番木瓜核型和减数分裂研究

对番木瓜核型和花粉母细胞减数分裂行为的研究表明,番木瓜染色体数目为2n=18,由9对中部着丝粒染色体组成。核型公式为2n=2x=18m。花粉母细胞减数分裂正常,在终变期和中期Ⅰ观察到9个二价体,未观察到染色体结构变异和行为异常。     

黄芩的花粉母细胞减数分裂及核型分析

采用压片法,对黄芩花粉母细胞减数分裂及核型进行了研究。结果表明:黄芩的大多数花粉母细胞减数分裂中染色体的行为正常,在终变期同源染色体配对后可形成9个二价体,后期Ⅰ染色体以9∶9的方式向细胞两极分离,其减数分裂为同时型;在少数花粉母细胞减数分裂中观察到落后染色体、染色体桥等异常行为;其花粉粒育性为76.49%。黄芩的染色体数目为2n=2X=18,核型公式为K(2n)=2X=18=16m+2 sm,染色体相对长度组成为2n=1 s+4M1+3M2+1L,其核型为"1A"型。     

麦蓝菜的花粉母细胞减数分裂及核型分析

采用压片法,对麦蓝菜的花粉母细胞减数分裂及体细胞核型进行了研究。结果表明,麦蓝菜的绝大多数花粉母细胞减数分裂中染色体的行为正常,在终变期同源染色体配对后可形成15个二价体;在少数花粉母细胞减数分裂中观察到落后染色体、染色体桥等异常行为;其减数分裂为同时型,其花粉粒育性为88.04%。麦蓝菜的染色体数目为2n=2X=30,核型公式为K(2n)=2X=30=22m(2SAT)+8 sm,染色体相对长度组成为2n=16M2+14M1,其核型为"1A"型。     

四倍体中华猕猴桃减数分裂及花粉发育的细胞学观察

观察了四倍体中华猕猴桃(2n=4x=116)雄株花粉母细胞减数分裂和花粉发育过程。在减数分裂终变期和中期Ⅰ,绝大部分染色体呈二价体构型,出现少最环状和链状多价体。胞质发育为同时型。成熟花粉粒为两细胞型。     

石竹花粉母细胞减数分裂的观察

采用常规压片法对石竹(Dianthus chinensis L.)花粉母细胞减数分裂进行了细胞学观察。结果表明,减数分裂过程中存在二价体提前分离、赤道板外染色体、落后染色体、染色体不均等分离等异常现象,各时期的畸形率都低于3%,石竹的减数分裂过程基本正常,石竹染色体数目2n=2x=30。     

雄性东亚钳蝎减数分裂和染色体组型

本文作者对我国药用动物东亚钳蝎——Buthusmartensi的精母细胞减数分裂和染色体组型进行初步观察。该虫的减数分裂有细线期、偶线期、粗线期、双线期和终变期。染色体数目24者居多,2n=24,即2n=22A+xy。染色体组型有3对为中部着丝粒染色体,7对亚中部着丝粒和1对端部着丝粒染色体。1对性染色体xy均为亚中部着丝粒染色体。     

内葵杂3号染色体核型分析

对内蒙古地区的栽培品种内葵杂3号三交种和单交种了进行了核型分析。其结果为:内葵杂3号三交种和单交种的染色体数均为2n=34,各具一对随体染色体。三交种第2对染色体具随体且为近中部着丝粒染色体,其余为中部着丝粒染色体,染色体相对长度变异范围4.105%～7.703%,核型公式为2n=2x=34=32m+2sm(2sat),核型类型属于1A型;单交种均为中部着丝粒染色体,第4对染色体具随体,染色体相对长度变异范围3.661%～8.128%,其核型公式为:2n=2x=34=34m(2sat),核型类型属于1B型。     

蛆症异蚤蝇减数分裂染色体观察

以蛹精巢和卵巢组织为材料,采用空气干燥法制备染色体标本,Giemsa和硝酸银分别染色,对蛆症异蚤蝇Megaselia scalaris减数分裂染色体行为进行研究。结果表明:蛆症异蚤蝇的染色体数目n=3,由2条中着丝粒染色体和1条端着丝粒染色体组成;粗线期,第2条二价体具有较强的嗜银性,可能为性染色体;晚粗线期,第1条二价体的同源染色体之间出现一条细线,类似于联会复合体;终变期,第2条二价体形成环状结构;晚终变期,在3条二价体染色体臂上均产生条带,根据二价体着丝粒处是否成环可以将3条二价体分开。     

紫竹梅的减数分裂与核型分析

以紫竹梅根尖和花药为材料,分析鸭跖草科紫竹梅的染色体组型,并观察花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中的染色体行为。紫竹梅体细胞染色体数目为24,由12对中着丝粒染色体组成,核型公式为2n=2x=24m。花粉母细胞减数分裂正常,在第一次分裂中期观察到12个二价体,与观察到的体细胞染色体数目互相印证。     

萝卜与甘蓝属间杂种基因组原位杂交分析

用基因组原位杂交方法（Genomic in situ hybridization, 简称GISH）研究了萝卜( Raphanus sativus,2n=18,RR)和甘蓝（Brassica oleracea , 2n=18, CC）属间杂种F1减数分裂过程。结果表明杂种体细胞染色体组成为RC,2n=18,但花粉母细胞有三种不同类型：1. RC,2n=18, 终变期染色体平均配对构型为14.87Ⅰ+1.20Ⅱ+0.04Ⅲ+0.06Ⅳ, 染色体配对主要发生在萝卜和甘蓝染色体之间, 后期Ⅰ9条萝卜染色体主要以5/4和6/3的分离比移向两极, 所形成配子的染色体数目和组成均不平衡,配子败育; 2. RRCC,4n=36, 终变期染色体形成18个二价体,后期Ⅰ染色体均衡分离,形成RC不减数配子;3. RRCC缺体,4n=30－34, 少数萝卜染色体丢失,形成的配子具有全套的甘蓝染色体和部分萝卜染色体。     

Experimental results about Platanus pollen deposition

A comparison between the aerobiological and floristic data carried out for Platanus are reported. The source was constituted by 60 Platanus trees. When they were pollinating we calculated the total pollen prodution of the source, controlling the number of male inflorescences for each plant, the number of anthers for each inflorescence and the number of pollen for each anther. Aerobiological data were obtained with 16 Durham gravimetric samplers positioned over an area of approximately 25 km² at variable distances and in different directions to capture pollen transported by winds coming from any direction. In the first year of analysis, we carried out two kind of aerobiological monitoring positioning a Hirst volumetric trap near the closest gravimetric sampler. The two methods showed a similar trend in Platanus pollen profiles. In the following years, only Durham gravimetric samplers were used to study pollen dispersion. The data showed that there were high concentrations of pollen on the soil near the source while at distances higher than 800 m pollen concentration decreased dramatically. About 1/4 of all the pollen produced fell in an area within 400 m from the source and at a distance of 2750 m only 9 pollen grains/cm² fell throughout the entire season. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Betula</Emphasis> spp. pollen in the atmosphere of Novi Sad (2000–2002)

Pollen of Betula spp. is one of the main European aeroallergens. The aim of this study was to determine characteristics and occurrence of the Betula pollen in Novi Sad atmosphere, based on 3-year observations (2000–2002), and to compare pollen season start dates calculated by different methods. Pollen samples have been collected by Hirst volumetric method with a 7-day Burkard spore trap. Four methods (Sum 75, 2.5%, 30 and 1 pg/m ³) have been used for determination of the start dates of the Betula pollen season and the results have been compared. The total annual pollen sum increased during the observed period. In 2000, 2001 and 2002, the highest daily pollen concentrations were 97, 137 and 1034 pg/m ³, respectively. The earliest Betula pollen season start has been calculated by the 1 pg/m ³ method.     

Possibility of real-time measurement of an airborne Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergen based on the principle of surface plasmon resonance

In order to establish a real-timemeasurement system for the concentration ofairborne pollen allergens, we examined Cry j 1,one of the major allergens of Cryptomeriajaponica pollen, as an example to establishthe system. The feasible system consisted of:collection of airborne pollen allergens usingthe Virtual Impactor or Cyclone sampler,extraction of Cry j 1 using 10mM HEPES buffercontaining 0.125M NH₄HCO₃ andfinally, real-time measurement of Cry j 1 usingthe BIACORE 3000 system. The sensitivity of thesystem was 5 ng/ml, and 0.1 ml sample volumeand at least 500 pg of Cry j 1 were requiredfor each measurement. Quantification of Cry j 1in the air can be determined 30 min aftercollection, i.e. 15 min for extraction, 10 minfor separation from particulate matters and 5min for the measurement.     

鱼腥草花粉母细胞减数分裂特征及其育性研究

为深入了解鱼腥草花粉母细胞的减数分裂特征与花粉育性的关系,该研究采用卡宝品红染色法对2个鱼腥草居群花粉母细胞的减数分裂过程进行观察,并采用氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法、I2-KI染色法、B-K培养基培养法及荧光显微镜观察法来检测鱼腥草花粉的活力及萌发率。结果发现:(1)鱼腥草减数分裂的进程与花序大小、花药颜色、花药长度均有密切的关系。(2)2个居群的鱼腥草中花粉母细胞减数分裂过程正常占88.2%,有11.8%的花粉母细胞减数分裂异常。(3)减数分裂异常表现在减数分裂过程中出现微核、落后染色体、染色体桥、不均等分离、多分体等现象,并发现在二分体阶段及单核花粉发育过程中存在细胞融合。(4)2个居群的鱼腥草花粉活力均不超过1.5%,花粉几乎不萌发。研究认为,鱼腥草花粉育性低的主要原因是单核花粉的发育过程异常,而非鱼腥草花粉母细胞减数分裂异常所致。     

无距虾脊兰花粉离体萌发及储藏条件的研究

以天目山野生无距虾脊兰的花粉为材料,采用离体萌发法研究了花粉的储藏性以及不同的培养基组分和培养条件对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,并采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定了其柱头的可授性,以筛选无距虾脊兰花粉的培养方法以及储藏条件,为其种质资源保存等研究奠定基础。结果表明:(1)无距虾脊兰最适花粉液体培养基为200g·L-1蔗糖+50mg·L-1 H3BO3+40mg·L-1 Ca(NO3)2·4H2O,并且在pH 5.5~6.0、温度25℃恒温下培养48h,无距虾脊兰花粉萌发率(81.71%)和花粉管生长(247.42μm)最佳。(2)无距虾脊兰花粉在-80℃中低温干燥储藏360d后仍具有48.58%的萌发率。(3)无距虾脊兰的柱头在开花前5d内均具有可授性,花粉块在整个花期内均保持了28.96%~81.71%的生活力,但柱头可授性和花粉活力均随开花后时间的延长显著降低。     

Immature maize spikelets develop and produce pollen in culture

Immature maize spikelets have been successfully grown in vitro. Culture conditions were refined to maximize development of normal pollen grains. Kinetin was not required for normal development, in contrast to the absolute requirement for this plant growth regulator for in vitro tassel development. Development occured in all stages sampled, from premeiosis to postvacuolation, and there was no lag in progression through the various stages of development as compared to greenhouse-grown material. Cultured spikelets produced pollen that appeared morphologically normal, accumulated starch and had the normal two sperm nuclei and single vegetative nucleus.     

Mating System in a Low-density Natural Population of the Dioecious Wind-pollinated Patagonian Cypress

The mating system of a species is an essential factor that determines the genotypic frequencies of its populations in each generation. Thus, knowledge in this regard is important in the application of practical measures in conservation and forest tree breeding. Austrocedrus chilensis (D.DON) PIC. SER. ET BIZZARRI is a member of the Cupressaceae native to the Andean–Patagonian Forest of Argentina and Chile with regional economic importance. It is a dioecious tree with pollen and seeds distributed by wind. Isozyme markers were utilized to study the mating system of this species through the survey of individual effective pollen clouds in a natural low-density population. If random mating occurs, effective pollen clouds that pollinate single seed trees are expected to be genetically homogeneous. The classical HardyWeinberg test of panmixia was also performed. Although it failed to reject random mating, the analysis of the pollen clouds showed that this mating pattern does not occur. Evidence of locally distributed heterogeneous pollen clouds is presented. The two methods are critically compared.     

Aerobiology of Castanea pollen in Galicia

The concentration of airborne chestnut pollenhas been investigated at four monitoringstations situated in several cities in Galicia(NW Spain) during 1995–1998. Their pollenseason takes place from mid June to thebeginning of August. The annual total chestnutpollen shows differences between years in eachcity. Likewise there are significantdifferences between cities in each year.The pollen concentrations were closelycorrelated with meteorological parameters. Theyincreased with maximum temperatures and hoursof sunshine and they decreased with rainfalland relative humidity.The diurnal variations of pollen concentrationsshow different patterns in urban and ruralareas. Where the spore trap is surrounded byarboreal masses with chestnut as the dominanttree, the pattern shows two peaks, one in theevening (between seven and mid-night) andanother in the morning (between four and one inthe afternoon).     

Pollen grains ofAmbrosia in the air of Sofia,Bulgaria

Up to now,Ambrosia pollen has not been considered a cause of allergy symptoms in Bulgaria. However, the results of pollen monitoring suggest that such allergies will become inevitable in the near future. This conclusion is supported by allergometric data on 120 patients.     

紫斑牡丹单瓣与半重瓣花粉超微结构及生理生化特性比较北大核心CSCD

该研究以3个紫斑牡丹品种(‘象牙白’、‘美人面’、‘紫金冠’)的单瓣与半重瓣花粉为材料,对其超微结构和生理生化特性进行观察分析,并对其花粉培养基进行筛选优化,探讨单瓣和半重瓣花粉的超微结构与花粉萌发率以及物质代谢与花粉萌发率之间的关系。结果表明:(1)紫斑牡丹花粉萌发的最适宜培养基为100 g·L^(-1)蔗糖+0.15 g·L^(-1)硼酸+10 g·L^(-1)琼脂。(2)花粉饱满率是影响花粉萌发的主要原因。(3)3个紫斑牡丹品种的单瓣花粉离体培养萌发率均显著高于半重瓣的花粉。(4)‘象牙白’、‘美人面’、‘紫金冠’单瓣花粉可溶性蛋白含量均高于半重瓣花粉,但三者单瓣花粉的MDA含量和3种保护酶(CAT、SOD、POD)活性均低于半重瓣花粉。研究认为,花粉体内蛋白质亏损和MDA、CAT、SOD、POD的积累可能是引起半重瓣紫斑牡丹花粉萌发率较低的生理原因之一。