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1.
种子感光的机理及影响种子感光性的因素   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
种子的萌发或休眠均取决于萌发时种子内所建立起来的Pfr含量和Pfr/(Pr Pfr)比值。种子内的Pfr水平受到诸多因素的影响。光中性种子在成熟时已存在适合萌发的Pfr水平;需光种子在不同程度地接受白光或红光照射后,方可达到适宜的Pfr水平;忌光种子萌发要求的Pfr水平较低,因此萌发需要较长时间的黑暗。种子的感光性不是绝对的,母株的生长条件、种子本身的成熟度、贮藏状况、光质、光流量、光周期、萌发温度、O2供应及某些化合物的处理等都可使种子的感光性发生改变。  相似文献   

2.
野榆钱菠菜(Atriplex aucheri)的种子多型性及生态型   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
对野榆钱菠菜的花、果实及种子进行了观察,表明野榆钱菠菜具有1种雄花、2种雌花,却产生3种果实和种子。这3种种子在形状、大小、颜色、着生方式及包被其苞片的大小上均有差异。且该种植物种内的生态型在生长习性、结实率和种子类型上都存在很大的差异。  相似文献   

3.
沙葱种皮特性、种胚及种子浸提液与种子休眠的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文以沙葱休眠种子为试材,检测其种皮透水性、透气性、超微结构、种胚休眠及种子浸提液。结果表明,酸蚀种子吸水12h达饱和,吸水率是完整种子的2倍;其呼吸强度最大值是完整种子的1.36倍。酸蚀处理使种子表面结构破损,角质层脱落,种孔露出。沙葱种子离体胚接种培养后2~3d,种胚开始萌发,萌发率达85%。沙葱完整种子与粉碎种子的浸提液对白菜种子发芽率、苗高、根长均有抑制作用,且随着浓度的提高而增强。  相似文献   

4.
番茄种子及萌发过程中蛋白体超微结构的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对番茄种子蛋白体的结构,类型及萌发过程中的变化进行了详细观察,未萌发种子蛋白体周围由一单层膜包裹,内部为蛋白质基质及分布其中的内含物3部分组成,根据内含物形态和性质上的不同可分为球状晶体,拟晶体和簇晶体3种形式,根据蛋白体所含内含物的不同,将蛋白体划分为5种基本类型:(1)基质蛋白体;(2)球状晶体蛋白体;(3)拟晶体蛋白体;(4)簇晶体蛋白体;(5)复合蛋白体。萌发过程中,蛋白体逐渐降解并液泡化  相似文献   

5.
芹菜体细胞胚胎发生及干化体细胞胚的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以芹菜无菌苗为材料,在MS附加KT 0.5mg/L,ABA0.25mg/L,脯氨酸500mg/L,CH500mg/L的培养基上,采用静止与震荡交替进行的培养方式,可获得大量健壮的子叶期胚状体(体胚)。干燥可以提高贮茂后体胚的转换率,特别是在低温,高湿中缓慢干燥,并在干燥前用ABA预处理效果更好。通过干燥和不干燥体胚扫描电镜观察和电导值及脱氢酶的比较,发现干燥体胚有助于贮藏期间细胞结构及膜系统的保持  相似文献   

6.
皇后葵及香棕种子休眠机理与催芽技术探讨   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文以生产上发芽不整齐的皇后葵和香棕种子为材料,研究棕榈科植物种子的休眠机理及催芽技术。试验结果表明,皇后葵及香棕的果肉及胚乳中均含有发芽抑制物质,同一植株的种子发芽率及发芽力的差别还与种子的成熟度有关,用GA3100mg/L或NAA100mg/L浸种有利于提高发芽率。  相似文献   

7.
种子脱水耐性的成因及人工诱导   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
介绍了脱水伤害、形成种子脱水耐性的可能要素、脱水耐性的人工诱导及成功可能性的研究进展。  相似文献   

8.
四种植物种子萌发及苗期抗旱性差异的研究   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
对四种豆科植物种子萌发及苗期抗旱性作了比较研究,结果表示:种子萌发期抗旱笥强的植物其苗期抗旱性亦强。干旱引起组织脱水,植株生长受到抑制,幼苗出现衩始萎蔫时间与细胞膜受害时间一致。四种植物显示萎蔫时土壤含水量明显不同,红豆草为4.80%、羊柴2.2%、花棒1.74%、柠条1.51%.据种子相对发芽率、膜透性变化等生理指标综合评定四种植物种子萌发及苗期抗旱能力次序为:柠条>花棒>羊柴>红豆草。  相似文献   

9.
小陇山种子植物区系组成及特征的研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
毛学文  张海林  孔红 《植物研究》2003,23(4):485-491
小陇山位于秦岭的西端,地处亚热带向暖温带的过渡区域,种子植物区系组成丰富,有种子植物150科805属2400多种。100种以上的大科有菊科,蔷薇科、禾本科、蝶形花科,50-100种的有毛莨科、百合科、伞形科、莎草科、唇形科、忍冬科等,这些科属大多为温带性质。该区系地理成分复杂,具有15个种子植物属的分布类型,表明了与世界各地区植物区系的联系程度。温带分布的类型占绝对优势,由于小陇山地理位置特殊,决定了其成为多种地理成分的汇集地,区系中单种科、少种科属及古特有属相对丰富,孓遗植物和珍稀植物较多,说明了该区系的古老性。  相似文献   

10.
真菌在兰科植物种子萌发生长中的作用及相互关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文从真菌在兰科种子萌发中的应用、真菌侵染的过程、种子和根系消化真菌的途径及共生真菌的分布等方面,综述了真菌与兰科植物种子萌发及菌根关系的研究进展,讨论了该研究的有关问题及真菌在兰科种子萌发中应用的前景。  相似文献   

11.
目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。  相似文献   

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14.
国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
张龙 《昆虫知识》2011,48(4):804-810
本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...  相似文献   

15.
The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.  相似文献   

16.
The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.  相似文献   

17.
Today, serious health problems as overweight and obesity are not just constricted to the developed world, but also increase in the developing countries (Prentice 2006, Ramachandram et al. 2002). Focusing on this issue, BMI and percentage of body fat were compared in 2094 schoolchildren from two cross-sectional studies from India and Germany investigated in 2008 and 2009. The German children are in all age groups significantly taller, whereas the Indian children show higher values in BMI (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 22 kg/m2; German: around 19 kg/m2) and in the percentage of body fat (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 27%; German: around 18-20%) in most of the investigated age groups. The Indian children have significantly higher BMI between 10 and 13 (boys) respectively 14 years (girls). Indian children showed significant higher percentage of body fat between 10 and 15 years (boys) and between 8 and 16 years (girls). The difference in overweight between Indian and German children was strongest at 11 (boys) and 12 (girls) years: 70% of the Indian but 20% of the German children were classified as overweight. In countries such as India that undergo nutritional transition, a rapid increase in obesity and overweight is observed. In contrast to the industrialized countries, the risk of overweight in developing countries is associated with high socioeconomic status. Other reasons of the rapid increase of overweight in the developing countries caused by different environmental or genetic factors are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
以白术(Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.)二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶(POD)的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

19.
Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.  相似文献   

20.
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