小麦叶锈病抗性基因在山西的有效性研究

采自山西省各地的小麦叶锈菌菌株分别接种在含有已知抗叶锈病基因的小麦近等基因系(或单基因系)上,测定其毒性频率,根据已知抗病基因对叶锈菌群体的抗性程度,对其进行抗性效能的评价。结果表明：抗性基因Lr9、Lr19、Lr24、Lr38的毒性频率较低,分别为23．08％、16．03％、12．82％和1．92％,为山西省小麦叶锈菌的有效抗病基因。在发现的诸多毒性类型中,THT、THK、PHT、TRT的出现频率居前四位,分别为19．23％、8．97％、7．05％、5．77％,为山西省目前小麦叶锈菌群体中的优势毒性类型。     

筛选利用小麦微卫星标记追踪簇毛麦各条染色体

选用定位于普通小麦7个部分同源群上的276对微卫星引物对普通小麦中同春和簇毛麦的基因组DNA进行扩增分析,有148对引物可在两个物种间检测到多态性。利用上述显示多态性的引物进一步对7个中国春-簇毛麦二体附加系进行扩增分析,筛选出分别可用来追踪簇毛麦1V至7V染色体的引物wmc49（1BS）、wmc25（2BS）、gdm36（3DS）、gdml45（4AL）、wmc233（5DS）、wmc256（6AL）和gwm344（7BL）。此外还发现6DS上的微卫星引物gwm469可以用来追踪簇毛麦的2V染色体;2DS上的微卫星引物gdm107可用来追踪簇毛麦的6V染色体。进一步用涉及不同簇毛麦和小麦背景的小麦一簇毛麦染色体附加系、代换系和易位系进行扩增分析,这些微卫星标记也可用来鉴定簇毛麦的各条染色体。因此,这然簇毛麦染色体特异的微卫星标记可用来追踪普通小麦背景中的簇毛麦染色体。     

小麦Hussar衍生品系抗叶锈病基因分析

以抗叶锈病小麦品系Hussar的衍生品系H103P为抗病亲本,郑州5389为感病亲本杂交得到的234个F4家系群体为材料,进行抗叶锈病基因定位分析。利用带有不同毒力的16个叶锈菌生理小种进行苗期抗叶锈性鉴定,结果表明周麦22及携带Lr13、Lr23和Lr16单基因的载体品种对16个叶锈菌生理小种均表现感病,H103P对除PHKT外的所有小种表现抗病,表明H103P抗叶锈性与携带Lr13、Lr23和Lr16单基因的载体品种不同。利用5种强毒力混合菌种(THTT、PHTT~((2))、FHJS~((2))、PHKS、PHTT~((1)))进行田间抗叶锈性鉴定,结果表明H103P、SAAR、周麦22以及Lr13载体品种田间表现均为高抗,234个F4家系群体抗性呈连续性分布,在田间表现出良好的成株期抗性。抗叶锈病基因定位分析结果表明,在小麦品系H103P中定位到1个位于小麦2BS染色体上的抗叶锈病基因,暂命名为LrHu。利用含有Lr13的特异性引物对H103P和郑州5389的扩增产物进行特异性酶切,结果发现小麦品系H103P含有抗叶锈病基因Lr13。小麦抗叶锈病基因LrHu与Lr13的关系还需...     

小麦白粉病抗性基因的导入及AFLP分析

本研究以簇毛麦为抗源,采用杂交与辐射、组织培养相结合的方法,将簇毛麦的抗白粉病基因导入小麦,选育出高产、抗白粉病的小麦新品种和农艺性状较好、抗白粉病的小麦新种质。经AFLP分析,确定4个抗白粉病种质均为含有一段簇毛麦DNA的易位系。并得到3个可能与抗性基因紧密连锁的标记。     

ph1b基因对簇毛麦遗传物质导入普通小麦的影响

ph1b基因对簇毛麦遗传物质导入普通小麦的影响@陈静$中国科学院成都生物研究所!成都610041ph1b基因;;小麦;;簇毛麦     

几个四倍体小麦-山羊草双二倍体及其部分亲本的抗小麦白粉病基因分析

用离体叶段接种方法鉴定了11个四倍体小麦一山羊草双二倍体、波斯小麦PS5、硬粒小麦DR147、5份山羊草、杂交高代材料Am9／莱州953*^2F5和(DR147／Ael4)／／莱州953*^2F4对20个具有不同毒力白粉菌株的抗谱。通过与含有已知抗病基因品种或品系的反应模式比较,推测Am9／莱州953*^2F5含有Pm4b,波斯小麦PS5含有Pm4b与一个未知抗病基因组合;(DR147／Ael4)／／莱州953*^2F4和硬粒小麦DR147含有Pm4a和一个未知抗病基因组合;尾状山羊草Ael4和小伞山羊草Y39抗所有白粉菌株,由于迄今还没有在尾状山羊草和小伞山羊草中鉴定出抗白粉病基因,推测这2份山羊草含有新的抗白粉病基因。除Am9外,在其它双二倍体中波斯小麦或硬粒小麦的抗性部分受到抑制。山羊草的抗性部分或完全量到抑制。     

小麦-簇毛麦种质系‘山农030713＇的细胞学和SSR鉴定

利用形态学、细胞学以及SSR标记技术对从硬簇麦和Am3的杂种后代中选育的种质系‘山农030713＇进行了鉴定,结果表明：种质系‘山农030713＇大田生长整齐一致,农艺性状较好,且对白粉病免疫;其根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ（PMC M Ⅰ）染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ;它与普通小麦的杂种F1PMC MⅠ多数细胞中形成21个二价体,且常有四价体出现,可能伴有染色体的结构变异;SSR分析证明‘山农030713＇基本染色体组成为AABBDD,引物Xgwm99-1A在‘山农030713＇中扩增出簇毛麦的特异带,表明‘山农030713＇中有来自于簇毛麦的遗传物质,此特异带可作为识别‘山农030713＇的SSR标记.综合形态学、细胞学和SSR分析结果推测,‘山农030713＇可能是一个小麦-簇毛麦易位系.     

小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系TcLr41 SSH文库构建与分析

以小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系TcLr41和感病亲本Thatcher的叶片cDNA分别作为试验方和驱动方,利用抑制差减杂交技术,构建了一个包含2544个克隆的差减文库。随机提取阳性克隆质粒DNA后经PCR检测,插入片段大部分集中在200～1000bp之间,证明所构建的文库符合要求。在功能已知的基因中,推测过氧化氢酶（catalasc）基因、抗秆锈病基因（rust resistance gene）、铜蓝结合蛋白（blue copper—binding protein）基因、锌指蛋白（ring zinc finger protein）基因、胁迫反应蛋白（stress responsive protein）基因等可能是TcLr41中抗病相关差异表达基因。     

粗山羊草抗条锈病新基因YrY206遗传分析和微卫星 标记

从小麦野生近缘属——粗山羊草中挖掘小麦条锈病抗病基因, 拓展小麦抗病性的遗传基础。利用抗小麦条锈病与感小麦条锈病的粗山羊草间杂交, 从粗山羊草[Aegilops tauschii (Coss.) Schmal] Y206中鉴定出1个显性抗小麦条锈病基因, 暂定名为YrY206。应用分离群体分组法(Bulked segregant analysis, BSA)筛选到Wmc11a、Xgwm71c、Xgwm161和Xgwm183标记, 与该基因之间的遗传距离分别为4.0、3.3、1.5和9.3 cM。根据连锁标记所在小麦微卫星图谱的位置, YrY206被定位在3DS染色体上。分析基因所在染色体的位置、抗病性特征, 认为YrY206是一个新的抗小麦条锈病基因。     

Study of rust resistance genes in wheat germplasm with DNA markers

Wheat is a vital dietary component for human health and widely consumed in the world. Wheat rusts are dangerous pathogens and contribute serious threat to its production. In present study, PCR-Based DNA Markers were employed to check the rust resistance genes among 20 wheat genotypes and 22 markers were amplified. NTSYS-pc 2.2 was used to calculate genetic diversity and Nei and Li''s coefficients ranged from 0.55 to 0.95. Cluster analysis was obtained using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Average) algorithm. Maximum no. of genes (23) was amplified from TW-760010 genotype whereas minimum no of genes (14) were amplified from TW-76005 genotype. The data gained from present study open up new ways to produce new varieties by breeding rust resistant germplasm to avoid the economic and food loss and varieties with improved characteristics.     

TcLr35小麦中病程相关蛋白1基因的克隆及分析

根据已发表的植物病程相关蛋白1基因设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术,从被小麦叶锈菌诱导的小麦抗叶锈病基因近等基因系材料TcLr35中获得一个病程相关蛋白1基因cDNA片段,长度为489bp,3′端包含21个poly(A),暂命名为PR12。利用5′RACE技术获得了818bp的PR12全长,该基因包含495bp的开放读码框,147bp的5′非翻译区(non translated region,NTR),155bp的3′非翻译区和21bp的多聚腺苷酸尾。编码164个通读的蛋白质氨基酸序列,基因产物具有植物防御体系中病程相关蛋白SCP保守结构域,与GenBank中多个植物病程相关蛋白1基因具有较高的同源性。Southern杂交显示,该基因在小麦基因组中为单拷贝。     

RSP抗穗发芽基因育种利用研究初报

利用农艺性状优良、优质的红粒小麦品种绵阳11以及2个白粒、极易穗发芽(常年穗发芽在50%以上)的小麦品系YY2和88-1643与穗发芽抗性来源于长休眠节节麦的人工合成小麦RSP杂交,对3个组合的F2单株和F3株系的穗发芽测试,从RSP×绵阳11中筛选出15个与RSP相当的纯合抗性株系和27份穗发芽接近0的F3单株;从RSP×YY2和RSP×88-1643组合中共筛选出5份穗发芽在7%以下的白粒株系.这些株系或单株相对于RSP的高秆、晚熟等不利性状已有较大改良,为节节麦抗穗发芽基因向优质或白粒小麦转移研制出了更容易利用的中间材料.     

Teliospore-inducing activity for wheat leaf rust in the extracts of various host plant leaves infected with telia of rust fungi

MeOH and water extracts were obtained from 16 species of infected leaves with rust fungi belonging to 18 species in 6 families: Pucciniaceae, Melampsoraceae, Coleosporiaceae, Pileolariaceae, Phragmidiaceae, and Phakopsoraceae. All the extracts of rust-infected plants with telia showed the teliospore-inducing activity for wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici).     

The introgressed segment carrying rust resistance genes Yr17, Lr37 and Sr38 in wheat can be assayed by a cloned disease resistance gene-like sequence

A cloned gene sequence (Vrga1D), with features of the nucleotide-binding-site leucine-rich repeat class of disease resistance (R) gene sequence super family, was previously shown to belong to a family of five gene members derived from a Triticum ventricosum Ces. (syn. Aegilops ventricosa Tausch) segment in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This gene family was introgressed, together with the linked rust resistance genes Yr17, Lr37 and Sr38 from T. ventricosum, to wheat chromosome 2AS. An independently derived T. ventricosum segment carrying a leaf rust resistance gene in a French wheat cultivar, was shown to exhibit a rust resistance response equivalent to Lr37 as well as Yr17 and Sr38. DNA probes from different regions of the Vrga1D clone consistently detected the presence of RFLPs associated with the introgressed segment carrying the resistance genes Yr17, Lr37 and Sr38 present in diverse wheat genotypes from Australia, Canada, France and the UK. Our results showed that the transfer of the T. ventricosum- derived Vrga1 gene members and the rust resistance genes were always accompanied by the loss of a corresponding set of Vrga1-related gene members in recipient wheat cultivars presumed to be of homoeoallelic origin. A PCR assay, based on sequences from the 3"-untranslated region of a Vrga1 gene member isolated from the T. ventricosum donor line of the introgressed segment, was developed. The PCR assay detected the presence of the introgressed rust resistance genes across the diverse wheat backgrounds and should be useful in marker- assisted selection in wheat breeding. Received: 24 December 1999 / Accepted: 13 June 2000