连翘提取物和连翘挥发油对酵母致热大鼠的解热机制研究

对比观察连翘提取物和连翘挥发油对酵母菌所致发热大鼠的解热效应和机制。酵母菌皮下注射复制大鼠发热模型。测基础体温后,随机分为空白组、模型组、连翘提取物组(25生药g/kg)和连翘挥发油组(26.7生药g/kg)四组,动态观察给药后大鼠2 h体温和下丘脑c AMP和PGE2含量。结果表明连翘提取物和连翘挥发油均可显著降低酵母致热大鼠的体温(P0.01或P0.05),能显著降低下丘脑中c AMP(P0.05)含量;另外连翘提取物能显著降低下丘脑中PGE2(P0.05)含量。连翘提取物有下调下丘脑中c AMP、PGE2作用,连翘挥发油通过下调下丘脑c AMP发挥解热作用,可用于临床发热的对症治疗。     

丁香酚对致热家兔弓状核及PO/AH区脑组织中PGE2和cAMP含量的影响

丁香酚是中药丁香油中的主要作用成份,它具有多种复杂的药理作用,尤其在解热降温方面有显著作用.本研究室以往的电生理实验观察到,丁香酚可反转致热原作用下的PO/AH(视前区-下丘脑前部)温度敏感神经元的放电活动,说明丁香酚的解热作用是通过直接或间接地影响PO/AH神经元的放电活动而实现的.近年来,弓状核在体温调节方面的作用倍受观注.本研究室多年的研究表明,弓状核积极地参与了体温调节活动,因为毁损弓状核后大鼠体温发生明显紊乱.本实验对PO/AH与弓状核在体温调节中的作用进行比较性研究,同时观察家兔发热以及丁香酚解热时在家兔弓状核及PO/AH中PGE2和cAMP含量的变化.     

纳洛酮对发热大鼠下丘脑中cAMP和腹中膈区AVP含量的影响

目的：研究纳洛酮对白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）致热大鼠发热反应的影响及机制。方法：经大鼠侧脑室微量注射IL-1β建立发热模型,观察纳洛酮对发热大鼠体温的影响,并测定下丘脑中环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）和腹中膈区精氨酸加压素（AVP）含量。结果：纳洛酮减弱了IL-1β致热效应,同时下丘脑中cAMP和腹中膈区AVP含量也相应减少（P〈0．01）。结论：纳洛酮能够抑制大鼠IL-1β性发热,其机制可能是抑制下丘脑中cAMP的合成,并且促进腹中膈区AVP的释放。     

响应面法优选知母须根总黄酮提取工艺及其解热作用研究北大核心CSCD

为了研究知母须根总黄酮(TF)最佳超声提取工艺及其解热作用。在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面法研究乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取次数、料液比等四个因素对总黄酮提取量的影响,根据拟合的数学模型确定最佳提取工艺。以干酵母致热大鼠为动物模型,通过测定大鼠血清中TNF-α、PGE-2、IL-6、AVP的含量研究其解热作用。知母须根总黄酮最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度为70%,提取时间40 min,液料比为50 m L/g,提取次数2次。解热实验表明知母须根总黄酮提取物可显著降低发热大鼠模型体温及血清、下丘脑中TNF-α、PGE-2、IL-6的含量,升高发热大鼠模型血清及下丘脑中AVP的含量。本研究表明知母须根总黄酮具有一定的解热作用,本文可为知母须根开发利用提供参考依据。     

响应面法优选知母须根总黄酮提取工艺及其解热作用研究

为了研究知母须根总黄酮(TF)最佳超声提取工艺及其解热作用。在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面法研究乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取次数、料液比等四个因素对总黄酮提取量的影响,根据拟合的数学模型确定最佳提取工艺。以干酵母致热大鼠为动物模型,通过测定大鼠血清中TNF-α、PGE-2、IL-6、AVP的含量研究其解热作用。知母须根总黄酮最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度为70%,提取时间40 min,液料比为50 m L/g,提取次数2次。解热实验表明知母须根总黄酮提取物可显著降低发热大鼠模型体温及血清、下丘脑中TNF-α、PGE-2、IL-6的含量,升高发热大鼠模型血清及下丘脑中AVP的含量。本研究表明知母须根总黄酮具有一定的解热作用,本文可为知母须根开发利用提供参考依据。     

蛙皮素对大鼠IFN性发热反应及脑内AVP含量的影响

目的:研究蛙皮素(BN)能否拮抗大鼠干扰素(IFN)性发热反应及其可能机制的探讨.方法:建立大鼠IFN-α性发热模型,观察侧脑室注射BN对大鼠IFN-α性发热反应及下丘脑、脑腹中隔区(VSA)精氨酸加压素(AVP)含量的影响.结果:①侧脑室注射IFN-α(每只2、5、8×104U)引起剂量依赖性体温升高,同时测得VSA中AVP含量明显增加(P<0.05),下丘脑AVP含量无明显变化(P>0.05).②侧脑室注射BN(每只0.1、0.5 μg),引起剂量依赖性体温降低(P<0.01),同时测得VSA中AVP含量增加( P<0.05),下丘脑AVP含量无明显变化(P>0.05).③侧脑室注射IFN-α(每只5×104U)30 min后,侧脑室注射BN(每只0.5 μg),BN能逆转大鼠发热反应(P<0.05),并于150 min时,大鼠体温恢复到对照组水平,同时测得VSA中AVP含量与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:内生性AVP可能参与了IFN-α性发热反应的调节;BN降正常体温及解热作用可能通过AVP介导完成的.     

间断电针对家兔发热效应的抑制作用及其与脑脊液中cAMP和PGE_1含量变化的关系

本实验以14只家兔发热前后脑脊液中cAMP和PGE_1含量的变化,作为对照组;在17只家兔上观察了间断电针对发热效应的抑制作用及其与脑脊液中cAMP和PGE,含量的变化关系。实验结果如下:(1) 静脉注射内生致热原(EP)后1.5h动物体温上升达高峰,同时脑脊液中cAMP和PGE_1含量也明显增加。(2) 间断电针能明显抑制EP性发热效应,同时也阻止了脑脊液中cAMP和PGE_1含量的升高。间断电针组的体温反应高峰、体温反应指数和脑脊液中cAMP、PGE_1含量与给EP后同时间对照组比较显著降低。     

PEMT2过表达增强大鼠肝癌细胞cAMP的表达

目的：在大鼠肝癌细胞株CBRH-7919中研究磷脂酰乙醇胺-N-甲基转移酶2（PEMT2）过表达对cAMP表达量的影响。方法：利用基因转染技术建立PEMT2过表达的大鼠肝癌细胞株,用免疫细胞化学法观察cAMP的表达情况,用[^3H]-cAMP掺入法测定cAMP的含量,用流式细胞术分析细胞周期的变化,并与原代培养大鼠肝细胞比较。结果：cAMP在原代培养的肝细胞中表达较高,在肝癌细胞中含量均较低,PEMT2高表达可明显提高肝癌细胞内cAMP的含量。结论：PEMT2表达抑制肝癌细胞的生长可能与cAMP介导的信号转导通路加强有关。     

吗啡降低大鼠脊髓内cAMP的含量

有资料表明,吗啡或脑啡肽可影响脑内 cAMP 与 cGMP 的含量,但对脊髓内 cAMP 与cGMP 的含量有何影响,未见报道。本实验采用放射免疫分析(RIA)方法研究的结果表明,吗啡可使大鼠离体与在体脊髓内 cAMP 的含量明显降低;而对脊髓内 cGMP 的含量则无明显影响;纳洛酮可特异阻断吗啡对脊髓内 cAMP 含量的抑制效应。提示:吗啡的上述作用是通过大鼠脊髓内阿片受体所介导。脑和脊髓内 cAMP 含量的变化可能部分介导了吗啡作用的中枢机制。     

家兔发热时脑脊液和血浆中精氨酸加压素含量的变化及禁水的抗热作用

本实验观察了发热家兔脑脊液(CSF)和血浆中精氨酸加压素(AVP)含量的变化及禁水对家兔内毒素(ET)发热效应的影响。实验结果表明:1.隔区注射AVP可明显抑制家兔ET性发热效应;2.发热组家兔CSF和血浆中AVP含量较正常组明显降低;3.禁水可明显对抗家兔ET性发热效应,其抗热作用与CSF和血浆中AVP含量升高有关;4.禁水也可使正常家兔体温水平下移。上述实验结果提示,AVP可能是家兔体内一种内源性退热物质,同时在正常体温调节中也可能发挥一定的作用。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.