粒。茶翅蝽1龄若虫色彩鲜艳,黄色、褐色或橘红色,体长为(1.93±0.03)mm,宽为(1.43±0.02)mm,足胫节黑色无白斑;2-5龄若虫主体均为黑色,2龄胸部背板黑色、无黄斑,足胫节黑色无白斑,体长为(2.52±0.05)mm,宽为(1.73±0.03)mm;3龄胸部背板黑色且有黄斑、无翅芽,足胫节黑色并带有白斑或白环,体长为(4.29±0.05)mm,宽为(2.93±0.06)mm;4龄翅芽开始显现延伸至后胸后缘,足胫节有白环,体长为(6.46±0.10)mm,宽为(4.46±0.08)mm;5龄翅芽末端近达腹部第2节后缘,足胫节有白环,体长为(9.25±0.19)mm,宽为(6.18±0.16)mm。【结论】在25℃下,茶翅蝽卵到成虫的发育历期为44.98 d,卵到成虫的存活率为57.60%,平均每雌产卵量为83.80粒。翅芽的发育特征及足胫节上是否有白色环纹是辨别若虫各龄期的重要依据。  相似文献   

9.
大鳞副泥鳅雌雄个体的形态分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
王元军  李殿香 《四川动物》2005,24(2):159-160
本文利用数理统计手段研究南四湖大鳞副泥鳅雌雄个体形态差异,结果表明大鳞副泥鳅雌雄个体形态整体差异不显著,但体长/吻腹长指标差异显著;1龄鱼、3龄鱼雌性个体体长、体重大于雄性个体,2龄鱼则呈相反趋势;t检验表明,仅3龄鱼雌雄个体间体长、体重差异显著。  相似文献   

10.
大别山区黄缘闭壳龟形态生物学的种群特征分析(Ⅱ)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据腹甲形态以及背甲与腹甲的闭合程度等特征,将大别山区黄缘闭壳龟分为两个自然种群,对其中一个自然种群的形态生物学特征进行研究报道.该自然种群的形态生物学特征为腹甲中部较平,背甲与腹甲完全闭合不紧密,头部、四肢可部分露出,可量性状研究表明,背甲长/背甲宽、背甲长/腹甲长、背甲宽/腹甲宽的统计分析分别为:1.37±0.06、1.04±0.02、1.30±0.04.背甲长与腹甲长的回归方程为Y=1.0512X-1.3141、背甲长与体高的回归方程为Y=0.4665X 0.6157,线性相关极其显著.体重与背甲长、体重与背甲宽、背甲宽与腹甲宽等存在着比较显著的线件关系.而年龄与体重(相关系数为r=0.3640)不存在明显的线性相关性.  相似文献   

11.
Aspects of the nymphal/adult developmental change were investigated in biometric studies of several species of Plecoptera: Nemouridae near Schlitz, Hesse, Germany. Preliminary information on the mayfly, Baetis vernus Curtis, is also provided. Nemourid nymphs pass through 3 wing bearing stages before reaching adulthood. Instars can be identified by their characteristic shapes, as expressed by the wing length/head width (WL/HW) ratio. Size does not allow instar discrimination, mainly due to sexual size differences. HW is ca 10% larger in last instar female than in male nemourid nymphs; exuviae shed at the moult to adult represent about 14% of nymphal ash free dry weight (AFDW). Biomass lost with exuviae during the many larval moults should be accounted for in estimates of production. Freshly emerged nemourid females are about 6% larger and 30% heavier than males. The HW/AFDW relationship is the same in both sexes. Through terrestrial feeding during adult life, males double their weight on average. Mature females are up to three times heavier than freshly emerged ones. They invest about 30% of their final AFDW in reproduction.Shape of last instar nymphal Baetis was expressed as the ratio wing length/mesonotum length. It is size-dependent, a characteristic, instar-specific shape may not occur in this mayfly. Nymphal and subimaginal exuviae together represent about 14% of last instar nymphal dry weight. Females of Baetis are about 55% heavier than males. Unlike in Plecoptera, the size/weight (ML/AFDW) relationship differs between sexes.  相似文献   

12.
The developmental origin of phenotypic plasticity in morphological shape can be attributed to environment-specific changes in growth of overall body size, localized growth of a morphological structure or a combination of both. I monitored morphological development in the first four nymphal instars of grasshoppers (Melanoplus femurrubrum) raised on two different plant diets to determine the ontogenetic origins of diet-induced phenotypic plasticity and to quantify genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity. I measured diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in body size (tibia length), head size (articular width and mandible depth) and head shape (residual articular width and residual mandible depth) for grasshoppers from 37 full-sib families raised on either a hard plant diet (Lolium perenne) or a soft plant diet (Trifolium repens). By the second to third nymphal instar, grasshoppers raised on a hard plant diet had significantly smaller mean tibia length and greater mean residual articular width (distance between mandibles adjusted for body size) compared with full-sibs raised on a soft plant diet. However, there was no significant phenotypic plasticity in mean unadjusted articular width and mandible depth, and in mean residual mandible depth. At the population level, development of diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in grasshopper head shape is mediated by plastic changes in allocation to tissue growth that maintain growth of head size on hard, low-nutrient diets while reducing growth of body size. Within the population, there was substantial variation in the plasticity of growth trajectories since different full-sib families developed phenotypic plasticity of residual articular width through different combinations of head and body size growth. Genetic variation for diet-induced phenotypic plasticity of residual articular width, residual mandible depth and tibia length, as estimated by genotype–environment interaction, exhibited significant fluctuation through ontogeny (repeated measures MANOVA , family × plant × instar, P < 0.01). For example, there was significant genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity of residual articular width in the third nymphal instar, but not earlier or later in ontogeny. The observed patterns of genetic variation are discussed with reference to short-term constraints and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity.  相似文献   

13.
Within a population of the web-building spiderAgelena limbata, the weight of the first instar nymphs ranged from 1.187 to 6.559 mg. Both intraclutch and interclutch variation were recorded. The mean weights were different among clutches and the coefficients of variation within a clutch ranged from 3.3 to 29.2%. Variation in the nymphal weight was certainly derived from variation in the egg weight because there was a high correlation between the two weights. Factors affecting interclutch variation in nymphal weight were examined by multiple regression analysis. Nymphal weight was positively correlated with the body size and food conditions of female parents, and negatively correlated with the clutch size. Among these three factors, the food conditions of female parents had the largest apparent effect on the interclutch variation. The results suggest that females with larger body size and more food produce larger offspring, and that there is a trade-off between offspring size and clutch size. Heavier nymphs had larger body size (carapace width) and may have larger energy reserves. Heavier nymphs survived experimental starvation for a significantly longer period.  相似文献   

14.
【目的】本研究旨在明确松墨天牛Monochamus alteratus成虫及越冬幼虫体型大小的差异,探讨该虫越冬后成虫体型大小和越冬幼虫体重大小关系及原因。【方法】于2014年5月1日至10月31日在浙江富阳野外诱捕松墨天牛,通过测量野外诱捕到的松墨天牛成虫体长、体宽,确定林间松墨天牛成虫体型的差异;松墨天牛越冬幼虫的采集和称重测量明确越冬幼虫的组成和体重大小差异;进而通过对越冬幼虫单头跟踪饲养至化蛹、羽化,确定越冬幼虫体重大小与发育所得蛹和成虫大小的关系,阐明林间松墨天牛成虫体型差异的原因。【结果】浙江富阳野外诱捕发现,松墨天牛的活动期间很长,从5月中旬到10月初一直能诱捕到松墨天牛成虫,高峰期在6和7月份。松墨天牛雌雄成虫体型差异很大,雌虫平均体长和体宽分别为20.59±0.19和6.59±0.06 mm;雄虫平均体长和体宽分别为19.90±0.26和6.44±0.08 mm;雌虫的平均体长明显高于雄虫,但二者体宽没有显著差异;并且雌雄成虫体长和体宽呈显著正相关。越冬幼虫的头宽测定表明头宽的变化很大,最小为2.20 mm,最大为4.24 mm,经比对越冬幼虫由4龄和5龄幼虫组成;幼虫体重差异大,平均体重为304.2 mg,介于71.6~858.0 mg之间,其中5龄越冬幼虫显著重于4龄越冬幼虫。进一步将越冬幼虫单管饲养跟踪研究发现,越冬幼虫体重大小决定蛹和羽化后的成虫的大小,二者存在显著的正相关,并且由4龄越冬幼虫发育所得的蛹和成虫显著轻于由5龄幼虫发育所得的蛹和成虫。【结论】松墨天牛成虫体型差异很大,这与越冬幼虫体重差异相关;越冬幼虫的体重大小决定了其化蛹后的蛹重和羽化后成虫的体型和体重的大小;造成越冬幼虫体重差异的可能原因包括松墨天牛成虫扬飞周期长导致的产卵期长而使得天牛发育进度不一致以及寄主不同部位营养的差异。  相似文献   

15.
彭宇  赵敬钊  胡萃 《蛛形学报》2001,10(1):22-25
幼蛛在蜘蛛的种群中占有很大比例。通过室内饲养。获得了不同龄期的真水狼蛛幼蛛。其体重、体长、背甲宽、步足长、眼域宽以及中斑下的条形纵斑长度都随着龄期的增大而增加。背甲宽和中斑下的条形斑纹长度可用来判断真水幼蛛的龄期。雌蛛的取食量大于雄蛛,高龄幼蛛大于低龄幼蛛。幼蛛在蜕皮时不取食,蜕皮后,取食量明显增加。  相似文献   

16.
麦长管蚜虫龄鉴别特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
【目的】为明确麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)虫龄鉴别特征, 达到快速鉴别的目的。【方法】在成像观察的基础上, 测定无翅型和有翅型个体不同虫龄的体长、 体宽、 头壳宽、 触角长、 腹管长和后足胫节长6项指标。【结果】麦长管蚜不同翅型个体的体长、 体宽、 头壳宽、 触角长、 腹管长和后足胫节长在虫龄间均存在显著差异, 其中体长、 体宽、 头壳宽和触角长在相邻虫龄之间重叠程度大, 后足胫节长的重叠百分比极小或无重叠; 除有翅型个体4龄若蚜和成蚜之间存在13.93%的重叠外, 腹管长在不同翅型的其他相邻虫龄之间重叠百分比均极小或无重叠, 说明后足胫节长和腹管长可作为虫龄鉴定的主要特征。翅、 触角和尾片的其他外部形态特征在虫龄间也存在一定差异: 3-4龄有翅型若蚜和成蚜虫个体前胸的膨大程度及其翅的长度明显大于同一龄期的无翅型个体, 可用于蚜虫翅型的分辨以及3-4龄有翅若蚜和成蚜的鉴别; 麦长管蚜1和2龄若蚜触角均为5节, 3-4龄若蚜和成蚜的触角均为6节; 同时, 除了成蚜具有完整的尾片外, 1-4龄若蚜尾片均不发达, 说明触角的节数和尾片的发达程度可作为麦长管蚜不同龄期形态鉴别的辅助特征。【结论】以腹管和后足胫节作为麦长管蚜虫龄鉴别的主要特征, 配合其他辅助特征, 如翅的大小、 触角的节数以及尾片的发达程度等, 可达到快速鉴别不同翅型不同龄期蚜虫的目的。  相似文献   

17.
红棕象甲室内生物学特性及形态观察   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
在室内对红棕象甲Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Fab.生物学特性和形态进行系统观察。结果表明在26℃、RH80%、寄主食料华盛顿棕榈饲养条件下,红棕象甲世代历期平均114.77d,最短87.00d、最长166.00d,其中卵期平均3.50d,幼虫期平均36.68d,结茧到产卵前历期平均29.96d。幼虫以8龄为主,1~2龄幼虫的体重小于0.01g,头壳宽短于1.0mm,3龄后幼虫体重、头壳宽度、体长和体宽开始增加,8龄时幼虫平均体重为3.36g,头壳宽度6.0mm。成虫雌雄性比1.78∶1,补充营养能显著延长成虫寿命,在无补充营养时,雌雄成虫寿命只有7.00d左右,而在补充营养后,雌雄成虫寿命最长可分别达130.00d和244.00d。雌虫产卵量最大376粒,最小89粒,平均216粒。  相似文献   

18.
Application of powder diets may promote development of the predator Geocoris ochropterus (Fieber) when densities are low in greenhouses or fields. Development and nymphal survival ratio of G. ochropterus fed on different powder diets including silkworm pupae (A), crickets (B), silkworm pupae and sunflower seed (C) and crickets and sunflower seed (D) were examined. Total average development period was 30.14 days for instars fed on silkworm pupae, 34.43 days for instars fed on crickets, 26.28 days for instars fed on silkworm pupae and sunflower seed and 29.67 days for instars fed on crickets and sunflower seed, and they were significantly different. Head width, body length, forewing length, dry body weight of adults and sex ratio were not affected by the different diets. There were significantly different found in survival rates among the diets when the nymph reached 5th instar. Results indicate that the combination powder of silkworm pupae and sunflower seed will promise as an alternative diet in the greenhouses to maintain the population of G. ochropterus.  相似文献   

19.
The paper presents anthropometric data on 292 healthy neonates delivered of normal births at the Women's Hospital of Tartu University (150 boys and 142 girls). The parameters of the neonates' physical development measured included height, weight, sitting height, length of sternum and abdomen, shoulder width, upper and lower width and depth of thorax, width and depth of abdomen, D. cristarum, D. trochanterica, pelvic depth, 12 circumferences, foot length and two skinfolds (on abdomen and back). The mean weight of a neonate was 3620.5 g±448.7 g (minimum 2400 g and maximum 4854 g). Boys were somewhat heavier than girls (3684.7 g and 3551.3 g respectively). The average height of the infants was 49.9 cm±1.9 cm (minimum 44 cm and maximum 54.5 cm). Correlation analysis of the characteristics showed that body structure is a system of wellcorrelated anthropometric measurements where the leading role belongs to height and weight. The changes in the relation between height and weight (height-weight classification in 3×3SD classes) cause systemic changes in other measurements. Therefore, in further micropaediatric and clinical research, the height-weight classification could be used as the primary model of the body as a whole.  相似文献   

20.
绿豆象幼虫虫龄的划分及末龄幼虫头部形态和感器观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】明确绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis幼虫的龄期,了解其末龄幼虫头部感受器的种类、形态和分布。【方法】测量绿豆象幼虫体长、头壳宽和上颚宽,根据所得数据的频次分布图、关系拟合结果和戴氏法则确定绿豆象最佳分龄指标,明确幼虫虫龄数,并利用Crosby生长法则和线性回归的方法进行验证;采用扫描电镜对末龄幼虫头部形态及感受器进行观察。【结果】绿豆象体长、头壳宽和上颚宽的频次分布均呈显著的4个峰,因此推断绿豆象幼虫为4个虫龄。各龄的体长变幅分别为1.581~2.556, 2.406~3.381, 3.381~4.281和4.206~4.881 mm,头壳宽度变幅分别为0.444~0.689, 0.654~0.934, 0.934~1.179和1.144~1.389 mm,上颚宽变幅分别为0.080~0.256, 0.234~0.344, 0.322~0.542和0.542~0.652 mm。体长、头壳宽和上颚宽均符合戴氏法则和Crosby生长法则,并呈现明显的线性关系,因此体长、头壳宽和上颚宽可作为绿豆象幼虫龄期划分的重要指标。头壳宽的Crosby指数均小于体长和上颚宽的Crosby指数,且头壳宽与体长测量值的对数值与幼虫龄期的相关系数要优于上颚宽测量值的对数值与幼虫龄期的相关系数,因此可将头壳宽作为最佳分龄指标。绿豆象末龄幼虫头部感器共有锥形感器、毛形感器、瓶形感器、刺形感器、板形感器、栓锥形感器和坛形感器7种感器,主要分布于触角、下颚须、上唇和上颚。【结论】绿豆象幼虫分龄形态指标和头部形态观察为研究其行为活动及综合防治提供理论基础。  相似文献   

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