完整结肠系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的临床疗效观察

目的观察完整结肠系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的临床疗效。方法选取2014年3月～2017年3月在我院接受治疗的结肠癌患者82例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各41例,对照组实施传统根治术治疗,观察组行完整肠系膜切除术治疗,并对两组患者的手术指标、淋巴结清扫率、并发症及复发情况进行比较。结果观察组患者术中出血量少于对照组,首次肛门排气时间及住院时间短于对照组,平均淋巴结、左半结肠淋巴结、右半结肠淋巴结切除数量多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的并发症发生率为4.88%,低于对照组的19.51%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的复发率为2.44%,低于对照组的9.76%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论完整结肠系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的疗效确切,出血量少,淋巴结清除率高,并发症少,有利促进患者术后恢复。     

完整结肠系膜切除术在结肠癌治疗中的临床价值分析

目的探讨采用完整结肠系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的临床疗效和应用价值。方法将74例结肠癌患者分为对照组和观察组各37例,分别采用传统结肠癌根治术和完整结肠系膜切除术治疗,观察比较两组的临床效果及各指标情况。结果治疗组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P0.05),患者术中出血量、肛门排气时间、拔管时间、住院时间以及淋巴结清扫数等指标均优于对照组(P0.05),患者术后并发症发生率和复发率低于对照组(P0.05),1年和3年生存率均高于对照组(P0.05),差异均具有明显统计学意义。结论采用完整结肠系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的效果良好,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的临床效果

目的:探讨腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌中的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取2015年1月至2017年5月在本院经纤维结肠镜及活组织病理检查确诊为结肠癌的患者作为研究对象,并按照手术方式不同分为开腹手术组及腹腔镜手术组两组,每组各选取93例。开腹手术组采用开腹完整结肠系膜结肠癌根治术进行治疗,腹腔镜手术组采用腹腔镜下完整结肠系膜切除结肠癌根治术进行治疗,比较两组的手术指标、术后并发症和手术质量。结果:与开腹手术组比较,腹腔镜手术组手术时间延长,术中出血量减少,术后排气时间缩短,术后引流量减少,引流管拔管时间缩短,住院时间缩短(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组术后并发症总发生率(20.43%)显著低于开腹手术组(35.48%)(P0.05);切口相关感染发生率(1.08%)明显低于开腹手术组(6.45%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);总感染发生率(11.83%)低于开腹手术组(30.11%)(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组均达到完整系膜切除标准,肿瘤组织、系膜等均整块完整切除且系膜未发现损伤,切除标本质量分级达到C级及以上,切除肠管均距离恶性肿瘤上缘10 cm、下缘15 cm,且对切除肠管上切缘及下切缘的病理组织学检查结果均未发现恶性肿瘤细胞。腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组在清扫淋巴结数量、肿瘤TNM病理分期方面比较均未发现具有统计学差异(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组肿瘤大小明显小于开腹手术组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的手术创伤小,可降低术后并发症发生率,但手术时间还有待优化,应用指征还有待进一步拓宽。     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌全直肠系膜切除治疗直肠癌临床疗效

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌全直肠系膜切除治疗直肠癌的临床疗效。方法:选择我院2012年12月~2013年12月行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术(A组)和开腹直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术(B组)的患者,各40例,比较两组患者手术时间、肠道排气时间、住院时间、术后下床时间、术后并发症和标本病理情况。结果:1相比B组,A组手术时间较长,术中出血量少,肠道排气时间短,住院时间短,术后下床活动时间短,术后并发症发生率低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2A、B两组淋巴结清扫数、切除标本长度、肿瘤距远切断、标本切缘情况比较差异无显著性(P均0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术相比开腹直肠癌系膜切除治疗直肠癌具有手术时间短、创伤小、术后恢复快,并发症少的优点,值得在临床上推广应用。     

改良根治性与根治性子宫切除在控制Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌复发中的临床价值

目的:探究改良根治性与根治性子宫切除治疗Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌的临床价值,为临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌的治疗提供指导和借鉴。方法:选取我院2007年1月至2008年12月期间收治的Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌患者为研究对象,共计91例,根据患者临床治疗方法不同分成观察组(n=47)和对照组(n=44),观察组患者采用改良根治性与根治性子宫切除术,对照组采用改良根治性与根治性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术,分析比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症和5年生存率等。结果:在手术时间、手术出血量和住院时间上,组间比较,观察组患者的指标水平均显著优于对照组患者,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);在并发症发生率上,组间比较,观察组患者并发症发生率显著低于对照组患者的并发症发生率,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);5年生存率和局部复发率,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用改良根治性与根治性子宫切除术治疗Ⅰ期子宫内膜样腺癌具有较好的临床效果,可以有效的控制患者的复发率,淋巴结清扫术并不能显著改善复发率。     

肠造瘘术治疗单纯性肠穿孔较肠吻合术具有较好的疗效

为探讨单纯性肠穿孔患者实施肠造瘘术和肠吻合术治疗效果及预后差异,本研究选取单纯性肠穿孔患者75例作为研究对象,根据患者手术方式分为造瘘组(肠造瘘术治疗, 43例)和吻合组(肠吻合术治疗,32例),比较两组患者围手术期指标、近期疗效、术后并发症发生率及生活质量。研究发现两组患者发病到手术时间、手术时间、术中出血量比较无统计学意义(p>0.05);造瘘组患者胃肠功能恢复时间、术后禁食时间、卧床时间、住院时间均短于吻合组患者(p<0.05);造瘘组患者术后肠梗阻、二次手术、死亡发生率均低于吻合组患者(p<0.05);然而,造瘘组患者术后生活质量评分低于吻合组患者(p<0.05)。因此,本研究的初步结论为,肠造瘘术治疗单纯肠穿孔,相对肠吻合术治疗可缩短患者术后恢复时间、降低并发症发生率,但可对患者术后生活质量造成一定影响。     

腹腔镜结肠癌根治术与传统开腹结肠癌根治术的临床对比分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜结肠癌根治术与传统开腹结肠癌根治术疗效的差别。方法:随机将86例结肠癌患者分为两组,各43例。腹腔镜组采用腹腔镜结肠癌根治术,传统开腹组采用开腹结肠癌根治术,观察两组患者手术情况及术后并发症情况。结果:腹腔镜组手术时间、淋巴结清扫数与传统开腹组比较无显著差异(P0.05);腹腔镜组术中出血量少于传统开腹组、住院时间短于传统开腹组(P0.05);腹腔镜组排气时间短于传统开腹组(P0.01),两组并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:腹腔镜结肠癌根治术具有术中出血量少、创伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间明显缩短等特点,可达到传统开腹手术的效果,值得广泛应用。     

腹腔镜与传统开腹胃癌D2根治术式的临床分析

目的:比较远端胃癌应用腹腔镜辅助技术行D2根治术与传统开腹远端胃癌D2根治术安全性、近期生存差异。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月-2012年12月在我院行远端胃癌根治术的158例患者,其中行腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治手术75例(腹腔镜组),与开腹远端胃癌根治手术83例(开腹组)。对比分析腹腔镜组与开腹组病人术中情况和术后并发症及近期生存差异。结果:腹腔镜组与传统开腹组病人一般资料、病理学类型、肿瘤位置、肿瘤浸润深度、转移淋巴结数目、总清扫淋巴结数目、肿瘤TNM分期比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),腹腔镜组手术时间较传统开腹组长(P0.05),切口长度、离床活动时间、排气时间、进流食时间、总住院时间短于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),腹腔镜组与开腹组术中出血量、术后并发症发生率、近期生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治性手术安全可行,可达到开腹手术相同的根治效果,但较开腹组具有术中创伤小、术后恢复快优势。     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术与开腹阑尾切除术治疗急性阑尾炎的疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜阑尾切除术和开腹阑尾切除术治疗急性阑尾炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2012年3月-2014年3月我院收治的急性阑尾炎患者127例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,观察组63例行腹腔镜阑尾切除手术,对照组64例行开腹阑尾切除手术,比较两组的手术效果及术后并发症情况。结果:两组的手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组术中出血量、肛门排气时间及住院时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后VAS评分较治疗前有不同程度的降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组切口感染、肠梗阻以及腹腔脓肿发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而两组腹腔内出血、阑尾残端瘘的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗急性阑尾炎具有手术效果好、预后快及术后并发症少等特点,值得临床推广使用。     

经腹腔镜实施结直肠癌根治术对高龄患者胃肠功能的影响

目的:探讨结直肠癌高龄患者经腹腔镜实施结直肠癌根治术对胃肠功能产生的影响。方法:选取92例接受结直肠癌根治手术的结直肠癌患者,将其随机数字表法随机分为试验组和对照组两组,其中对照组患者均采用开腹手术进行治疗,而试验组患者则采取腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治手术。观察比较两组患者的术中情况和术后的胃肠功能。结果:两组患者之间的淋巴结清扫数目和标本切除长度均无明显差异(均P0.05),试验组患者的术中出血量以及手术时间均低于对照组患者(t=10.394,P0.05;t=6.983,P0.05)。胃泌素和胃动素水平和患者术后的肛门排气时间以及腹胀持续时间呈显著的负相关关系;试验组患者的术后肛门排气时间和腹胀持续时间均低于对照组患者,并且其胃泌素和胃动素含量均明显高于对照组患者(均P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治手术较开腹手术具有创伤小的优势,并且对于高龄结直肠癌患者术后的胃肠功能具有较好的恢复效果。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.