西藏块菌属的分类研究

首次报实于西藏的块菌属３种,包括２个新种和１个新记录种。新种是刘氏块菌Ｔｕｂｅｒ ｌｉｕｉＡ．ＳＸｕ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ和西藏块菌Ｔｕｂｅｒ ｘｉｚａｎｇｅｎｓｅ Ａ．ＳＸｕ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,新记录种是少孢块菌Ｔｕｂｅｒ ｏｌｉｇｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍ（Ｔｕｌ．＆ Ｃ．Ｔｕｌ）Ｔｒａｐｐｅ。标本全部保存于西藏庙的生态研究所标本室（ＪＸＡＥ）     

辽西义县组长节锯蜂科(昆虫纲,膜翅目)昆虫化石

描述产自辽宁西部北票上园地区和凌源大王杖子义县组长节锯蜂科（Ｘｙｅｌｉｄａｅ）巨长节锯蜂亚科（Ｍａｃｒｏｘｙｅｌｉｎａｅ）昆虫化石１２种,归于４族８属,其中６新属１２新种,包括Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｒｏｂｕｓｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｅｘｃｕｌｐｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｓｕｓｐｅｃｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ａｎｇａｒｉｄｙｅｌａ ｅｎｄｅｍｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏ     

西藏林芝真蚋亚属三新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文记述西藏林芝真蚋亚属Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ三种：凸端真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｃｏｎｃａｖｕｓｔｙｌｕｍｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、林芝真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｌｉｎｇｚｉｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、裂缘真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｓｃｈｉｚｏｌｏｍｕｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ 。     

小煤炱属新种和国内新记录种II.

报道了中国小煤炱属１个新种和１１个国内新记录种。新种是白榄小煤炱Ｍｅｌｉｏｌａ ｃａｎａｒｉｉａｌｂｉ Ｂ．Ｓｏｎｇ ｅｔ Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｈｕ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。全部标本存放在广东省微生物研究所（ＧＤＩＭ）。     

苔草属植物柄锈菌国产种的补充记载

苔草属植物柄锈菌３个新种和２个中国新记录种,它们是：寄生在点叶苔草ＣａｒｅｘｈａｎｃｏｃｋｉａｎａＭａｘｉｍ．上的点叶苔草柄锈菌（新种）Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｉａｃａｒｉｃｉｓ－ｈａｎｃｏｃｋｉａｎａｅＪ．Ｙ．Ｚｈａｎｇ＆Ｓ．Ｘ．Ｗｅｉｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,寄生在十字苔草ＣａｒｅｘｃｒｕｃｉａｔａＷａｈｌｅｎｂ．上的海南柄锈菌（新种）ＰｕｃｃｉｎｉａａｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓＪ．Ｙ．Ｚｈｕａｎｇ＆Ｓ．ＸＷｅｉｓｐ．ｎ     

小煤炱科二个新种

报道了中国小煤炱科Ｍｅｌｉｏｌａｃｅａｅ２个新种,它们是南蛇藤双孢炱ＡｍａｚｏｎｉａｃｅｌａｓｔｒｉＹ．Ｘ．ＨｕｅｔＢ．Ｓｏｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,和乌桕生小煤炱ＭｅｌｉｏｌａｓｑｐｉｉｃｏｌａＹ．Ｘ．ＨｕｅｔＢ．Ｓｏｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ模式杯本存在广东省微生物研究所（ＧＤＩＭ）。     

梵净山常足螯蜂属三新种（膜翅目：螯蜂科：常足螯蜂亚科）

本文记述常足螯蜂属３新种：白脸常足螯蜂Ａｐｈｅｌｏｐｕｓ ａｌｂｉｆａｃｉａｌｉｓ Ｘｕ ｅｔ Ｈｅ,ＳＰ．ｎｏｖ。褐唇常足螯蜂Ａｐｈｅｌｏｐｕｓ ｓｐａｄｉｃｅｕｓ Ｘｕ ｅｔ Ｈｅ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。和扁腹常足螯蜂Ａｐｈｅｌｏｐｕｓ ｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｕｓ Ｘｕ ｅｔ Ｙａｏ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

小煤炱属新种和国内新记录种I.

报道了中国小煤炱属ＭｅｌｏｌａＦｒ．ｅｍｅｎｄ．Ｂｒｏｎｅｔ１个新种和１７个国内新记录种,新种是蕈树小煤炱ＭｅｌｉｏｌａａｌｔｉｎｇｉａｅＢ．Ｓｏｎｇｅｔ．Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｈｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．全部标本存矿在广东省微生物研究所（ＧＤＩＭ）。     

中国西南地区叶蜂新属新：膜翅目：叶蜂科

本文记述中国西南地区叶蜂２新属１０新种：短跗富槛叶蜂Ｔｏｇａｓｈｉａｂｒｅｖｉｔａｒｓｕｓｇｅｎ．ｅｔ．ｎｏｖ．,新属新种,模类秋叶蜂Ａｐｅｔｈｙｍｏｒｈａｔｙｐｉｃａｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,新属新种,西藏弓脉叶蜂Ｈｅｍａｔｈｏｌｐｈｏｒｕｓｔｉｂｅｔａｎｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,红跗长距叶蜂Ｍｉｍａｔｈｌｏｐｈｏｒｕｓｆｕｌｖｉｔｒｓｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,平盾长距叶蜂Ｍｉｍａｔｈｌｏｐｈｏｒｕｓｐｌ     

栉眼蚤属中华栉眼蚤亚属三新种记述及对有关问题的探讨──（蚤目：多毛蚤科）

本文记述栉眼蚤属中华栉眼蚤亚属Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ（Ｓｉｎｏｃｔｅｎｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ）ＨｏｐｋｉｎｓｅｔＲｏｔｈｓｃｈｉｌｄ,１９６６的三个新种：绩溪栉眼蚤,新种Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ（Ｓ．）ｊａｒｅｉｓＬｉｅｔＺｅｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,兴安栉眼蚤,新种Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ（Ｓ．）ｘｉｎｇａｎｅｎｓｉｓＬｉｅｔＸｅｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和信宜栉眼蚤,新种Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ（Ｓ．）ｘｉｎｙｉｅｎｓｉｓＰａｎｅｔＬｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．并对其宿主关系、地理分布以及分类特征之应用进行探讨。     

Tuber latisporum sp. nov. and related taxa, based on morphology and DNA sequence data

A new species of white truffles, Tuber latisporum, is described from southwestern China. This species can be distinguished from other species in the genus by its white and pubescent ascomata, pseudoparenchymatous peridium and broadly ellipsoid ascospores with alveolate reticulum. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of this and morphologically similar species using ITS sequences demonstrated that it is significantly different from other white truffles such as T. borchii, T. puberulum, T. zhongdianense, T. liui, T. dryophilum, T. magnatum, T. rapaeodorum, T. foetidum and T. maculatum. Data from ITS sequences indicate that white and black truffles are not monophyletic lineages.     

Tests of species concepts of the small,white, European group of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tuber</Emphasis> spp. based on morphology and rDNA ITS sequences with special reference to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tuber rapaeodorum</Emphasis>

Several taxonomic problems arise in the group of small, white European truffles, probably due to the over-emphasized significance of certain morphological features of ascomata. The distinction between Tuber rapaeodorum Tul. & C. Tul. and Tuber borchii Vittad. and Tuber puberulum Berk. & Broome has not been accepted in several recent studies. Furthermore, the existence of T. rapaeodorum been questioned in some recent synopses of the genus. We conducted microscopic and ITS sequence investigations of 31 herbarium specimens. Using morphological features such as peridium structure, form and size of spores and dermatocystidia and spore numbers per ascus, we could distinguish T. borchii, T. foetidum Vittad., T. maculatum Vittad., Tuber puberulum, and T. rapaeodorum. Analysis of whole ITS sequences showed sharp differences among the morphologically separated groups. Neighbour-joining and parsimony methods produced highly supported branches and confirmed the identity of these species.     

浙北几种园林观赏植物白粉菌及其两个新种

本文列出几种浙江省未报道过的园林观赏植物白粉菌,其中包括两个新种,即寄生于云实科紫荆的紫荆白粉菌Erysiphe cercidis T.Xu sp.nov.以及寄生于八角枫科瓜木的八角枫钩丝壳Uncinula alangii T.xu sp.nov.。新种有汉文及拉丁文描述。     

昆明地区印度块菌子囊果的解剖结构研究

通过印度块菌子囊果石蜡切片的显微观察,对印度块菌子囊果包被及子实层的显微结构、子囊及子囊孢子的发育过程进行研究.结果表明:(1)印度块菌子囊果是由包被和子实层构成,子囊果的表面密被大量大小不一的疣状突起,包被由外皮层和内皮层构成;子实层由封闭的、大小不一的产孢组织构成,在产孢组织中包含有侧丝、产囊丝、子囊和子囊内的子囊孢子;(2)成熟印度块菌子囊果横切面上有明暗相间的迷宫状纹脉;(3)子囊卵形,由产囊丝顶端的细胞发育而来;(4)成熟子囊孢子红褐色,椭圆形至近球形不等,子囊孢子双层壁,外壁密布有刺状纹饰.子囊孢子在子囊内的发育过程中常出现败育现象,每个成熟子囊中含有1～5个子囊孢子(常见4个).     

中国块菌属研究概况

文献调查研究结果表明,自我国报道的块菌属(Tuber)有35个名称,其中21个具有标本引证的支持、有3个缺乏明确的标本引证、3个与国际上已有的描述存在明显差异1、个鉴定时使用的是暂定名而有待进一步查证、还有2个名称已被证明为异名、5个名称为不合格发表而不应再继续使用。作者对我国的块菌属研究概况进行了概述,并对有关种类的研究现状及其分布进行了介绍,同时也整理和修订了这些种的汉语学名。     

Selection of a set of specific primers for the identification of Tuber rufum: a truffle species with high genetic variability

Tuber rufum is a truffle widely distributed throughout Europe, which forms mycorrhizal associations with numerous species of broadleaf and coniferous trees. The possibility of T. rufum contamination in commercial truffle-infected plants makes its detection important. To facilitate the identification of T. rufum from mycorrhiza and fruitbodies, species-specific primers were designed and tested. To overcome the high intraspecific genetic variability within the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of T. rufum, as demonstrated by phylogenetic analysis, two forward primers, Ru1f and Ru2f, located on the ITS1 region were designed to be used in concert with the reverse primer ITS4. Only T. rufum was amplified with this primer combination, while DNA of Tuber magnatum, Tuber brumale, Tuber maculatum, Tuber borchii, Tuber excavatum and Tuber melanosporum was not. These primers give a specific amplicon ranging between 566 and 572 bp and are able to discriminate between T. rufum, T. borchii and T. magnatum in multiplex PCR. In addition, T. rufum-specific amplicons were obtained from both spore suspensions and mycorrhiza by direct PCR. Tuber rufum mycorrhiza obtained in the greenhouse using mycelial inoculation techniques had morphological features similar to those of other species of Tuber, stressing the importance of molecular tools for their identification.     

西藏阿蠓属两新种(双翅目:蠓科)

本文描述了发现于中国西藏的蠓科阿蠓属昆虫两新种 ,分别命名为钩茎阿蠓 (Alluadomyiarostrata)和双刺阿蠓 (A bispinula)。二新种模式标本保存于军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆。     

Molecular markers for the identification of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber borchii

Five species of white truffle were classified using PCR-based techniques. RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) fingerprints and specific pairs of primers were used. A RAPD fragment was constant in Tuber borchii Vittad. isolates and polymorphic among the other species. Two molecular markers specific for T. borchii were developed from the sequence of the non-polymorphic RAPD fragment and from regions flanking the 5'-3' ends of a truffle gene. These markers were applied in the identification of T. borchii fruit bodies, mycelia and mycorrhizas, allowing us to monitor the development of this fungus during its entire life cycle.     

Comparison between Tuber gennadii and T. oligospermum lineages reveals the existence of the new species T. cistophilum (Tuberaceae, Pezizales)

New collections of T. gennadii, T. oligospermum and T. asa (Tuberaceae, Pezizales) from the Mediterranean basin were compared on the basis of morphology and DNA sequences. Phylogenetic inference based on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the 28S nuclear large ribosomal subunit (nrLSU) indicates that T. gennadii includes at least two lineages with characteristic morphological traits. T. gennadii s. str. has small subglobose ascomata with conspicuous glebal locules that form a continuous labyrinth when mature and has a prosenchymatic peridium. T. lacunosum has medium to large, deeply lobed ascomata with small to very small isolated locules when mature and has a pseudoparenchymatic peridium. Two major clades were identified within the T. oligospermum group. On the basis of morphological, ecological and biogeographical data, these are identified with the taxa T. oligospermum (= T. asa) and T. sphaerospermum. Tuber oligospermum forms small to medium globose or subglobose, whitish ascomata, with globose to broadly ellipsoidal ascospores and is found in alkaline, sandy soils. Tuber sphaerospermum forms medium to large, irregularly globose or deeply lobed, yellowish ascomata, with regularly globose ascospores and is found in acidic soils. Finally, a new truffle species with a prosenchymatic peridium and globose to ellipsoid reticulate spores, collected in acidic argillaceous soils of Spain under Cistus ladanifer is proposed here as the new species T. cistophilum.     

曲霉及其有性型散囊菌的新分类群和新记录种

在收集和分离我国曲霉工作中,发现一个国内新纪录和三个新分类群:1.埃及曲霉,国内新记录。2.合阳曲霉新种,与爪甲曲霉相近,但颜色和具刺不育菌丝有所不同。3.温特曲霉烟色变种,与原变种的主要区别在于颜色为蓝灰色并具异常膨大的梗基。4.瘤突散囊菌新种,其子囊孢子的纹饰独特,凸面具粗疏瘤状突起。