首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 106 毫秒
1.
如何在沙地成功造林并使其快速生长是沙地生态环境建设面临的一个重大挑战。菌根菌剂具有改善造林树种生存环境、调节植物生长的作用,但菌根菌剂对不同植物的影响有何差异,以及如何依据不同生境条件和目标施用合适的菌根菌剂尚缺乏清晰认知。本研究以科尔沁沙地3种常见造林绿化树种樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)和水蜡(Ligustrum obtusifolium)为对象,采用穴施方法按0、100、200和300 g·m-2剂量,对紫穗槐和水蜡接种内生菌根菌剂(根内根孢囊霉,Rhizophagus intraradices),对樟子松接种外生菌根菌剂(彩色豆马勃,Pisolithus tinctorius)。在幼苗生长1年后,测定菌根侵染率及生长指标。结果表明:樟子松菌根侵染率随菌剂用量增加而显著增加,在300 g·m-2处理下侵染率最高(17.8%);紫穗槐菌根侵染率随菌剂用量变化不显著;水蜡菌根侵染率随菌剂用量增加而显著减少,在100 g·m-2处理下侵...  相似文献   

2.
菌根技术在沙地植被恢复中的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
库布齐沙地植被恢复中的菌根技术研究 ,注重于因地制宜、适菌适技。对此 ,利用当地A、B两种沙壤条件并对其作加入草炭和不加入草炭条件处理 ,选用适合当地造林树种油松、樟子松进行室内模拟实验及野外实地小型造林试验 ,菌剂以单菌剂、组合菌剂方式实施。室内模拟试验结果表明 ,单菌剂对油松幼苗作用效果为 :Cr >Ra >Li>Hm。双组合菌剂Ra Li、Hm Li和Ra Cr接种的幼苗对草炭的依赖性不强。选择出Cr和Ra菌根菌剂为沙地植被恢复较为适合的菌剂。油松和樟子松两树种无论施单菌剂或双组合菌剂 ,油松幼苗长势均优于樟子松幼苗。造林试验结果表明 ,在同一块样地菌剂处理 ,三合一优于二合一菌剂组合。接种菌根菌剂幼苗地上生物量高于施入复混肥的幼苗。不同样地菌剂处理的幼苗成活率在个别菌剂组合中低于复混肥。因个别菌剂培养周期不足而致使其菌丝体与基质发酵不完全 ,而遇到造林基地干旱 ,土壤温度升高 ,导致基质仍再发酵、腐熟 ,这就使部分生长较弱的幼苗受到了伤害 ,因而幼苗成活率低。  相似文献   

3.
营养液强度对AM真菌生长发育的影响   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
研究了在贫营养基质中不同强度 Hoagland 营养液对丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,M) 真菌 Glomus versiforme 生长发育的影响。结果表明:本试验条件下,菌根侵染率、菌丝量、孢子数间呈显著正相关。在施加5%~50%强度。Hoagland 营养液时,菌根真菌的生长与宿主植物高粱根中磷浓度、可溶性糖浓度密切相关,而与氮浓度无显著相关。由此认为:在盆栽生产菌根菌剂时,基质中存在一个临界磷浓度,在这个临界浓度之下,菌根真菌的生长发育随磷浓度的提高而增长,超过该临界浓度则会随磷浓度的提高而下降。施用20%、50%强度 Hoagland 营养液对菌根真菌生长最为有利,其菌根侵染率、菌丝量、孢子数均高于其它处理,因此认为:宿主植物一菌根真菌之间共生关系的基础是营养条件,基质中养分的高低会影响互惠共生关系的建立和发展。在高质量菌剂生产中,菌根共生体双方的生长发育完全可以由人工控制。施加营养液是一种有效的调控手段,有可能使共生平衡向有利于菌根真菌生长发育的方向倾斜,使真菌得到最大程度的生长。  相似文献   

4.
接种菌根菌剂对科尔沁沙地4种造林幼苗生长特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
菌根真菌在干旱半干旱地区退化生态系统植被恢复与重建中具有重要作用。以科尔沁沙地乡土树种五角枫(Acer mono)和榆树(Ulmus pumila)及主要造林树种白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)和樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)为供试植物,通过科尔沁沙地菌根化造林试验,分析4种造林幼苗接种菌根菌剂后幼苗的菌根侵染率、形态学指标、生物量积累和分配以及根际土壤养分在一个生长季内的变化。结果表明:两种菌根菌剂能较好地侵染幼苗,接种菌根菌剂显著提高了4种幼苗的株高、基径、顶枝长和生物量;显著影响幼苗的生物量分配,接种内生菌剂的白蜡根冠比显著减小,接种外生菌剂的樟子松根冠比显著增加;相关分析表明,菌根侵染率与白蜡幼苗株高和顶枝长呈显著正相关,与樟子松幼苗输导根质量、地上生物量和总生物量呈显著正相关;接种菌根菌剂还能提高根际土壤有机质和全氮含量,改良幼苗生长基质,但差异不显著。4种造林幼苗均表现出了显著的菌根效应,提示菌根菌剂在干旱贫瘠地区造林中具有很强的应用价值。  相似文献   

5.
研究了在贫营养基质中不同强度Hoagland营养液对丛枝菌根(Arbuscularmycorrhizae,M)真菌Glomus versiforme生长发育的影响.结果表明本试验条件下,菌根侵染率、菌丝量、孢子数间呈显著正相关.在施加5%~50%强度Hoagland营养液时,菌根真菌的生长与宿主植物高粱根中磷浓度、可溶性糖浓度密切相关,而与氮浓度无显著相关.由此认为在盆栽生产菌根菌剂时,基质中存在一个临界磷浓度,在这个临界浓度之下,菌根真菌的生长发育随磷浓度的提高而增长,超过该临界浓度则会随磷浓度的提高而下降.施用20%、50%强度Hoagland营养液对菌根真菌生长最为有利,其菌根侵染率、菌丝量、孢子数均高于其它处理,因此认为宿主植物-菌根真菌之间共生关系的基础是营养条件,基质中养分的高低会影响互惠共生关系的建立和发展.在高质量菌剂生产中,菌根共生体双方的生长发育完全可以由人工控制.施加营养液是一种有效的调控手段,有可能使共生平衡向有利于菌根真菌生长发育的方向倾斜,使真菌得到最大程度的生长.  相似文献   

6.
外生菌根菌对樟子松苗木生长的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
张文泉  闫伟 《西北植物学报》2013,33(5):998-1003
以内蒙古大兴安林樟子松分布区较典型的6个乡土菌种与本实验室从法国引进的宿主范围较广的2个菌种及内蒙古地区分布广泛的土生空团菌为研究对象,采用固体和液体两种菌剂类型,对出苗30d左右的樟子松实生苗进行外生菌根菌接种试验,接种130d后观察菌根侵染情况及生长特性,同时对菌根化的樟子松苗木进行自然干旱胁迫,研究外生菌根菌接种对樟子松苗木生长及抗逆性的影响。结果显示:(1)5个乡土菌种和1个法国引进菌种均能够与樟子松实生苗共生菌根,菌根化苗木较对照的苗高增长10.5%~111.4%、地茎增长4.55%~92.8%、苗木干重增加6.8%~184.5%,且固体菌剂效果优于液体菌剂。(2)在干旱胁迫下,菌根化苗木叶绿素含量较对照增加5.82%~36.92%、净光合速率提高120.2%~217.03%,叶片推迟10.3~25h出现萎蔫,临界致死时间推迟13.8~38.2h。(3)接种菌种厚环乳牛肝菌和点柄乳牛肝菌的苗木菌根侵染率、苗木生长量、干旱胁迫下各项生理指标均显著优于其他菌种和对照。研究表明,樟子松实生苗菌根化对苗木生长有明显的促进作用,能够提高苗木对干旱胁迫的抵御能力;厚环乳牛肝菌和点柄乳牛肝菌是有潜在研究和应用价值的优良菌株,这两个菌株的固体菌剂可用于樟子松菌苗生产。  相似文献   

7.
Pt菌根菌剂对巨尾桉生长的持续效应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
探讨了Rsolithustinctorius菌剂对巨尾桉(Eucaloptusgrandis×E.urophylla)林木生长的持续影响.结果表明:Pt菌剂对树高生长的持续影响显著,对立木单株材积的持续影响极显著,而对直径生长的影响在造林前期极显著,后期不显著;菌根林造林成活率比对照林提高15.76%,保存率两者相差无几;菌根林的蓄积量持续高于对照林;菌根的投入产出比为1:10.67,经济效益显著.  相似文献   

8.
研究了在贫营养基质中不同强度Hoagland营养液对丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae, M)真菌Glomus versiforme生长发育的影响。结果表明:本试验条件下,菌根侵染率、菌丝量、孢子数间呈显著正相关。在施加5%~50%强度Hoagland营养液时, 菌根真菌的生长与宿主植物高粱根中磷浓度、可溶性糖浓度密切相关,而与氮浓度无显著相关。由此认为:在盆栽生产菌根菌剂时,基质中存在一个临界磷浓度,在这个临界浓度之下,菌根真菌的生长发育随磷浓度的提高而增长,超过该临界浓度则会随磷浓度的提高而下降。施用20%、50%强度Hoagland营养液对菌根真菌生长最为有利,其菌根侵染率、菌丝量、孢子数均高于其它处理,因此认为:宿主植物—菌根真菌之间共生关系的基础是营养条件,基质中养分的高低会影响互惠共生关系的建立和发展。在高质量菌剂生产中, 菌根共生体双方的生长发育完全可以由人工控制。施加营养液是一种有效的调控手段,有可能使共生平衡向有利于菌根真菌生长发育的方向倾斜,使真菌得到最大程度的生长。  相似文献   

9.
采用根段培养技术在无菌条件下,以红三叶草(Trifolium prattnse)为载体植物,制备了单一的地表球囊霉(Glomus epigaeum)菌根菌剂。并以此为接种体,以鄂川泡桐(Paulo-wnia albiphloea)为寄主,首次将VA菌根菌剂接种到植物组织培养的试管苗上。一个月后发生侵染,形成了丛枝和泡囊,菌根感染率为50%。植物化学分析结果表明,处理与对照相比,试管苗叶部所含的N和P元素总量有一定的提高。  相似文献   

10.
丛枝菌根真菌应用技术研究进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
陈保冬  于萌  郝志鹏  谢伟  张莘 《生态学杂志》2019,30(3):1035-1046
丛枝菌根(AM)共生体系能够改善植物营养状况,增强植物对各种逆境胁迫的耐受性,其在农业和生态环境方面的应用得到广泛关注.近年来,在AM真菌(AMF)应用技术和田间试验方面取得了许多重要成果.本文在介绍AMF种质资源库、商业化菌剂生产及相关专利申报情况的基础上,结合实例从菌剂生产、接种技术、接种效应影响因素等方面综述了AMF应用技术的理论与实践,包括国内外近年来菌根技术在农业、园艺、生态修复等方面的应用,最后提出尚待系统深入研究的 AMF应用领域中的关键科学和技术问题,旨在为菌根技术的发展和推广应用提供参考.  相似文献   

11.
外生菌根研究及应用的回顾与展望   总被引:28,自引:2,他引:26  
于富强  刘培贵 《生态学报》2002,22(12):2217-2226
简要回顾了一百多年来外生菌根研究史;综述了外生菌根资源调查。分类鉴定,生态,生理,分子生物学以及生物技术研究与应用诸方面的阶段性成果和进展,通过对外生菌根研究与应用现状的归纳与分析,就我国菌根研究与应用等方面存在的主要问题提出了以下4点建议;1,加强菌根资源的系统调查;确认对应植物属种,进行编目与建立数据库以及菌根DNA文库。2,采集与收集菌根真菌,进行分离,培养,繁育与保藏,建立菌根真菌菌种库和DNA文库,3,加强菌根技术研究,侧重研究造林树种菌根化育苗和造林的新技术,新工艺,4,改革传统的育苗与造林的方式,方法,选育对应的优良菌根真菌菌株应用于育苗造林;制定相关的政策,法规以规范和推广菌根技术。  相似文献   

12.
以落叶松人工林为研究对象,通过施N肥试验,对不同季节、不同土壤深度根系进行取样,研究了1级根外生菌根真菌侵染率和形态,及其与不同季节、土壤深度和土壤N有效性的关系.结果表明:外生菌根真菌对落叶松人工林1级根的侵染率显著受不同季节和土壤深度土壤N有效性的影响.在不同季节和土层之间,施N肥导致菌根真菌侵染率下降.与未侵染菌根真菌相比,菌根真菌侵染导致1级根形态发生明显改变,平均直径增加18.7%,平均根长缩短23.7%,比根长降低16.3%.这种根系形态变化在不同季节、不同土壤深度处理中表现明显.菌根真菌侵染改变了1级根形态,影响根系的生理生态过程.  相似文献   

13.
Debez  Ahmed  Ben Hamed  Karim  Grignon  Claude  Abdelly  Chedly 《Plant and Soil》2004,267(1-2):179-189
The growth ofEucalyptus regnans seedlings in forest soil is enhanced when it has been air-dried. In undried forest soil seedlings grow poorly and develop purple coloration in the foliage, indicating P deficiency. This paper reports the results of pot experiments designed to investigate the relationship between growth and P acquisition, ectomycorrhizal infection and age of seedlings grown in air-dried and undried soil. The effect on seedling growth of their inoculation with air-dried or undried soil or with ectomycorrhizal roots from plants growing in air-dried or undried soil was also investigated. Ectomycorrhizal root tips were detected in 3-week-oldE. regnans seedlings in both air-dried and undried soil, and from then on the frequency of ectomycorrhizal root tips increased rapidly. In air-dried soil, seedlings were fully ectomycorrhizal at 9 weeks, and the occurrence of maximum ectomycorrhizal infection coincided with enhanced P acquisition and the initiation of rapid seedling growth. In undried forest soil, seedling growth remained poor, even though the seedlings had well-developed ectomycorrhizae and the incidence of ectomycorrhizal root tips was the same as in air-dried soil. The dominant ectomycorrhizae in airdried soil were associated with an ascomycete fungus, whereas in undried, undisturbed soil they were commonly associated with basidiomycete fungi. Inoculation of sterile soil/sand mix with washed ectomycorrhizal roots from air-dried soil increased the P acquisition and growth of the seedlings significantly compared with controls, whereas ectomycorrhizal inocula from undried soil had no effect on seedling growth, although both inocula resulted in a similar incidence of ectomycorrhizal root tips. Similarly, addition of a small amount of air-dried soil into sterile soil/sand mix resulted in a significantly greater increase in the P content and dry weight of the seedlings, compared with the control, than addition of undried soil. In both treatments, the incidence of ectomycorrhial root tips was similar. As (i) the differentiation in seedling growth between air-dried and undried soil occurred after seedlings became ectomycorrhizal, (ii) the dominant ectomycorrhizae in air-dried soil were different from those in undried soil, and (iii) inocula from air-dried soil, but not from undried soil, stimulated seedling growth in sterile soil/sand mix, it is concluded that development of particular ectomycorrhizae may be involved in seedling growth stimulation and enhanced P acquisition associated with air drying of forest soil.  相似文献   

14.
This study investigated broad patterns in communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi from three Florida habitats (sandhills, scrub, and pine rocklands) and the ability of spore bank fungi to associate with Pinus elliottii (slash pine) and Pinus densa (south Florida slash pine). Efforts to replant pines in the endangered pine rocklands are vital to the persistence of this habitat, yet little is known about the ectomycorrhizal fungi communities or how they may differ from those in other pine-dominated habitats in Florida. We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS) to assess baseline fungal communities and greenhouse bioassays to bait ectomycorrhizal fungi using seedlings. HTS soil data recovered 188 ectomycorrhizal species but only a few subsequently colonized the bioassay seedlings. We recovered 21 ectomycorrhizal species on pine seedlings including common spore bank fungi such as Cenococcum, Suillus, and Tuber, but Rhizopogon species were dominant across all sites and habitats. Habitat type and site were significant variables influencing the community composition of the total soil fungal community, soil ectomycorrhizal community, and the fungi found on seedling root tips. However, we found no significant differences between the ectomycorrhizal communities on seedling roots from the two Pinus species.  相似文献   

15.
Ergosterol, a membrane sterol found in fungi but not in plants, was used to estimate live mycelial biomass in ectomycorrhizae. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds were sown in April 1993 and grown with standard nursery culture practices. Correlations between total seedling ergosterol and visual assessment of mycorrhizal colonization were high during July and August but low as ectomycorrhizal development continued into the growing season. Percentages of mycelial dry weight over lateral roots decreased from 9% in July to 2.5% in November because seedling lateral root dry weight accumulated faster than mycelial dry weight. Total ergosterol per seedling increased from July through February. As lateral root dry weight ceased to increase during winter months, ectomycorrhizal mycelia became the major carbohydrate sink of pine seedlings. No distinctive seasonal pattern of soil ergosterol content was observed. The impact of ectomycorrhizal fungi on plant carbohydrate source-sink dynamics can be quantitatively estimated with ergosterol analysis but not with conventional visual determination.  相似文献   

16.
Extensive tree mortality in forests can change the community composition of soil fungi altering seedling establishment, a process critical to forest restoration. Disturbances that result in the loss of ectomycorrhizal fungi, in particular, may impede the establishment of tree species reliant on these symbionts for their survival. Inoculation of seedlings with soil from intact forests may improve the establishment of seedlings in such disturbances but the method has rarely been tested in the field. Here, we assess whether soil inoculation improves lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) seedling performance in conspecific stands with high levels of tree mortality caused by a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak and whether underlying soil type modifies inoculation effects. We first inoculated seedlings in a growth chamber with small amounts of soils (5% volume) originating from either intact (<10%) or “beetle-killed” (>70% pine basal area killed) conspecific stands or added no soil inoculum and, after 4 months, transplanted them into 15 beetle-killed stands. After two growing seasons, root-associated fungal communities of seedlings receiving inoculum from intact stands differed in composition from those receiving inoculum from beetle-killed stands or no inoculum. However, inoculation had no effect on seedling survival, height, or biomass. Site properties, including soil texture and the resident fungal community composition, overwhelmed the effect of soil inoculation on seedling performance. Seedling survival and shoot mass was higher in sandy than loamy soils. Restoration to improve seedling performance in beetle-killed stands should consider stand-level treatments as soil inoculation at the level evaluated was ineffective.  相似文献   

17.
Plant roots select non‐random communities of fungi and bacteria from the surrounding soil that have effects on their health and growth, but we know little about the factors influencing their composition. We profiled bacterial microbiomes associated with individual ectomycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris roots colonized by different fungi and analyzed differences in microbiome structure related to soils from distinct podzol horizons and effects of short‐term additions of N, a growth‐limiting nutrient commonly applied as a fertilizer, but known to influence patterns of carbon allocation to roots. Ectomycorrhizal roots growing in soil from different horizons harboured distinct bacterial communities. The fungi colonizing individual roots had a strong effect on the associated bacterial communities. Even closely related species within the same ectomycorrhizal genus had distinct bacterial microbiomes in unfertilized soil, but fertilization removed this specificity. Effects of N were rapid and context dependent, being influenced by both soil type and the particular ectomycorrhizal fungi involved. Fungal community composition changed in soil from all horizons, but bacteria only responded strongly to N in soil from the B horizon where community structure was different and bacterial diversity was significantly reduced, possibly reflecting changed carbon allocation patterns.  相似文献   

18.
  • 1 Weevil larvae of the genus Otiorhynchus are a serious problem in agriculture and forestry, causing damage to a wide range of plant species, primarily by larval feeding on roots. Otiorhynchus larvae are a serious pest in forest plantations in Iceland, causing 10–20% mortality of newly‐planted seedlings.
  • 2 We studied the effects of soil fungi on the survival of Otiorhynchus sulcatus larvae. The larvae were introduced into pots with birch seedlings grown in: (i) nursery peat; (ii) nursery peat inoculated with three different species of ectomycorrhizal fungi; (iii) nursery peat inoculated with insect pathogenic fungi; (iv) nursery peat inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi and insect pathogenic fungi; and (v) nursery peat inoculated with natural forest soil from Icelandic birch woodland.
  • 3 Larval survival was negatively affected by inoculation of: (i) the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata; (ii) the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophylum; (iii) the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae; and (iv) forest soil. Inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Phialophora finlandia did not have any significant effect on larval survival. No significant synergistic effect was found between insect pathogenic and ectomycorrhizal fungi.
  • 4 It is concluded that ectomycorrhizal and insect pathogenic fungi have a significant potential in biological control of Otiorhynchus larvae in afforestation areas in Iceland. Further studies are needed to establish the effect of these fungi in the field and to analyse how mycorrhizal fungi affect root‐feeding larvae.
  相似文献   

19.
The ectomycorrhizal fungi Gautieria monticola and Hysterangium setchellii both form dense hyphal mats in coniferous forest soils of the Pacific Northwest. We recently observed that all Douglas-fir seedlings found under the canopy of a maturing 60–75 year stand were associated with mats formed by ectomycorrhizal fungi. The significance of these mat communities in relation to seedling establishment and survival is discussed.  相似文献   

20.
Niche differentiation in soil horizons, host species and natural nutrient gradients contribute to the high diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in boreal forests. This study aims at documenting the diversity and community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi of Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) and silver birch ( Betula pendula ) seedlings in five most abundant microsites in three Estonian old-growth forests. Undisturbed forest floor, windthrow mounds and pits harboured more species than brown- and white-rotted wood. Several species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were differentially represented on either hosts, microsites and sites. Generally, the most frequent species in dead wood were also common in forest floor soil. Ordination analyses suggested that decay type determined the composition of EcM fungal community in dead wood. Root connections with in-growing mature tree roots from below affected the occurrence of certain fungal species on seedling roots systems in dead wood. This study demonstrates that ectomycorrhizal fungi differentially establish in certain forest microsites that is attributable to their dispersal and competitive abilities. Elevated microsites, especially decayed wood, act as seed beds for both ectomycorrhizal forest trees and fungi, thus affecting the succession of boreal forest ecosystems.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号