杜虹花叶挥发油化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

采用气相色谱一质谱联用(GC-MS)对杜虹花(Callic arpa formosana Rolfe)叶挥发油的化学成分进行分析,并用DPPH法测定其抗氧化活性.结果表明,从杜虹花叶挥发油中鉴定出48种成分,占总挥发油的90.14%.其中(-)-斯巴醇(20.23%)、β-石竹烯(17.22%)、大根香叶烯(8.06%)和β-桉叶烯(5.52%)为其主要成分.此外,τ-榄香烯(4.18%)、马兜铃烯(3.78%)、异香橙烯氧化物(2.71%)及4-松油醇(2.50%)的含量也较高.抗氧化实验中,3种不同浓度的挥发油均对DPPH自由基有一定的清除能力,且有明显的量-效相关性.     

钻地风挥发油化学成分及抗炎活性的研究

为了研究钻地风挥发油的化学成分及其抗炎药效,我们采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取钻地风挥发油并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术分析,分别用佛波酯醇(PMA)或二甲苯(xylene)诱导小鼠耳肿胀,在致炎部位外涂钻地风挥发油以观察疗效.从钻地风挥发油中分离并鉴定了24个组分,占总峰面积含量的96.01%,主要由萜类、芳香羟类成分构成,分别为(E)-1,2-亚甲二氧基-4-丙烯基-苯(23.47%),桉树脑(11.503%),芳樟醇(9.558%),β-松油醇(9.201%),α-蒎烯(7.185%)等,实验显示钻地风挥发油外用可以显著抑制佛波酯醇或二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀.     

利用GC-MS技术分析三棱挥发油化学成分(英文)

本文采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取三棱挥发油化学成分,测得三棱挥发油的得率为3.19%.利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用方法从三棱挥发油中分离并确认出32种化学成分.用峰面积归一化法通过G1710BA化学站数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的百分含量,其中主要成分为3,5,6,7,8,8a-六氢-4,8a-二甲基-6-(11-methylethyenyl)-2(1H)萘酮(12.95%),2,4,6,7,8,8a-六氢-5(1H)-黄酮(10.72%),十氢4a-甲基-1-萘(5.78%),3H-3a,7-甲撑甙菊环烃(5.69%).     

不同种源野菊及菊花脑花的挥发油成分分析

用GC-MS法对来源于不同产地的野菊(Dendranthema indicum L.)及菊花脑(D. nankingene Hand.-Mazz.)花的挥发油成分进行分析及鉴定。结果显示,河北产野菊、江苏产野生和栽培野菊、湖北产野菊及江苏产菊花脑花的挥发油相对含量分别为0.731%、0.226%、0.199%、0.219%及0.171%;它们的主要成分分别为樟脑(12.62%)和龙脑(8.06%)、2-甲氧基-1,7,7-三甲基-二环[2.2.1]庚烷(27.82%)和樟脑(27.56%)、2,6,6-三甲基-二环[3.1.1]-3-庚烯-4-醇乙酸酯(40.58%)和乙酸桃金娘酯(20.07%)、2,7,7-三甲基-二环[3.1.1]-2-庚烯-6-酮(25.10%)和2-亚乙基-6-甲基-3,5-庚二烯醛(17.66%)、龙脑(26.90%)和乙酸龙脑酯(18.60%)。主成分分析及聚类分析结果表明,河北产野菊花的挥发油成分与其他产地野菊花的挥发油成分差异显著,且菊花脑的挥发油成分与不同产地的野菊间也存在一定的差异。     

太子参挥发油化学成分研究 （Ⅰ）

为了研究太子参在GAP实施过程中产地加工对其挥发油化学成分的影响,采用乙醚回流-水蒸气蒸馏提取法,分别提取晒干和烘干太子参的挥发油,运用GC-MS-DS联用分析技术和气相色谱保留指数法,对晒干和烘干太子参挥发油化学成分进行比较分析,用GC面积归一法分别计算了各成分的相对含量.结果表明,晒干和烘干太子参的挥发油得率分别为0.28%和0.13%.晒干太子参挥发油鉴定出9种化合物,其中相对含量最高(87.19%)的成分是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,烘干太子参挥发油鉴定出15种化合物,其中相对含量最高(77.34%)的成分是2,6-二(1,1-二甲乙基)-4-甲基苯酚,两者挥发油化学成分含量和组成有明显差异.     

GC-MS法分析曼陀罗挥发油的化学成分

用水蒸气蒸馏法从曼陀罗中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量.结果从曼陀罗挥发油中鉴定出58种化合物,占总挥发油量的92.37%.其中主要成分为5,6-二氢-6-戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮(44.29%)、二苯胺(12.50%)、四十四烷(10.41%)、二十烷(4.19%)、(E)-3-己烯-1-醇(2.38%)、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯-1-醇(2.28%)等.     

小叶臭黄皮叶挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小叶臭黄皮叶挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对挥发油成分进行了分析,共分离出84个峰,鉴定了其中的66种成分,所鉴定成分占挥发油总量的94.52%.其主要化学成分为α-芹子烯(15.76%)、石竹烯(15.05%)、β-芹子烯(9.54%)、α-蒎烯(6.43%)和α-石竹烯(5.39%)等.     

不同产地吴茱萸果实挥发油成分的GC-MS分析及与小花吴茱萸的比较

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取陕西汉中、贵州、福建、江西4个产地的吴茱萸和汉中产小花吴茱萸的果实挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)共鉴定出154种化学成分,主要为萜类、酯类及酰胺类等化合物。其中陕西汉中产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出48种化学成分,未知成分2种。主要成分有反式-罗勒烯(相对含量为75.05%,下同)、顺式-罗勒烯(8.10%)、β-香叶烯(6.14%)等;贵州产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出43种化学成分,未知成分3种,其主要成分有反式-罗勒烯(67.04%)、β-香叶烯(9.66%)、顺式-罗勒烯(7.98%)等;福建产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出57种化学成分,未知成分2种,主要成分有反式-罗勒烯(73.14%)、顺式-罗勒烯(8.41%)、β-香叶烯(3.82%)等;江西产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出61种化学成分,主要种类有β-香叶烯(33.49%)、反式-罗勒烯(30.27%)、β-水芹烯(18.86%)、顺式-罗勒烯(5.23%)等;陕西汉中产小花吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出化学成分83种,未知成分3个,其主要成分为反式-罗勒烯(40.21%)、顺式-罗勒烯(8.99%)、β-香叶烯(6.74%)等。结果表明,不同产地吴茱萸及小花吴茱萸果实中挥发油的主要成分种类比较接近,但各自挥发油化合物组成又都含有其特有化学成分。     

豆腐柴叶挥发油化学成分及其抗氧化和抑菌作用研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取豆腐柴叶的挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对挥发油进行化学成分分析,并以还原能力、对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除能力及抑制微生物生长为评价指标,研究其体外抗氧化和抑菌作用。结果表明,从豆腐柴叶挥发油中共分离鉴定出化合物有26种,占挥发油总量的98.10%,主要成分有丙酸乙酯(33.70%)、2,2'-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)(9.38%)、叶绿醇(7.91%)、α-桉叶醇(3.75%)、角鲨烯(3.39%)和棕榈酸(3.34%)等。豆腐柴叶挥发油具有较强的抗氧化活性,其还原能力和对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力随其浓度的增加而增强;对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除作用的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为3.396 mg/m L和0.761 mg/m L。豆腐柴叶挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和绿脓杆菌均有显著抑制作用,挥发油的质量浓度与对4种受试菌的抑制作用呈量效关系,其最低抑制浓度(MIC)均为1.125 mg/m L。故豆腐柴叶挥发油具有较好的抗氧化和抑菌特性,为其在食品和药品方面的研究与应用提供了理论基础。     

假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分研究

分别利用顶空固相微萃取法(Head Space-Solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)和水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了黄色假鹰爪鲜花的挥发油成分,用气-质联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油成分进行了分析,对比了两种提取方法得到的黄色假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分的异同.顶空固相微萃取法得到的黄色假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分中芳樟醇(46.19%),香茅醇(3.97%),反-香叶醇(4.21%),香叶酸甲酯(26.64%),(2Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酸乙酯(3.40%)五种物质的含量较高,其中三种醇类物质占总挥发油的54.37%;两种酯类物质占总挥发油的30.04%.水蒸汽蒸馏法得到的黄色假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分中β-石竹烯(31.76%),α-石竹烯(8.63%),大根香叶烯D(4.65%),匙叶桉油烯醇(4.44%),α-石竹烯氧化物(12.98%)五种物质的含量较高.另外,通过对比发现不同生长期假鹰爪鲜花虽然香味差别较大,但是由水蒸汽蒸馏油得到的挥发油成分的种类及含量基本相同.     

Chemical compositions,antimicrobial and herbicidal effects of essential oils isolated from Turkish Tanacetum aucheranum and Tanacetum chiliophyllum var. chiliophyllum

The chemical composition of essential oils isolated from the aerial parts by hydrodistillation of Turkish Tanacetum aucheranum and Tanacetum chiliophyllum var. chiliophyllum were analyzed by GC–MS. The oils contain similar major components. The major components of T. aucheranum oil were 1,8-cineole (23.8%), camphor (11.6%), terpinen-4-ol (7.2%), α-terpineol (6.5%), borneol (3.8%), (E)-thujone (3.2%), epi-α-cadinol (3.1%), and artemisia ketone (3.0%). Camphor (17.9%), 1,8-cineole (16.6%) and borneol (15.4%) were found to be predominant constituents in the oil of T. chiliophyllum. It is interesting to find that ester derivatives of dihydro-α-cyclogeranic acid (2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexylcarboxylate), dihydro-α-cyclogeranyl hexanoate (10.1%), dihydro-α-cyclogeranyl pentanoate (3.0%), dihydro-α-cyclogeranyl butanoate (2.1%) and dihydro-α-cyclogeranyl propionate (1.2%) are firstly found as chemotaxonomically important components in T. chiliophyllum oil. From these, dihydro-α-cyclogeranyl hexanoate was isolated on silica gel column chromatography and its structure was confirmed by spectroscopic methods. This is the first report on the occurrence of ester derivatives of dihydro-α-cyclogeranic acid in essential oils of Tanacetum species. The oils were also characterized to have relatively high amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes. Results of the antifungal testing by microbial growth inhibition assays showed that the oils completely inhibit the growth of 30 phytopathogenic fungi. However, their growth inhibition effects were lower than commercial benomyl. The oils tested for antibacterial activity against 33 bacterial strains showed a considerable antibacterial activity over a wide spectrum. Herbicidal effects of the oils on seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Rumex crispus were also determined and the oils completely inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of the plants.     

Essential oil composition of nine Apiaceae species from western United States that attract the female Indra Swallowtail butterfly (Papilio indra)

Aletes acaulis, Cymopterus hendersonii, Cymopterus panamintensis var. acutifolius, Lomatium rigidum, Lomatium scabrum var. tripinnatum, Musineon tenuifolium, Sphenosciadium capitellatum, Tauschia arguta and Tauschia parishii are among the twenty-two species of the Apiaceae family to which female Indra Swallowtail butterflies (Papilio indra: Lepidoptera) are attracted for oviposition. Because plant volatile oils are known to be attractants for female butterflies, the percent composition of the essential oils of each species was studied. Amongst the nine host plants 168 essential oil components were identified representing between 84% and 99% of the oils. Principal Components Analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis on the essential oil compositions of the larval host plants against four non-larval host plants separated the hosts from the non-hosts into distinct clusters. Volatile components of the oils common to the nine species of Apiaceae are correlated with the expression of physiological attraction behavior by the butterfly.     

The effects of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) on development of two mycorrhizal fungi

Hundreds of aromatic plant species are growing naturally around Mediterranean. Plant essential oils are incorporated in aromatic plant material and follow the litter fall. During litter degradation, the presence of essential oils can affect soil microorganisms. Mycorrhizal fungi have never been investigated so far under the presence of volatile oils. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of aromatic Laurus nobilis L. on development of two mycorrhizal species Glomus deserticola and Glomus intraradices. The response of fungi colonization and host growth were monitored under different concentrations of L. nobilis leaves and essential oil. The major compounds of L. nobilis essential oil were 1,8-cineole (49.6%), sabinene (7.8%), ??-pinene (6.0%), eugenole (5.6%), ??-terpinyl acetate (5.2%) and ??-pinene (5.1%). Both mycorrhizal fungi colonized successfully the host plants whose growth was positively influenced by mycorrhizal fungi. G. deserticola presented higher infection level than G. intraradices. The addition of L. nobilis leaves in the soil resulted in mycorrhiza inhibition. The level of inhibition was positively correlated with the added amount of aromatic leaves in the soil. The essential oil presented a little higher inhibition than the leaves. The presence of this aromatic plant in many different ecosystems could contribute in mycorrhiza inhibition and it is suggested, when it’s possible, reduction of laurel litter before reforestation programs.     

Comparative analysis of volatiles from Drimys brasiliensis Miers and D. angustifolia Miers (Winteraceae) from Southern Brazil

The essential oils obtained from Southern Brazilian native Drimys brasiliensis Miers and Drimys angustifolia Miers were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oils from leaves of both species showed predominance of monoterpenoids, while the oils from stem barks were characterized by sesquiterpenoids. Bicyclogermacrene (20.0% in leaves and 25.4% in stem bark) and drimenol (1.4% in leaves and 26.2% in stem bark) were the most abundant in D. angustifolia, and cyclocolorenone (from 16.0% to 32.3% in fresh and dried leaves and almost 50% in stem bark) in D. brasiliensis. The oil from fruits of D. brasiliensis was also analyzed and presented 31.0% of cyclocolorenone. The predominance of this unusual aromadendrane-type sesquiterpene in D. brasiliensis essential oils could be used as a chemosystematic marker.     

The inflorescence and leaf essential oils of Tanacetum vulgare L. var. vulgare growing wild in Lithuania

Forty samples of inflorescences and leaves of wild Tanacetum vulgare L. var. vulgare were collected in 20 habitats from Lithuania. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The 57 identified compounds in the oils made up 80.7–99.6%. According to the cluster analysis the volatile oils were divided into four groups with 1,8-cineole (23.6–46.3%, 11 oils), trans-thujone (35.7–78.4%, 6 samples), camphor (19.8–61.8%, 17 oils) and myrtenol (13.1–24.9%, 6 samples) as main constituents. The inflorescences and leaves of tansy plants formed the oils with the same dominating constituent in 15 of the 20 habitats investigated. The leaves in five localities produced oils of the 1,8-cineole chemotype, while the inflorescences biosynthesized oils of the camphor type in three habitats and of the myrtenol type in two habitats. Amounts of the 1,8-cineole in all leaf oils were greater than that in inflorescence oils of the plants from the same locality. An opposite correlation was determined for camphor, myrtenol, cis- and trans-thujone. The myrtenol chemotype was not noticed earlier in the essential oils of T. vulgare.     

Analyses of the volatile leaf oils of Juniperus deppeana and its infraspecific taxa: Chemosystematic implications

Eight OTUs of Juniperus deppeana were collected and their volatile leaf oils analysed by GC/GCMS. The volatile oils are dominated by oxygenated terpenes such as camphor, linalool, cis-verbenol, 4-terpineol, verbenone, borneol and trans-sabinene hydrate. The major monoterpene found was α-pinene. Sesquiterpenoids were minor components of the volatile leaf oils. The six named taxa were only distinguished by combinations of terpenoid characters. The differentiation of the Arizona J. deppeana (var. pachyphlaea ?) and J.d. forma sperryi from the other taxa in Mexico was the major subdivision found. Juniperus deppeana forma sperryi was clearly distinguished as were J.d. var. robusta and J.d. var. patoniana.     

Antioxidant activities of the volatile oils and methanol extracts from olive stems

This study was designed to examine the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the volatile oils and methanol extracts of Olea europaea L. (cvs) chemlali and neb jmel stems. GC and GC–MS analyses of the volatile oils resulted in the identification of 38 and 35 compounds, representing 91.1 and 87.4 % of the volatile oils. Phenylethyl alcohol was found in the volatile oil of each cultivar, which was also the major volatile component of cv. chemlali and cv. neb jmel stems. Besides benzyl alcohol, methyl salicylate and 3-ethenylpyridine were the main volatile compounds of cv. chemlali, while nonanal, 3-ethenylpyridine and benzyl alcohol of cv. neb jmel stems were also the main constituents. Significant differences were also found in total tannin contents among two cultivars, representing 8.10 mg CEQ/g DW in cv. chemlali and 20.47 mg CEQ/g DW in cv. neb jmel. The highest contents of total phenols and o-diphenols were observed in stems extracts of cv. neb jmel (78.26, and 9.56 mg/100 g, respectively). The HPLC profiles for methanol extracts from stems of cv. chemlali and cv. neb jmel showed that oleuropein, vanillic acid and gallic acid were the predominant free phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activities of the volatile oils and the methanolic extract from stems parts were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical-scavenging activity assays. In all tests, methanolic extracts obtained from stems parts showed better antioxidant activity than volatile oils. Principal components analysis of the phenolics content and antioxidant activities showed discrimination between methanol extracts of the two cultivars.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus essential oils alone and in combination

As part of ongoing research on the chemical composition and the antimicrobial properties of Burkinabe plants essential oils alone and in combination, essential oils (EOs) from leaves of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus from Burkina Faso were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Five constituents, which accounted for 96.3% of the oil, were identified in the EO of C. citratus. Geranial (48.1%), neral (34.6%) and myrcene (11.0%) were the major constituents. For C. giganteus a total of eight compounds were identified which represented 86.0% of the oils extracted. The dominant compounds were limonene (42%) and a set of monoterpene alcohols: trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol (14.2%), cis-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol (12%), trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (5.6%) and cis-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (5.2%). The EOs were tested against nine bacteria by using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. C. giganteus EO showed antimicrobial effects against all microorganisms tested whereas C. citratus EO failed to inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the two EOs was quantified by the checkerboard method. Combinations of the two EOs exerted synergistic, additive and indifferent antimicrobial effects. Results of the present investigation provide evidence that the combinations of plant EOs could be assessed for synergistic activity in order to reduce their minimum effective dose.     

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from Piper species

The larvicidal activity of essential oils of four species of Piper from the Amazon Forest was tested using third-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. The oils were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC and GC–MS. The main components isolated from each Piper species were as follows: viridiflorol (27.50%), aromadendrene (15.55%) and β-selinene (10.50%) from Piper gaudichaudianum; β-selinene (15.77%) and caryophyllene oxide (16.63%) from Piper humaytanum; dillapiol (54.70%) and myristicin (25.61%) from Piper permucronatum; and asaricin (27.37%) and myristicin (20.26%) from Piper hostmanianum. Amongst all essential oils tested, the most active against larvae of A. aegypti was the oil extracted from P. permucronatum, with a LC₅₀ = 36 μg/ml (LC₉₀ = 47 μg/ml), followed by the essential oil of P. hostmanianum, with a LC₅₀ = 54 μg/ml (LC₉₀ = 72 μg/ml). The oils with higher content of arylpropanoids were more active against larvae of A. aegypti.     

Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of seven Eucalyptus species essential oils leaves

Background

In this paper, we have studied the essential oils chemical composition of the leaves of seven Eucalyptus species developed in Tunisia. Eucalyptus leaves were picked from trees growing in different arboretums in Tunisia. Choucha and Mrifeg arboretums located in Sedjnene, region of Bizerte (Choucha: E. maideni, E. astrengens et E. cinerea; Mrifeg : E. leucoxylon), Korbous arboretums located in the region of Nabeul, North East Tunisia with sub-humid bioclimate, (E. lehmani), Souiniet-Ain Drahem arboretum located in region of Jendouba (E. sideroxylon, E. bicostata). Essential oils were individually tested against a large panel of microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6539), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212), Listeria ivanovii (RBL 30), Bacillus cereus (ATCC11778).

Results

The yield of essential oils ranged from 1.2% to 3% (w/w) for the different Eucalyptus species. All essential oils contain α-pinene, 1,8-cineol and pinocarveol-trans for all Eucalyptus species studied. The 1,8-cineol was the major compound in all species (49.07 to 83.59%). Diameter of inhibition zone of essential oils of Eucalyptus species varied from 10 to 29 mm. The largest zone of inhibition was obtained for Bacillus cereus (E. astrengens) and the lowest for Staphylococcus aureus (E. cinerea). The essential oils from E. maideni, E. astrengens, E. cinerea (arboretum of Bizerte), E. bicostata (arboretum of Aindraham) showed the highest antibacterial activity against Listeria ivanovii and Bacillus cereus.

Conclusion

The major constituents of Eucalyptus leaves essential oils are 1,8-cineol (49.07 to 83.59%) and α-pinene (1.27 to 26.35%). The essential oils from E. maideni, E. astrengens, E. cinerea, E. bicostata showed the highest antibacterial activity against Listeria ivanovii and Bacillus cereus, they may have potential applications in food and pharmaceutical products.