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1.
为了解白洋淀湿地蝗虫的物种多样性及其分布情况,探究DNA条形码技术在物种鉴定方面的可行性,本研究对白洋淀湿地的蝗虫进行了采集调查。采用自行设计的cox1基因引物,本研究共扩增得到21种蝗虫的cox1序列97条,并利用构建NJ系统发育树法、计算遗传距离的ABGD法以及序列差异阈值分类的MOTU法对已得到的序列连同Gen Bank下载的10种25条cox1序列进行了比较分析。结果表明:白洋淀湿地蝗总科昆虫共有6科23属34种,包括1个新记录属,即异爪蝗属(Euchorthippus),和3个新记录种,即素色异爪蝗(E.unicolor)、柳枝负蝗(Atractomorpha psittacina)和日本稻蝗(Oxya japonica);蝗虫在白洋淀湿地主要分布在农田及其周围、堤坝及其周围以及淀边草丛;DNA条形码技术能够在种级阶元对蝗总科物种进行良好地解析,但物种鉴定时,不能完全脱离形态学方法。  相似文献   

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汉中地区三个自然保护区蝗虫种类调查   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
汉中有陕西长青国家级自然保护区、陕西洋县朱自然保护区和陕西省佛坪国家级自然保护区。经过调查,3个自然保护区共有蝗虫39种,隶属5科27属,其中锥头蝗科Pyrgomorphidae仅1属1种,斑腿蝗科Catantopidae8属16种,网翅蝗科Arcyperidae5属9种,斑翅蝗科Oedipodidae9属9种,剑角蝗科Acrididae4属4种。3个自然保护区中,斑腿蝗科物种和属的多样性较为丰富。3个自然保护区的蝗虫区系组成包括东洋区种类17种、古北区7种、两区共有种8种和秦巴山区特有种7种。秦巴山区特有种的相对数量比较多(179%),这反映出汉中自然环境的特殊性。  相似文献   

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丁方美  黄原 《昆虫学报》2008,51(1):55-60
本文的目的是通过对斑翅蝗科部分种类的线粒体ND2基因进行分析,重建斑翅蝗科昆虫的系统发育关系,并探讨分子系统发育关系和传统分类结果的异同。扩增并测定了我国斑翅蝗科10属16种蝗虫的线粒体ND2全基因1 023 bp的序列,对序列的碱基组成、转换颠换、系统发育信号等进行了分析。并基于ND2全基因序列数据,分别采用邻接法(NJ)、最简约法(MP)、最大似然法(ML)和贝叶斯法重建了10属16种蝗虫的系统发育关系。结果表明:斑翅蝗科蝗虫ND2全基因A+T含量平均为74.6%;痂蝗亚科和异痂蝗亚科没能得到区分,建议合并为一个亚科;而斑翅蝗亚科和飞蝗亚科的分类地位还存在争议。  相似文献   

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杨丽平  常会会  李杰  张智斌  黄原 《生态学报》2017,37(20):6905-6913
利用DNA复合条形码技术,研究了11个样本的蝗虫肠道共生真菌的多样性。结果显示:ITS在所研究的物种中鉴定了5门16纲29目40属2786 OTU真菌。肠道真菌群落组成分析结果显示:所有物种肠道真菌类群中含量最高的是木耳菌目和银耳目,其中斑翅蝗科的真菌类群多样性相对最高,斑腿蝗科的真菌类群多样性相对最低,表明各蝗虫肠道之间存在着明显的菌群多样性变化。α多样性分析结果显示:斑翅蝗科的共生真菌群落丰富度和多样性最高,斑腿蝗科的则最低。β多样性分析结果显示:(1)同科的各个种的肠道真菌群落结构差异性较小,不同科的种的肠道真菌群落结构差异性较大;(2)剑角蝗科的肠道真菌群落结构与其他物种的相似性均相对较低,而且在两个不同取样地得到的中华剑角蝗的真菌群落结构相似性也相对较低。聚类分析结果显示:(1)同科的蝗虫肠道真菌首先聚到一起,且群落相似性也相对较高;(2)布勒掷孢酵母属、内疣衣属和外瓶霉属3个属在蝗虫肠道真菌中是优势菌属。  相似文献   

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四种蝗虫前肠形态的比较分析(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
该文采用体视显微摄影技术对斑腿蝗科(Catantopidae)3属4种蝗虫前肠形态进行了对比分析。结果显示:所研究的3属蝗虫云秃蝗属,蹦蝗属和无翅蝗属前肠形态有一定共性;同时也可看出,云秃蝗属和蹦蝗属更相近,体现了前肠形态特征与其他分类性状呈正相关。  相似文献   

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斑腿蝗科11种蝗虫RAPD带型的变异   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
郑哲民  汪桂玲  黄原 《动物学报》2001,47(4):367-370
采用随机扩增多态性DNA (RAPD)技术研究了斑腿蝗科 8属 11种蝗虫RAPD带型的变异。在 2 3个随机引物中有 8个引物能扩增出清晰而稳定的RAPD带 ,扩增总带数为 148条。带型显示 :科内属间及属内种间多态性普遍存在。利用Nei&Li相似系数和UPGMA聚类法 ,构建斑腿蝗科不同属种的分子系统树。聚类结果显示 :属内的种各自先聚为一类 ,而 8个属间的系统树分为两大分支 ,这两个分支与这些属种的形态特征尤其是翅发达与否完全一致。第一分支的 2个属 (云秃蝗属和小蹦蝗属 )均为前翅退化型 ,第二分支的 6个属 (星翅蝗属、长夹蝗属、素木蝗属、胸斑蝗属、外斑腿蝗属、斜翅蝗属 )都是前翅发达型。  相似文献   

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蝗虫前肠形态及其分类价值的研究(直翅目:网翅蝗科)   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
用体视显微摄影技术对网翅蝗科5属5种蝗虫前肠形态结构及其分类价值进行了研究。结果显示,各属之间主要差异在ZⅡ,ZⅣ脊列数不同,ZⅡ脊上齿行数及ZⅣ是否具骨化面及骨化面形状等。同时还可看出网翅蝗科有与斑腿蝗科和斑翅蝗科相似的结构,表明它们之间具有较近的亲缘关系。  相似文献   

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斑腿蝗科精小管形态及其分类学意义探讨   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
首次对斑腿蝗科 3 5属 4 6种的精小管形态进行了度量描记 ,并应用SPSS软件对上述种类的精小管量度作了统计分析。结果表明 ,斑腿蝗科精小管形态在属内种间具有稳定性 ,在亚科级阶元具有其各自的特征 ,可作为亚科间比较的一项有用指标。其中 ,稻蝗亚科精小管较短小 ,接近于蚱总科及蝗总科癞蝗科等原始类群 ,显示其原始性 ;板胸蝗亚科较为进化并与秃蝗、裸蝗亚科具较近亲缘关系。斑腿蝗亚科各属间精小管形态变异较大 ,但以梭形至杆状为主 ,显示其较进化的特点。本文结果初步表明 :作为一个方面的分类学性状 ,蝗虫精小管形态可以作为属上高级阶元的比较特征。  相似文献   

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采用DNA测序技术测定了中国斑腿蝗科昆虫6种和斑翅蝗科的红胫小车蝗线粒体12S rRNA基因长约345 bp片段的序列。在获得的345 bp的序列中,A+T约占71.8%,其中135个核苷酸位点存在变异 (约占39.1%)。PAUP4.0b数据分析软件构建该6种蝗虫的MP和NJ分子系统树显示,稻蝗属和蔗蝗属各为独立的一支。在稻蝗属一支中,中华稻蝗与山稻蝗关系很近,而与小稻蝗关系较远,这与形态学结果相吻合;在蔗蝗属一支中,异歧蔗蝗与斑角蔗蝗亲缘关系较近,而与等歧蔗蝗关系较远,这与形态学研究结果并不吻合,有待进一步的研究。  相似文献   

10.
蝗总科昆虫雌性下生殖板及系统发育关系研究(直翅目)   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
在对蝗总科103种蝗虫雌性下生殖板进行形态学研究的基础上,对蝗总科8个科以及斑腿蝗科的稻蝗属,伪稻蝗属,拟凹背蝗属,卵翅蝗属和剑角蝗科的卡蝗属,选择导卵器正面观形态等15个性状,以蚱总科为外群确定性状的极性和状态,用Henning86V1.5软件对它们的系统发育关系进行地序分类研究。结果支持刘举鹏在1991年依蝗卵结构所提出的蝗总科分类系统,同时结果也表明蝗属,伪稻蝗属,拟凹背蝗属,卵翅蝗属和卡蝗  相似文献   

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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.  相似文献   

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Shapes of curves of pH-dependence of reactions   总被引:14,自引:14,他引:0  
A simple case is considered in which the rate of a two-step reaction depends on pH because the intermediate formed in the first step has to gain (or lose) a proton before it can react in the second step, and in which the rate-determining step therefore changes with pH. The curves of reaction rate against pH are shown to be symmetrical, and the sharpest peak possible has a width at half its height of 1.53pH units, i.e. of 2log(3+2 radical2). Any particular curve for this situation proves to be identical with a curve that could be generated for the pH-dependence of a single-step reaction in which the rate is proportional to the concentration of a particular ionic form of a reactant. Curves for the latter situation, however, can have forms impossible for the former case in which the rate-determining step changes, but only if the protonations that activate and deactivate the reactant are co-operative. The peak can then become even sharper, and its width at half its height can fall to 1.14pH units, i.e. to 2log(2+ radical3).  相似文献   

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Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related to the risk of lung and prostate cancers. Lycopene functions as a very potent antioxidant, and this is clearly a major important mechanism of lycopene action. In this regard, lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis in the Ames test. However, evidence is accumulating for other mechanisms as well. Lycopene at physiological concentrations can inhibit human cancer cell growth by interfering with growth factor receptor signaling and cell cycle progression specifically in prostate cancer cells without evidence of toxic effects or apoptosis of cells. Studies using human and animal cells have identified a gene, connexin 43, whose expression is upregulated by lycopene and which allows direct intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC). GJC is deficient in many human tumors and its restoration or upregulation is associated with decreased proliferation. The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibits a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line, suggesting some interaction at a nuclear or subcellular level. The combination of lycopene and lutein synergistically interact as antioxidants, and this may relate to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes. This review will focus on the growing body of evidence that carotenoids have unexpected biologic effects in experimental systems, some of which may contribute to their cancer preventive properties in models of carcinogenesis. Consideration of solubility in vitro, comparison with doses achieved in humans by dietary means, interactions with other phytochemicals, and other potential mechanisms such as stimulation of xenobiotic metabolism, inhibition of cholesterogenesis, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and inhibition of inflammation will be considered. This review will point out areas for future research where more evidence is needed on the effects of lycopene on the etiology of chronic disease.  相似文献   

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