药学专业仪器分析教学实践与能力培养

目的:针对药学专业仪器分析教学中存在的教学内容不能满足社会需要、实验内容陈旧、学生实践和创新能力差等问题进行教学改革和实践。方法:对药学专业仪器分析课程的教学内容、教学手段和实验教学进行了教学改革。结果:通过对连续6届药学专业本科生的教学实践,学生的学习成绩、实验技能和应用能力明显提高。结论:在药学专业仪器分析化学教学中进行适合本专业特色的教学改革能提高学生的综合素质。     

高职医学微生物学检验课程教学改革与实践

针对当前高职医学检验专业文理兼招、学生基础薄弱的实际情况,在微生物学检验课程教学中,以微生物检验岗位工作任务为引领,以强化技能训练为主导,课程设计了基础知识、基本技能、技术应用及单元实训四大模块,将微生物学理论知识融合于技能训练项目之中,构建"串行体系"结构的课程体系,部分实验内容采用学生自主设计,并且教学方法多措并举,考核方式多元化。结果表明:通过课程改革与实践,激发了学生学习兴趣,培养了学生的创新能力和实践动手能力,教学效果明显。     

深化微生物检验教学改革, 培养学生综合能力

《微生物检验》是医学检验技术专业重要的专业核心课程, 具有很强的实践性和操作性。课程采取“校企合作”的方法, 根据医院人才培养标准整合教学内容, 在教学过程中强调工学结合, 积极采用个案分析等多种教学方法和手段, 开拓学生思路, 养成良好的科学态度。通过“实训-见习-实习”等实践环节, 培养学生的动手能力, 以及分析问题、解决问题的能力, 为临床输送“医学检验技能应用型人才”。     

技能大赛背景下高职生物制药技术综合实训课程教学改革

综合实训是高职学生将理论知识与生产实践有机融合的重要教学环节。本文介绍了技能大赛背景下,学院生物制药技术专业立足“以赛促教、以赛促建、以赛促学、育训结合”特色,以青霉素发酵工艺实验为例,从教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、考核等内容进行的改革与实践,将发酵设备的实践操作与虚拟仿真软件相融合,双向交互式开展课程。突破发酵过程控制的主观依赖性,建立发酵过程参数控制的量化管理和评价,更有利于实现技能大赛与实践教学的高效融合。通过近几年的改革与实践,取得良好的教学效果,为同类课程基于技能大赛的教学实践改革提供了新的思路和借鉴。     

高校发酵工程技术综合实训初步探讨

发酵实验室是高校教育教学的重要组成部分,是培养高校学生工程技术能力的场所。本文就高校如何开展发酵工程技术综合实训进行了初步探讨,厘清了实验室队伍和平台建设、实验理论教学和安全教育与生产实训相结合以及校企合作是高校实践性教学的重要内容,指出通过贴近生产实际的实训教学是培养具有技术技能的综合性人才的重要途径。     

生物工程专业微生物学理论课教学改革的探索*

课程教学改革是高等学校教育改革的主要内容。微生物学是生物工程专业的必修专业基础课,是一门理论性和实践性都很强的课程。在高等教育面临着素质教育、培养创新人才的新形势下,面对教学时数少,学生的知识层次不齐、实验能力较差的实际,对该课程的教学内容、教学方法和考核方法进行了一些改革,取得了较好的效果。就生物工程专业微生物学教学改革提出了一些见解和设想。     

生物工程专业微生物学理论课教学改革的探索

课程教学改革是高等学校教育改革的主要内容。微生物学是生物工程专业的必修专业基础课,是一门理论性和实践性都很强的课程。在高等教育面临着素质教育、培养创新人才的新形势下,面对教学时数少,学生的知识层次不齐、实验能力较差的实际。对该课程的教学内容、教学方法和考核方法进行了一些改革,取得了较好的效果。就生物工程专业微生物学教学改革提出了一些见解和设想。     

基于岗位需求的“食品微生物学”综合性实验项目设计与教学效果分析

"食品微生物学"是高等院校食品科学与工程、食品质量与安全及其相关专业的一门必修专业基础课,该课程实验技术是食品类专业学生必须掌握的基本技能,而传统的实验教学存在着与就业岗位需求脱节、学生参与度低等诸多问题,难以培养学生独立完成岗位工作的能力。为了培养学生的综合实践能力,适应就业岗位需求,保证该课程的实践教学质量,课题组通过调研30余家就业单位微生物岗位实际,将课程原有实验教学内容整合为两大综合性实验项目,涵盖了食品微生物学全部基本实验技能。实践表明,两大综合性实验项目的开展可有效提高食品微生物学实验教学效果,使学生全面获得食品微生物学的基本实验技能,有助于提高学生的综合能力,实现学生与就业岗位的无缝对接。     

发酵工程课程的立体化教学探索与实践

发酵工程课程实践性强且直接影响学生就业。近年来针对课程特点和授课对象,我们从教学理念、模块划分和授课方式等方面进行了改革和探索。课程改革以"能力培养为宗旨、课程模块为单元、多种教学资源为平台",探索了模块化、立体式教学模式,依据教学内容将理论课程划分为发酵工程设备、固体发酵、液体发酵和产品分离四个模块;实践教学紧密结合地方特色,以葡萄酒发酵全过程作为发酵基础实验,并通过工厂实习和科技作品试验提高学生的实践能力和创新意识;教学方式采用课堂教学、实验室操作和生产车间参观、实习相结合,实现课堂、实验室、车间立体结合,理论、实验与生产实践的有机链接。经三届共240多名学生的实践,证实对提高学生的社会实践能力和创新能力都有显著的促进作用。     

模块化微生物学实验课教学体系的探索与实践

模块化微生物学实验教学可提高本科生的探究能力和实验技能综合运用能力。本文介绍了我校模块化微生物学实验课教学体系的探索与实践。首先,构建综合性、研究型模块化教学内容体系。教学内容体系由“环境微生物多样性调查”、“功能微生物的筛选鉴定、培养条件优化与选育”和“水质微生物学检验”3个模块共计12个单元实验组成。模块实验内容设计把握3个原则：重视学生基本实验技能培训与探究性学习引导;加强单元实验间的内容衔接,保证模块实验的连贯性;注重内容精炼,步骤简化,充分考虑学生的学习负荷。其次,实行教学研讨会制度,组织教师总结上周实验的得失,讨论和优化本周的实验内容和步骤,建设与模块化微生物实验课教学体系相适应的高水平教学队伍。最后,建立与模块化微生物学实验课教学体系相匹配的多样化考核方式,包括每个单元实验的通过性评价,期末进行操作性实验考试,将撰写单元实验报告改为撰写模块实验论文,突出学生的综合能力和思考能力评价,组织优秀实验成果展示活动,实行激励性评价。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418