猪细小病毒NS1基因的原核表达及重组蛋白的复性

利用PCR技术扩增出PPVNS1基因抗原区。将目的基因与原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1进行连接并转化,重组质粒经鉴定并测序。测序结果表明,目的基因插入的位置、大小和读码框均正确,通过试验摸索并确定了表达NS1基因的最佳诱导条件:IPTG终浓度为1.0mmol/L,诱导时间为10h,温度为37℃,其表达量占全菌蛋白的29.8%。表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析,得到分子量约为52kDa的重组蛋白且以包涵体形式存在。重组蛋白经Westernblot检测,结果证明重组蛋白可被PPV阳性血清识别。用8mol/L尿素变性溶解包涵体,再用稀释方法和还原型、氧化型谷胱甘肽系统相结合的方法对重组蛋白进行复性。ELISA检测表明,复性后的重组蛋白有良好的生物活性。     

大鼠sFcγRIIb基因原核表达及活性鉴定

旨在克隆大鼠FcγRIIb基因,构建s FcγRIIb原核表达体系,制备重组大鼠s FcγRIIb蛋白。采用RT-PCR技术从RBL-2H3细胞中克隆FcγRIIb胞外区基因,构建重组表达质粒转化大肠杆菌诱导表达,镍柱亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,复性后利用Western blotting、ELISA进行鉴定。结果显示,成功克隆大鼠s FcγRIIb基因,构建原核表达载体s FcγRIIb-p ET17b,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。通过对表达体系进行优化,确定IPTG浓度为1.0 mmol/L,诱导时间为4 h时蛋白表达效率最高,重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经8 mol/L尿素溶解,利用Ni-NTA柱亲和层析获得了较高纯度的重组蛋白。采用梯度透析复性法对s FcγRIIb进行复性后,经Western blotting、ELISA与竞争性ELISA鉴定,重组蛋白s FcγRIIb可被特异性抗体所识别且与Ig G具有结合能力。成功建立了大鼠FcγRIIb基因原核表达体系,制备了具有生物学功能的重组蛋白。     

一株孕酮转化工程菌的构建

孕酮既是临床常用药物、又是可的松等药物的重要中间体,因此简便而快速的生产孕酮方法对于甾体激素的生产具有重要意义。本文利用红平红球菌的胆固醇氧化酶基因,构建了重组质粒BL21/p ET28b-cho E、并在大肠杆菌中获得重组表达。该菌株能够以孕烯醇酮为底物、转化生产孕酮。经条件优化,对浓度为0.2 g/L的孕烯醇酮的转化率大于80%。     

甲胎蛋白的原核表达及复性优化

构建甲胎蛋白的原核表达载体p ET32a-AFP,对包涵体形式表达的甲胎蛋白进行复性优化。将构建的重组质粒p ET32a-AFP转化入E.coli,IPTG诱导表达后,经亲和层析纯化获得AFP包涵体,通过对复性过程、p H、添加剂等的研究摸索,获得最佳复性条件。当采用添加0.5 mol/L L-精氨酸的一步法透析复性方法,且透析液p H值为8.5,重组人AFP包涵体蛋白起始浓度为1.0 mg/m L时,复性效率最高。该复性方法获得蛋白质具有较高的回收率且操作简便。     

从重组融合蛋白包涵体中释放大环肽过程优化

[目的]探索不同条件对包涵体复性的影响,优化重组融合蛋白包涵体中释放大环肽的工艺条件。[方法]对纯化后的包涵体进行不同变性液、透析方式及是否超声破碎处理的比较;并在此基础上探讨不同透析温度、谷胱甘肽浓度与L-Arg浓度对大环肽产量的影响。采用Tanon凝胶分析系统与紫外吸收法对大环肽的产量进行分析。[结果]使用8 mol/L的尿素溶解包涵体后,获得的上清液在25℃条件下,在含有1 mmol/L GSH、0.1 mmol/L GSSG、0.8mmol/L L-Arg的透析液中进行梯度透析,其得率为每克包涵体获得约1.4 mg大环肽。[结论]成功从包涵体中获得大环肽并优化工艺条件。     

幽门螺杆菌重组HpaA蛋白包涵体的切胶纯化分析

目的 探讨切胶纯化的最佳条件及纯化重组HpaA蛋白包涵体的可行性.方法 克隆并表达pQE30-hpaA-DH5α工程菌,获得重组HpaA蛋白包涵体,使用切胶纯化法进行纯化,得到可溶性的重组HpaA蛋白.SDS-PAGE电泳后使用不同浓度、不同pH的醋酸钠溶液以及不同的染色时间染色电泳蛋白条带,分析切胶纯化的最佳条件.Western blot鉴定重组HpaA蛋白的抗原性.将重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,双向免疫扩散法检测血清抗HpaA抗体,鉴定重组蛋白的免疫原性.结果 4 mol/L醋酸钠溶液、pH 13.0、作用1 h为切胶纯化的最佳条件.经切胶纯化法获得的重组HpaA蛋白体积为6 ml,浓度为0.2942 mg/ml,蛋白量为1.7652 mg,得率为77.1%,Western blot显示该蛋白具有良好的抗原性.小鼠免疫血清能与重组HpaA蛋白反应,双扩效价大于等于1∶ 16,具有良好的免疫原性.结论 切胶能够纯化重组HpaA蛋白包涵体,获得高纯度的可溶性重组HpaA蛋白,该蛋白具有良好的抗原性和免疫原性,可用于进一步的科学研究.     

黄瓜离体叶绿体转化方法

叶绿体是植物细胞内执行光合作用的半自主性细胞器,叶绿体转基因是研究叶绿体基因表达调控机制的重要技术。通常在细胞和组织水平进行转化时需要叶绿体同质化,因此实验周期较长。该文以无菌培养的黄瓜绿色子叶为材料,通过差速离心分离叶绿体,以0.33 mol/L山梨醇为叶绿体洗涤和悬液,在13 k V/cm电击电压条件下进行转化。经PCR、RT-PCR鉴定和荧光显微镜观察,证明外源基因能导入离体叶绿体并可进行表达。该方法有望为包括鉴定叶绿体表达载体功能等基础性研究工作提供快捷途径。     

重组钝齿棒杆菌全细胞转化生产L-瓜氨酸条件优化

实现了精氨酸脱亚胺酶(ADI)首次在钝齿棒杆菌Corynebacterium crenatum SYPA 5-5中的高效表达。通过Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化得到纯化ADI,经SDS-PAGE测定其分子量约为46.8 k Da,酶学性质研究发现ADI的最适催化温度为37℃,最适pH为6.5,ADI在最佳催化条件下作用于L-精氨酸的米氏常数为12.18 mmol/L,最大反应速率为0.36μmol/(min·mL)。优化了重组菌全细胞转化产L-瓜氨酸的工艺条件,在最优条件下可一次转化300 g/L L-精氨酸,转化速率达8 g/(L·h)。进行重组菌5 L罐发酵并进行罐上全细胞转化300 g/L L-精氨酸,一批菌体可进行多次转化,累计产量达1 900 g以上。     

重组人TGF-β3的表达纯化及复性研究

利用大肠杆菌表达重组人转化生长因子β3(humantransformgrowthfactor,hTGFβ3),目的蛋白以包涵体形式表达。用8mol/L尿素溶解的包涵体蛋白,经CMSepharoselFastFlow柱和SphacrylS100分子筛可获得纯度达90%以上的rhTGF-β3单体。将单体蛋白加到复性缓冲液(1mol/LNaCl,0.5mol/LLArg,0.5mmol/LGSSG,30mmol/LCHAPS,20%(v/v)DMSO)进行复性后,再经DEAESepharoselFastFlow柱和SphacrylS100分子筛可分离得到纯度达94%的二聚体rhTGFβ3,纯化后的产量为720mg/L,纯化总回收率为47%。MTT法测活表明,该重组蛋白具刺激成纤维细胞Balb/c3T3生长的作用。     

大肠杆菌表达的人IL-6复性条件研究

采用稀释法复性,筛选重组人白细胞介素-6(rhIL-6)包涵体蛋白的复性条件。结果显示,复性液的浓度、pH值、复性时间和复性蛋白浓度,对重组人白细胞介素-6复性效果有很大影响。在复性液为2mol/L尿素、pH8.5、复性时间为24h和复性蛋白浓度50μg/ml条件下,重组人白细胞介素-6包涵体蛋白的复性效果最佳。     

Microwave initiated synthesis of polyacrylamide grafted Psyllium and its application as a flocculant

This paper reports a novel microwave initiated method for synthesis of polyacrylamide grafted Psyllium (Psy-g-PAM). Psyllium was modified through grafting of polyacrylamide (PAM) chains on it using microwave radiations only, in absence of any other free radical initiator. The grafting was confirmed by intrinsic viscosity study and characterization techniques like FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis (C, H, N, O and S) and SEM morphology study. Further, the flocculation efficacy of the synthesized graft copolymers was studied in kaolin and coal fine suspension through standard 'Jar test' procedure.     

Two-step exposure of biological objects to infrared laser and microwave radiation]

The effect of two-step exposure of bacterial objects to infrared laser and microwave pulse radiations was studied. The effect is determined by the time interval between two excitation steps and pulse duration. It was shown that the biologically active dose of microwave radiation is much lower than that of infrared laser radiation; however, laser radiation induces a stronger cellular response. It was found that microwaves enhance the efficiency of infrared laser radiation.     

CHANGES IN SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF DOPAMINE METABOLITES AS EVIDENCE OF A MULTIPLE COMPARTMENTATION OF DOPAMINE IN STRIATAL NEURONS

The functional status of dopaminergic nerve terminals has been studied with a method that allows the simultaneous determination of the specific activities of dopamine (DM), tyrosine (Tyr), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), after administration of [³H]tyrosine ([³H]Tyr). Combined fluorimetric, mass fragmentographic and radiometric techniques have been used. [³H]Tyrosine was given intraventricularly to unanaesthetized rats and the animals were killed by exposure for 4 s to high energy microwave radiations. The specific activities of 3-MT and DOPAC measured 5 and 20 min after administration of [³H]Tyr, i. e. at time intervals in which the specific activity of DM is rising, are much higher than those their physiological precursor, suggesting that they are generated by more than one DM compartment. This hypothesis seems to be supported by the finding that in animals killed by decapitation instead of microwave radiations the post mortem accumulation of 3-MT occurs to a much smaller extent for the radioactive fraction than for the endogenous one, indicating that 3-MT formed after death may be mainly derived from DM coming from a compartment where this monoamine has been poorly labeled by the radioactive precursor.     

Radiations and male fertility

During recent years, an increasing percentage of male infertility has to be attributed to an array of environmental, health and lifestyle factors. Male infertility is likely to be affected by the intense exposure to heat and extreme exposure to pesticides, radiations, radioactivity and other hazardous substances. We are surrounded by several types of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations and both have recognized causative effects on spermatogenesis. Since it is impossible to cover all types of radiation sources and their biological effects under a single title, this review is focusing on radiation deriving from cell phones, laptops, Wi-Fi and microwave ovens, as these are the most common sources of non-ionizing radiations, which may contribute to the cause of infertility by exploring the effect of exposure to radiofrequency radiations on the male fertility pattern. From currently available studies it is clear that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) have deleterious effects on sperm parameters (like sperm count, morphology, motility), affects the role of kinases in cellular metabolism and the endocrine system, and produces genotoxicity, genomic instability and oxidative stress. This is followed with protective measures for these radiations and future recommendations. The study concludes that the RF-EMF may induce oxidative stress with an increased level of reactive oxygen species, which may lead to infertility. This has been concluded based on available evidences from in vitro and in vivo studies suggesting that RF-EMF exposure negatively affects sperm quality.     

Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: the neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (aves: Furnariidae)

Patterns of diversification in species-rich clades provide insight into the processes that generate biological diversity. We tested different models of lineage and phenotypic diversification in an exceptional continental radiation, the ovenbird family Furnariidae, using the most complete species-level phylogenetic hypothesis produced to date for a major avian clade (97% of 293 species). We found that the Furnariidae exhibit nearly constant rates of lineage accumulation but show evidence of constrained morphological evolution. This pattern of sustained high rates of speciation despite limitations on phenotypic evolution contrasts with the results of most previous studies of evolutionary radiations, which have found a pattern of decelerating diversity-dependent lineage accumulation coupled with decelerating or constrained phenotypic evolution. Our results suggest that lineage accumulation in tropical continental radiations may not be as limited by ecological opportunities as in temperate or island radiations. More studies examining patterns of both lineage and phenotypic diversification are needed to understand the often complex tempo and mode of evolutionary radiations on continents.     

Cancer risks related to low-level RF/MW exposures,including cell phones

For years, radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) radiations have been applied in the modern world. The rapidly increasing use of cellular phones called recent attention to the possible health risks of RF/MW exposures. In 2011, a group of international experts organized by IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer in Lyon) concluded that RF/MW radiations should be listed as a possible carcinogen (group 2B) for humans. Three meta-analyses of case-control studies have concluded that using cell phones for more than ten years was associated with an increase in the overall risk of developing a brain tumor. The Interphone Study, the largest health-related case-control international study of use of cell phones and head and neck tumors, showed no statistically significant increases in brain cancers related to higher amounts of cell phone use, but excess risk in a small subgroup of more heavily exposed users associated with latency and laterality was reported. So far, the published studies do not show that mobile phones could for sure increase the risk of cancer. This conclusion is based on the lack of a solid biological mechanism, and the fact that brain cancer rates are not going up significantly. However, all of the studies so far have weaknesses, which make it impossible to entirely rule out a risk. Mobile phones are still a new technology and there is little evidence about effects of long-term use. For this reason, bioelectromagnetic experts advise application of a precautionary resources. It suggests that if people want to use a cell phone, they can choose to minimize their exposure by keeping calls short and preferably using hand-held sets. It also advises discouraging children from making non essential calls as well as also keeping their calls short.     

Rapid synthesis of antimicrobial paper under microwave irradiation

The silver-nanoparticle (AgNP) containing paper was successfully prepared. The AgNP is deposited by the in situ reduction of silver nitrate on the acrylamide grafted bagasse paper sheets in the presence of citrate molecules as stabilizing agent. In the present paper, grafting of acrylamide onto bagasse paper sheets using potassium persulfate was carried out under the influence of microwave radiations (MWR). The modified paper sheets were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Antimicrobial activities of the prepared paper sheets were also investigated against G+ve bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, G-ve bacterium Pseudomomas aeruginosa, and yeast Candida albicans, which are model microorganisms for testing bactericidal properties. The AgNP containing paper sheets exhibited antibacterial activity.     

Detection of ionizing radiations with the SOS Chromotest, a bacterial short-term test for genotoxic agents

The effects of 3 types of ionizing radiation, gamma-rays, neutrons and accelerated alpha-particles, were examined using the SOS Chromotest, a bacterial colorimetric assay for genotoxic agents based on the measurement of the SOS response in Escherichia coli. The SOS Chromotest appeared to be a sensitive and simple assay to detect quantitatively these radiations as well as their biological effects. The range of adsorbed doses for which induction was observed was similar for the 3 types of radiation, the minimum inducing doses being in the order of 2.5-5 Gy. We discuss the possible use of these observations to study the molecular action of radiations and to compare their genotoxic effects with those of chemicals.     

Biophysical Evaluation of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Effects on Male Reproductive Pattern

There are possible hazardous health effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations emitted from mobile phone on the human reproductive pattern. It is more effective while keeping mobile phones in pocket or near testicular organs. Present review examines the possible concern on radio frequency radiation interaction and biological effects such as enzyme induction, and toxicological effects, including genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, testicular cancer, and reproductive outcomes. Testicular infertility or testicular cancer due to mobile phone or microwave radiations suggests an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Though generation of ROS in testis has been responsible for possible toxic effects on physiology of reproduction, the reviews of last few decades have well established that these radiations are very harmful and cause mutagenic changes in reproductive pattern and leads to infertility. The debate will be focused on bio-interaction mechanism between mobile phone and testicular cancer due to ROS formation. This causes the biological damage and leads to several changes like decreased sperm count, enzymatic and hormonal changes, DNA damage, and apoptosis formation. In the present review, physics of mobile phone including future research on various aspects has been discussed.     

Microwave irradiation for rapid epidermis-dermis separation and improved epidermal cell immunodetection

We explored the effects of microwave irradiation on epidermal-dermal separation and subsequent immunostaining of epidermal cells. Epidermal sheets were obtained after incubation in 0.02 M EDTA in PBS and microwave irradiation with 4 pulses of 420 watts for 5 sec, with a total incubation period of 4 min. The control epidermal sheets were immunostained for Langerhans cells and dendritic epidermal T cells using a conventional immunoperoxidase method. The experimental immunodetection of these cells was assisted by incubating the primary antibodies for 10 min at 70 watts. We showed a simple and rapid method for separation of the epidermal-dermal junction and immunostaining of epidermal cells with optimal morphological preservation.