环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶在天然产物糖基化修饰中的应用

环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶(cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase,CGTase)是一种可催化淀粉或多糖中α-1,4键断裂并环化形成环糊精(cyclodextrins,CDs)的α-淀粉酶.CGTase在工业上主要用于制造环糊精,近年来利用其转糖基作用改造天然产物的性质取得了令人瞩目的研究进展,正成...     

环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的基因改造与高效表达

环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶(CGTase,EC 2.4.1.19)是一种多功能酶,主要用于生产环糊精(CD)、糖基化碳水化合物,同时在食品行业也有重要作用。为改善CGTase在这些方面的应用性能,筛选出优势突变酶,异源表达、定点突变、固定化等技术被研究和应用,取得了实质性的进展。综述了CGTase基因高效异源表达策略,概述了基因改造CGTase的研究进展,并且还总结了用于改造CGTase的其他手段,例如固定化酶、嵌合酶、化学添加剂等,以期为在相关CGTase研究领域开展研究提供参考。     

环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的分子改造及其在合成α-熊果苷中的应用

α-熊果苷在化妆品和医药领域具有重要应用价值,但从植物组织中提取产率低,极大地限制了其应用。本研究利用戈特沙尔克厌氧分支杆菌(Anaerobranca gottschalkii)来源的环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶(cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, CGTase),以麦芽糊精为供体,对苯二酚为受体,催化合成α-熊果苷。通过定点饱和突变和定点突变筛选到突变体AgCGTase-F235G-N166H,活力是野生型的3.48倍。通过优化反应pH、温度、对苯二酚添加量,转化率在最优反应条件下达到63%。综上所述,本研究成功构建了一株能高效合成α-熊果苷并具有较高苯二酚转化率的菌株,对于降低α-熊果苷工业化的生产成本,提高产物的转化率方面具有重要的应用潜力。     

环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的结构特征与催化机理

随着环糊精在食品、医药等领域的应用越来越广,生产环糊精所必需的环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶(CGT酶)已经成为当今研究的热点。特别是近二十年来,国外对该酶进行了比较深入的研究。首先介绍了CGT酶的功能特性与结构特征。CGT酶是一种多功能型酶,能催化三种转糖基反应(歧化、环化和耦合反应)和水解反应,其中,能将淀粉转化为环糊精的环化反应是特征反应;作为α-淀粉酶家族的成员,CGT酶除了具有与α-淀粉酶相同的A、B、C结构域外,还存在D和E结构域。另外,对CGT酶的催化机理包括底物结合方式、转糖苷反应机理以及环化机理等进行了详细的讨论。     

环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶钙离子结合位点结构与功能分析

通过多重序列比对和晶体结构分析发现,钙离子结合位点CaⅠ和CaⅡ普遍存在于环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶(CGT酶)中,且两个位点处氨基酸残基具有较高的保守性,而钙离子结合位点CaⅢ仅存在于少数CGT酶中．此外,研究发现,钙离子结合位点可能与CGT酶的环化活力、热稳定性和产物特异性密切相关．     

染料木素乙酰阿魏酸酯的合成

基于Schotten-Bamann反应原理,以阿魏酸和染料木素为起始原料,首次合成得到两种新化合物:染料木素-7-乙酰阿魏酸酯(即5-羟基-3-(4-羟苯基)-4-羰基-4H-苯并吡喃-7基3-(4-乙酰基-3-甲氧苯基)丙烯酸酯,1)和染料木素-7,4′-二-乙酰阿魏酸酯(即3-{4-[3-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲氧苯基)丙烯酰氧基]苯基}-5-羟基-4-羰基-4H-苯并吡喃-7基3-(4-乙酰基-3-甲氧苯基)丙烯酸酯,2),对其进行了UV,IR,1H,13C NMR和MS结构表征.     

反相液相色谱法测定闽产千斤拔染料木苷及染料木素含量

通过反相液相色谱法建立闽产千斤拔药材染料木苷及染料木素含量的测定方法,进一步完善千斤拔药材质量评价体系。色谱条件为Atlantis T3色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速1.2 mL·min–1,柱温35 ℃,检测波长260 nm,进样量10 μL。结果表明,闽产20批千斤拔药材中染料木苷含量在0～0.119 mg·g–1之间,平均含量为0.018 mg·g–1;染料木素含量在0.065～0.17 mg·g–1之间,平均含量为0.115 mg·g–1;两成分总含量在0.039～0.281 mg·g–1之间,平均总含量为0.133 mg·g–1。福建不同产地、不同基原及来源千斤拔中染料木苷和染料木素总量没有明显差异,表明闽产千斤拔药材质量较稳定。该方法快速、可靠,对千斤拔药材的质量控制具有一定的应用价值。     

复合与合成培养基对大肠杆菌胞外生产α-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的影响

为实现来源于Paenibacillus macerans JFB05-01的α-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶（α-CGT酶）的高效胞外表达,以含分泌型信号肽OmpA的大肠杆菌E.coli BL21（DE3）{pET-20b（+）/α-cgt}为研究对象,比较了其在不同诱导条件下复合与合成培养基中生长产酶的规律。结果表明在添加甘氨酸的条件下采用合成培养基,以0.8 g/L/h的乳糖进行流加诱导所得的胞外酶活和生产强度最高。在该条件下发酵30小时后胞外α-CGT酶的环化活性达113.0U/ml（水解活性为79 100.0IU/ml）,是复合培养基胞外产酶的2.3倍,完全满足工业化生产的需求。     

新型染料木素磺酸酯的合成及对小鼠血吸虫病肝肉芽肿的影响

为寻找抗血吸虫病的新候选化合物,通过正交实验,高选择性、高产率地合成了染料木素的磺酸酯衍生物。结果表明:小鼠感染血吸虫病,经过衍生物治疗后,由血吸虫导致的肉芽肿面积有不同程度的降低,其中低剂量组降低到23.2%,与溶剂组比较,差异显著(P<0.05),优于原药的27.1%及阳性对照组秋水仙碱的27.0%。说明该化合物对血吸虫导致的肉芽肿有一定抑制作用,该化合物有进一步研究价值。     

一种简易的利用Pfu_DNA聚合酶进行反向长距离PCR获得定点突变的方法

Site-specific mutagenesis has been widely used in molecular biology and biochemistry. The authors have developed a simple and easy method for site-specific mutagenesis of any genes on plasmids using long distance inverse PCR in the presence of Pfu-DNA polymerase. The efficiency of this method is higher than 90% and the entire procedure can be performed just in one tube. No subcloning is needed. This method is especially useful for obtaining mutant genes on large plasmids such as Ti plasmids used for plant transformation.     

易于基因产物加工和快速纯化的融合表达载体

从Protein A基因酶切分离出编码完整的结合IgG的B、C区域(PABC)的相应DNA片段,克隆进噬菌体M1乳通过人工合成寡聚核苷酸引物,突变修饰B、C区域内分别含有的羟胺裂解位点,变As-Gly为Asn—A1a。利用突变修饰后的PBACm编码基因片段,构建了一组含有不同阅读框架的融合蛋白表达载体。进一步分别重组克隆了含人工合成的人胰岛索样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF—Ⅰ)、人和牛生长激素释放因子(GRF)等基因的表达质粒,在大肠杆菌中高效表达出PABC—IGF—l、PABC—hGRF、PABC-bGRF及其衍生型融合蛋白。经SDS—PAGE测定分析,每立升摇瓶的融合蛋白产量可达100mg以上。上述高效表达的PABC融合蛋白,通过固相亲和层析柱一步分离．获得SDS—PAGE鉴定为近均一分子量纯化的PABC融合表达产物。     

IL-1ra突变体的构建、表达及初步的药代动力学分析

白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂(Interleukin1 receptor antagonist,IL-1ra)是IL-1家族的一员,由于它可以特异性地抑制IL-1的生物学效应,因此在类风湿性关节炎(Rheumatoid Arthritis,RA)的治疗中倍受重视。为了提高IL-1ra的代谢稳定性,利用Ala代替其序列中的双碱性氨基酸,构建了3个突变体,分别为IL-1ra-1(R6K7-AA),IL-1ra-2(R93K94-AA),IL-1ra-3(K97R98-AA);将突变后的序列插入表达载体pTIG-Trx,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3);利用Ni2 金属螯合层析,SephadexG75凝胶过滤纯化表达产物;体外活性检测的结果表明,3个突变体的生物学活性与IL-1ra相比没有显著性差别(P=0·2248);初步的药代动力学分析结果显示:3号突变体IL-1ra-3的半衰期与IL-1ra相比提高了2·26倍。     

Influence of site-directed mutagenesis on protein assembly and solubility of tadpole H-chain ferritin

In order to understand the influence of ferroxidase center on the protein assembly and solubility of tadpole ferritin, three mutant plasmids, pTH58K, pTH61G, and pTHKG were constructed with the aid of site-directed mutagenesis and mutant proteins were produced inEscherichia coli. Mutant ferritin H-subunits produced by the cells carrying plasmids pTH58K and pTHKG were active soluble proteins, whereas the mutant obtained from the plasmid pTH61G was soluble only under osmotic stress in the presence of sorbitol and betaine. Especially, the cells carrying pTH61G together with the plasmid pGroESL harboring the molecular chaperone genes produced soluble ferritin. The mutant ferritin H-subunits were all assembled into ferritin-like holoproteins. These mutant ferritins were capable of forming stable iron cores, which means the mutants are able to accumulate iron with such modified ferroxidase sites. Further functional analysis was also made on the individual amino acid residues of ferroxidase center.     

RecA-Mediated,Targeted Mutagenesis in Zebrafish

We have evaluated the efficacy of RecA, a prokaryotic protein involved with homologous recombination, to direct site-specific mutagenesis in zebrafish embryos. For this we coinjected a vector containing a mutated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene plus 236-nucleotide corrective single-stranded DNAs coated with RecA into 1-cell zebrafish embryos. Twenty-hours after fertilization, about 5% to 20% of injected embryos showed EGFP expression in 1 or more cells when RecA-coated corrective DNAs were used, but not when RecA was omitted. Mutated EGFP genes with 1-bp insertions or deletions were inefficiently activated, whereas those with 7-bp insertions were activated about 4-fold more efficiently. RecA-coated template strand had a higher efficiency than its complementary strand in activation of EGFP expression. Prior irradiation of the embryos with UV light enhanced RecA-mediated restoration of gene activity, suggesting that the effects we observed were augmented by one or more factors of zebrafish DNA repair systems. Current address (Ying Yang): First Hospital of Beijing University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China. Current address (Christopher D. Kaufman): Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert Rössle Strasse 10, D-13092 Berlin, Germany. Current address (Perry B. Hackett): Discovery Genomics, Inc. 614 McKinley Pl. NE Minneapolis, MN 55413