高背银鲫、大口胭脂鱼及胭脂鲫(F1)不同组织的同工酶的表型分析

本文对高背银鲫、大口胭脂鱼及胭脂鲫（F1）不同组织的脂酶（EST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）四种酶的同工酶的表型进行了分析,结果表明：在肝脏中胭脂鲫EST多一条谱带,而在性腺中,LDH、MDH、SOD同工酶谱带,胭脂鲫与父母本均存在一定的差异。     

铜陵牡丹和垫江牡丹的同工酶分析

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对铜陵牡丹和垫江牡丹进行过氧化物酶（POD）和酯酶（EST）同工酶的测定分析。结果显示,两个品种牡丹的POD同工酶酶谱共栓出7条酶带,其中铜陵牡丹分离带为7条,垫江牡丹为3条,铜陵牡丹多出4条特有酶带,且活性较强;EST酯酶同工酶中,两种牡丹共有酶带为5条,活性上略有差异,铜陵牡丹特有2条酶带,垫江牡丹特有1条酶带。     

菘蓝属植物的同工酶分析及其系统学意义

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,比较了菘蓝属（Isatis L.)5种2变种1多倍体品种及1外类群种共计20个样本的酯酶同工酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的酶谱差异,并运用数量分类学的原理和方法对酶谱数据进行了聚类分析。20个样本的酯酶同工酶酶谱共有18条酶带,可分为慢带区（A区）、中带区（B区）和快带区（C区）3个区,其中A区的Rf0.09酶带为所有样本共有,而B区和C区不仅酶带数多,而且活性较强,并表现出很大差异。20个样本的超氧化物歧化酶同工酶酶谱有8条酶带,略有差异。聚类分析结果表明,20个样本被明显分成10组,与形态性状分类结果基本一致。利用酶带的有无、酶带的活性差异以及聚类分析结果,可以初步作出菘蓝属类群间亲缘关系的判定。     

罗氏沼虾个体发育早期的同工酶研究

采用聚两燃酰胺梯度凝胶电泳技术,对罗氏沼虾个体发育早期9个时期的八种同工酶系统（EST、ALP、AMY、GDH、MDH、LDH、SOD、ME)进行研究,结果表明：SOD、ME在早期发育过程中酶谱相对稳定,SOD表现为三条谱带,ME表现为两条谱带;面EST、ALP、AMY、GDH、MDH、LDH则随发育其酶谱表现出明显差异,酶谱渐趋复杂。     

甜椒雄性不育两用系AB91不育株与可育株花药同工酶分析

通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（PAGE）对甜椒核雄性不育两用系AB91不育株与可育株的花药过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和酯酶（EST）同工酶谱带的分析,以及对其超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）同工酶活性的分析结果表明,这几种同工酶的活性和谱带均与不育性有一定的关系,具体表现为POD、CAT、EST在不育株谱带数少,而可育株谱带数多;POD、SOD的活性不育株高于可育株,而CAT、EST的活性则是可育株高于不育株。     

大别山区六种黄精属植物的五种同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对皖西大别山区六种黄精属植物的抗坏血酸氧化酶(AOD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酯酶(EST)和过氧化物酶(POD)五种同工酶进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)五种同工酶共显示出66条酶带,其中有3条是黄精属的特征酶带;并且来源于不同种的同一种酶的谱带数、相对迁移率、酶活性均不相同,呈现多样性;(2)五种同工酶谱的模糊聚类分析结果与形态学分类的结果一致,利用酶谱差异可以将六种黄精初步区分;(3)在六种黄精属植物中,湖北黄精、轮叶黄精、多花黄精和金寨黄精是较进化类型,玉竹和长梗黄精是较原始类型。     

几种同工酶与猕猴桃品种对溃疡病抗性关系的研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、同工酶分析技术分别研究了猕猴桃植株体内过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酯酶(EST)同工酶谱带的变化,结果表明:自然感染溃疡病前后,此6种同工酶谱带特征在不同抗感品种中表现出一定的差异.未感染溃疡病菌前,抗(感)品系枝条、叶片POD同工酶均有2条酶带,PPO同工酶有3条酶带,但感病品种酶带颜色深且粗,而抗病品种酶带颜色浅且细,叶片酶带颜色深于枝条;SOD、CAT同工酶谱带均为1条,Rf值分别为0.38、0.28,感性品种较抗耐品种谱带亮度高活性强;自然发病后,抗(感)品系POD、PPO同工酶谱带数都增加,分别为4、3条和5、4条,且抗病品种新酶带出现较感病品种早且酶带粗颜色深活性强,感病品系虽也有新酶带出现,但酶带少活性弱,抗病品系枝条、叶片POD、PPO同工酶新谱带的Rf值分别为0.63、0.67和0.85、0.87;抗感病品种SOD、CAT同工酶都被诱导产生了1条新的同工酶谱带,Rf分别为0.32和0.27,新酶带现色时间迟,且酶带颜色浅活性弱,但抗耐品种较感性品种谱带亮且活性强;EST同工酶于自然发病前后变化不大,与抗病性关系不很明显.     

7个品种变叶木过氧化物酶同工酶分析

本试验对7个品种变叶木的形态特征进行比较,并利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对各品种过氧化物酶同工酶进行分析。结果表明,各品种的过氧化物酶同工酶谱不一;7个品种变叶木共有14条谱带,2号谱带最多为11条,5号谱带最少为6条;其谱带分为3个区(A=0~0.18,B=0.18~0.35,C=0.35~0.5);并对7个品种的亲缘关系进行聚类分析。     

半夏居群遗传分化的同工酶和可溶性蛋白电泳的聚类分析

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）技术分析了安徽产7个半夏（PinelliaternataBreit）居群的4种同工酶和可溶性蛋白谱带。根据其中的PER、EST和可溶性蛋白谱带的分布特征,用Forguson和Aquado＆Avise的公式分别计算其谱带的相似性系数和遗传距离,以类平均法（UPGMA）进行了聚类分析。结果表明：半夏居群间表现出一定的遗传分化;鹞落坪半夏与半夏的黄山、九华山、大别山万佛寺居群间的遗传距离较小（D≤0.214）,结合形态变异,笔者认为鹞落坪半夏只能是半夏居群中形态上较为特殊的地方宗,而不是一新种;狭叶半夏与其它6个居群的遗传距离较大（D=0.416）,是半夏居群中种系分化较为强烈的一个居群。文中还讨论了半夏的遗传分化与形态变异、生境等的相关性。     

禺毛茛复合体及其近缘种过氧化物酶同工酶研究

对国产禺毛茛（RanunculuscantoniensisDC．）复合体及其近缘种8个种的15个居群52个个体的根进行了过氧化物酶同工酶研究,结果表明：①居群内过氧化物酶谱略有变异。同工酶酶谱或多或少能显示居群特征。供试的8个种中没有任何2个种的酶谱完全一致,这说明在种级水平酶谱呈现出高度的分化现象。②根据染色体、孢粉和过氧化酶同工酶的资料推测,除R．silerifolius（2x）外,R．cantoniensis（4x）还有1个亲本。该亲本应具有“短m-型”染色体组,散沟和波状覆盖层的花粉,在其根的过氧化物酶酶谱中至少含A1、A2、C4和C64条酶带。③来自形态、染色体孢粉及同工酶的证据均证实R．vaginatus（5x）可能起源于（R,diffusus（4x）×R．sieboldii（6x）的杂交后代。     

大赖草染色体组构成的生化分析

本文通过对不同来源大赖草及其可能供体物种的EST、GOT、SOD同工酶及HMW-GS的分析, 发现不同来源大赖草的同工酶及蛋白图谱呈一定差异,但其中为不同来源大赖草所共有的一些谱带, 同时也存在于具N染色体组物种的分析图谱中,而在具J染色体组的物种中却没有特异性分布,推断大赖草中含有N染色体组,但可能不含J染色体组。 Abstract:The zymogram phenotypes of Esterase(EST),Glutamate oxalocate transminase(GOT),Superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the banding patterns of high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) were determined for different Leymus racemosus accessions and their putative donor species,It was found that although the zymogram phenotypes and the HMW-GS banding patterns appeared polymorphism,common bands for different Lr accessions were found in the species with N genome,but not in those with J genome,suggesting that the Psathyrostachys species with N genome must be phylogenetically closer to Lr,while the Thinopyrum species with J genome are farther to it.     

角类肥蛛体躯不同部位酯酶同工酶的比较分析

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法对角类肥蛛(Lariniodes cornuta)头胸部和腹部的酯酶同工酶酶谱进行了比较分析。结果表明,角类肥蛛的酯酶是单体酶,头胸部和腹部的酯酶酶谱差异显著。腹部的酯酶呈现4个位点:Est-1、Est-2、Est-3、Est-4。Est-1和Est-4位点为纯合基因型,Est-2和Est-3位点为杂合基因型。头胸部的酯酶仅表现出2个位点:Est-2和Est-3,且这2个位点是纯合基因型。不同个体之间头胸部的酯酶没有明显差异,Est-2b和Est-3a可以作为鉴别角类肥蛛的特征酶带;腹部的酯酶则存在明显的个体差异,在Est-2和Est-3位点的基因杂合度为h2=h3=0·4779。由此可见,酯酶同工酶可以作为角类肥蛛遗传变异的分子标记,是研究个体间遗传差异、居群的遗传结构以及种间进化关系的基础。     

不同倍性不结球白菜营养品质及同工酶比较研究

对二倍体、同源四倍体不结球白菜主要营养品质及叶片和花蕾EST、POD、SOD同工酶谱带进行研究.结果表明:(1)同源四倍体可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、有机酸、干物质和纤维素含量分别比二倍体增加16.65%、14.08%、18.18%、15.81%、15.82%和60.00%,差异极显著.(2)叶片中,二倍体EST谱带比同源四倍体多1条;花蕾中二倍体比四倍体多2条谱带;而POD和SOD在谱带条数上没有差异,只是四倍体的谱带亮度较二倍体强,表明其表达量较高,说明它们的酶种类相似但剂量不同.     

He-Ne激光对啤酒大麦麦芽同工酶基因表达的影响

采用不同时间He-Ne激光（5 m W/mm2）对＂临啤二号＂大麦种子进行辐照,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）技术分析激光辐照对大麦麦芽中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）同工酶、过氧化物（POD）同工酶、过氧化氢（CAT）同工酶、β-淀粉酶同工酶、三磷酸腺苷（ATPase）同工酶酶谱的影响。结果表明：种子经He-Ne激光辐照后诱导出1条新POD同工酶谱带,且总POD活性在60 s和90 s处有所增加;30 s激光辐照诱导出1条新的CAT同工酶谱带,其它时间处理酶的组分没有变化,但酶活性增加;He-Ne激光辐照使SOD、β-淀粉酶及ATPase同工酶的组分在不同时间下有所减少,但一定时间的激光辐照提高了其同工酶的活性。综合实验结果可知,60 s～90 s He-Ne激光可以促进大麦种子萌发过程中以上同工酶基因的表达,有利于缩短制麦周期,提高麦芽糖化力及抗氧化力。     

ESTERASE VARIATION AND GENETIC STRUCTURE IN THREE GEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS OF SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GEHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN WESTERN CHINA*

Abstract This paper investigates the esterase variation and genetic structure in three geographic populations of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) in western China by PAGE. The localities surveyed are Gaolan (36.3°N, 103.9°E) and Wuwei (37.9°N, 102.6°E) in spring wheat region and Chang'an (34. 1°N, 108.9° E) in winter wheat region. The results suggest that the esterase is coded by two loci: Est‐1 and Est‐2. Est‐1 is coded by a plastogene producing only one band that is the fastest on the gel among all bands. The Est‐2 is duplicated loci with 8 alleles, namely, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, which produce altogether 8 bands in all the populations and 1–4 bands in individual samples. There are 19 zymogram types observed in the three geographic populations. Seventeen zymogram types emerge in Chang'an population, but 5 and 4 zymogram types are found respectively in Gaolan and Wuwei populations. II₂ zymogram type is the commonest in all the populations. The alleles that had the highest frequencies in all the populations are d, e, g. All 8 alleles at the Est2 were observed in Chang'an population, but only total 3 alleles‐d, e, g at the Est‐2 appeared in Gaolan and Wuwei populations. The analysis of genetic identity and cluster (UPGMA) on the alloenzyme indicates that the relationship between the two populations of spring wheat region seems to be closer, as compared with the relationship between spring wheat population and winter wheat population. It is evident that there exists some infraspecific variation caused mainly by genetic drift in S. mosellana and the gene flow among the populations possibly took place to some extent.     

The Characterization of Equine Prealbumin (Pr) Proteins by Antigen-Antibody Crossed Electrophoresis

The characterization of equine prealbumin (Pr) proteins by antigen-antibody crossed electrophoresis. Acta vet. scand. 1979, 20, 180–190. — Selected equine Pr phenotypes from a total of 55 horses of mixed breeds were investigated. The horse sera were subjected to acid starch gel electrophoresis at pH 4.8, followed by right angle electrophoresis in agarose gels containing rabbit-produced anti-Pr protein. This technique gives peaks in the agarose gels corresponding to the Pr zones in acid gels. The investigation revealed patterns of the Pr protein which were more complex than those seen when using ordinary acid starch gel electrophoresis. The phenotypes FF, II and LL showed a total of eight peaks, each with three main peaks in the front. Ahead of these, the Pr II and Pr LL phenotypes each had a fourth small peak. The basic fast pattern for these two phenotypes therefore consisted of four bands. The Pr WW and Pr SS showed a similar picture as regards the fast moving peaks. The Pr NN type appeared with two peaks in the front, one small and one large and with two slow moving ones. The Pr UU type had four peaks, but only in the area of the main Pr U band in acid gels. Four heterozygous Pr phenotypes appeared as a combination of the corresponding homozygous phenotypes, the number and height of the peaks depending on positions and overlappings of these in the respective homozygotes. Thus the Pr FW phenotype showed a total of 10 peaks. The effect of variations in pH of the starch gel buffer was studied. The Pr NN and Pr FF phenotypes were run at pH 4.8, 5.0, 5.2 and 5.4. With increasing pH, the slow moving peaks weakened and moved closer to the fast ones. At pH 5.4 only one large fast moving peak remained.     

安徽产石蒜属植物三种酶同工酶的分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分离同工酶,首次分析了安徽产石蒜属６种植物十一个居群的过氧化物酶、酯酶、苹果酸脱氢酶三种酶同工酶,比较了居群间酶谱差异,并用数量分类方法,对酶谱资料进行了聚类分析（ＵＰＧＭＡ法）。结果表明：１、过氧化物酶、酯酶同工酶酶谱均显示出居群间的差异,而苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱居群间共性很大。２、酶谱特征显示,三种酶系统在居群间或居群间的差异,但种间居群的酶谱差异明显大于种内居群的差     

金鱼酯酶同工酶的研究——Ⅰ.鲫鱼和红虎头金鱼各组织器官酯酶同工酶的比较

本文采用pH不连续系统聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板电泳方法,对鲫鱼和红虎头金鱼的眼、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉、卵巢(或精巢)、脑和心脏等7种新鲜组织的酯酶(EST)同工酶进行了比较研究。其结果是:鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)和红虎头金鱼(Carassius auratus var.)不仅具有丰富的EST同工酶和组织特异性,而且在它们的各个相应组织之间也显示出差异。表明酯酶同工酶在金鱼种内是有差异的。这对于探讨金鱼种内各品种之间的亲缘关系将是一个很有用的手段。     

Developmental relationship of myosin binding proteins (myomesin, connectin and C-protein) to myosin in chicken somites as studied by immunofluorescence microscopy

The developmental relationship of myosin binding proteins (myomesin, connectin and C-protein) to myosin was studied in chicken cervical somites by immunofluorescence microscopy. Muscle and non-muscle myosins initially appeared as slender rods at the same sites, and then, fused to form non-striated fibrils. As muscle myosin formed striated structures (A bands), non-muscle myosin disappeared from this structure. Myomesin (reactive with monoclonal antibodies MyB4 and MyBB78) and connectin (carboxy terminal region, reactive with monoclonal antibody T51) were seen as dots in the center of these myosin rods. These proteins then formed characteristic mature striations on non-striated fibrils of myosin. Earlier alignment of these myosin binding proteins rather than myosin indicates that the correct assembly of these proteins seems to be related to the formation of initial myosin rods as well as subsequent linear and periodic alignment of myosin molecules to form early A bands. Connectin spots reactive with 9D10 were scattered around myosin rods/myomesin dots/connectin T51 dots. These spots may represent radiating connectin filaments from these rods/dots to link myosin rods to the I-Z-I structures of myofibrils to be incorporated. Since the slow isoform of C-protein formed its characteristic bands ("doublets") prior to H zone formation within A bands by myosin, this isoform may help to precisely align myosin filaments within the A band region. The presence of the slow, then the slow and the cardiac, and finally the co-existence of the slow and the fast isoforms of C-protein may interfere with the incorporation and co-polymerization of non-adult isoforms into myofibrils.