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1.
MARIA CRISTINA LORENZI MARCO CALDI RITA CERVO 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2007,91(3):505-512
Polistes foundresses can behave as facultative social parasites when, instead of founding their own nest, they usurp colonies of the same or a different species and temporary use the host workforce to raise their own brood. Conspecific usurpation appears to be common among Polistes wasps, but nothing is known about the mechanisms that these facultative social parasites use to have themselves accepted within usurped colonies. Using behavioural tests, we studied the chemical strategies employed by females of Polistes nimphus when they behave as facultative social parasites in colonies of the same or of a different species. We hypothesized that usurpers would mark host nests with their own odours and/or acquire host nest odours in order to camouflage their real identity from host workers. Our results indicated that P. nimphus usurpers used different chemical strategies depending on host nest species: they acquired conspecific host odours but marked heterospecific host combs with their own odours. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 91 , 505–512. 相似文献
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One hundred twenty-five colonies of a population of the montane, haplometrotic, paper waspPolistes biglumis bimaculatus were marked for identification and then periodically surveyed during an entire summer period. This made it possible to record intraspecific nest usurpations (both single and multiple) and to observe associations between two females, defined here as late associations. Both usurpation and late association occurred primarily in the latter half of the preemergence period. Some evidence suggests that a foundress usurps a conspecific nest as a consequence of her own nest failure. After nest failure, usurpation and late association are the only available options for achieving reproductive success because, in the mountain habitat, the short summer does not allow for successful renesting. Late associations generally occurred earlier than usurpation. However, our evidence suggests that nest usurpation and late association may be the same phenomenon. 相似文献
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IRENE ORTOLANI RITA CERVO 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2009,96(2):399-405
Coevolutionary theories applied in the study of host–parasite systems indicate that lineages exhibit progressive trends in response to reciprocal selective pressures. Avian brood parasites have generated intense interest as models for coevolutionary processes. Similar to avian cuckoos, Polistes wasp social parasites usurp a nest and exploit the parental care of a congeneric species to rear their own brood. In the present study, we show a coevolutionary arms race in the daily activity pattern in a Polistes host–parasite pair. We measured the daily activity rate, in constant laboratory conditions, of both host and parasite females during the period in which nest usurpations occur. The parasites showed a hyperkinesis in the middle of the day. As the field observations suggested, this mid-day activity is used to perform host nest usurpation attempts. Timing the usurpations allows the parasite to maximize its usurpation attempts during daytime when the host defence is lower. A field comparison of host presence on the nest in two populations with different parasitism rates showed that populations under strong parasitic pressure exhibit timing counteradaptations to optimize nest defence. This study provides the first example of a mutual coadaptation in timing activity in a parasite–host system. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2009, 96 , 399–405. 相似文献
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《Ethology, Ecology and Evolution》2012,24(2):185-193
The technique of nest exchange was used both in the field and in the laboratory on Polistes gallicus to study the behaviour of foundresses in alien nests and the possible changes in the reproductive apparatuses of the workers emerging in the presence of foundresses other than their mother. In the field, nests built on shrubs were removed complete with their plant stems and fixed to plants where other nests had been removed. In the laboratory, foundresses were subjected to a cage exchange. Observation on foundresses at the moment of their first landing on the alien nests showed that these perform a particular behaviour, stroking the abdominal sternites on the surface of the nests and inside the cells with a probable release of secretions. Checks of the immature brood revealed a massive destruction of eggs in the alien nests. Dissection of the workers emerging in the nests in the presence of the alien foundresses indicated that the reproductive apparatus of these females was fairly developed and that most of them actually had eggs in their ovaries that were ready to be laid. These findings raise questions on the possible presence of regulatory pheromones of the queen in the colonies of Polistes and on the evolution of interspecific social parasitism in these wasps. 相似文献
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Abstract We recorded the numbers of cells, and where possible distinguished between cells containing pupating larvae and vacated cells, from 585 paper wasp nests from the northern North Island, New Zealand, plus nest site characteristics of 540 of these nests. Nests of Polistes chinensis antennalis and P. humilis developed at similar rates in early summer. P. c. antennalis nests were larger at the Post‐emergence stage than those of P. humilis, and contained more vacated cells but less capped cells. All of the P. c. antennalis nests had reached the Post‐emergence stage by February in Northland, but not in the other regions. P. c. antennalis nests in the Post‐emergence stage were larger in Northland than further south, and contained the most capped or vacated cells. Nests of both species were usually found in northern‐facing sites. Substrate did not affect nest size. Differences between the species in nest sites included greater use of manmade structures by P. c. antennalis; the use of leaves by P. humilis only; and a higher average nest site height in P. humilis. These differences in nest site selection may reduce competition between the species. 相似文献
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《Ethology, Ecology and Evolution》2012,24(3):247-255
The capacity for initial orientation in workers of Polistes dominulus has been analysed and some of the orienting factors behind the proposed navigatory mechanism identified. As in females of the same species, it has been shown that: (1) the wasp gather directional information during displacement; (2) this information is of a visual nature, and (3) consists of the vision of the apparent movement of the landscape during displacement plus a celestial compass reference; (4) for initial orientation the wasps do not seem to make use of any directional information (visual or olfactory) which could be perceived at the moment of release. 相似文献
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《Ethology, Ecology and Evolution》2012,24(3):221-233
We analysed the social and reproductive behaviours of two Polistes species, the usually monogynous P. gallicus and the potentially polygynous P. dominulus, in laboratory cages. We induced digynic associations in both species in order to investigate the proximal factors responsible for the differences in reproductive strategies and to determine which traits were involved in the change-over from the one type of nest foundation to the other in the course of evolution. In both species, an encounter between two reproductive females led to a fight ending in either the flight or the submission of one of the wasps and then, in the latter case, in the establishment of a two-females-founding nest. Encounters on a well developed nest led to violent fighting in P. gallicus, sometimes ending in death or mutilation, while joining a nest initiated by another female was possible in P. dominulus. The relationships between associated foundresses were clearly of the dominance/ subordination type in both species. Some behavioural differentiation accompanied the hierarchical organization. However, subordinate wasps of P. gallicus were able to perform both dominance behaviour and oophagy, which usually occur in the dominant individuals. This refusal of the subordinate role sometimes led to the decline of the brood, and of the colony itself. When placed in a multi-foundress situation, a monogynous species such as P. gallicus shows behaviour which is intermediate between strictly territoriality and a truly polygynous behaviour. In the normal conditions of the species life, this intermediate behaviour cannot be said to be an evolutionarily stable strategy because it is accompanied by mutual, lasting differential oophagy that results in a decrease in the production of descendants. 相似文献
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《Ethology, Ecology and Evolution》2012,24(2):141-148
The functional significance of abdominal stroking was investigated in a field study of the paper wasp, Polistes fuscatus. The experimental design consisted of approximating intraspecific usurpation by switching nestboxes containing combs between unrelated queens and comparing the behavior of these alien queens with matched, control queens in blind observations (n = 26 matched colonies). In postworker colonies, the tolerance of alien queens by workers was compared to the time an alien queen had been on the comb prior to first worker emergence. In preworker colonies, alien queens spent significantly more time stroking the comb than control queens. Both alien queens and control queens spent significantly more time stroking before workers emerged than after. Finally, workers' tolerance of alien queens was significantly positively correlated with the length of time alien queens were on the nest prior to first worker emergence. These three results are consistent with the hypothesis that abdominal stroking functions to apply the queen's recognition pheromone to the comb. 相似文献