我国万寿竹属新植物

万寿竹属Disporum是百合科中一个中等大小的属,约20种,主要分布于北美洲温带、喜马拉雅地区、爪哇、日本和中国。我国有10种,分布于全国各地。 作者在整理云南万寿竹属植物时,发现万寿竹属在我国一新分布和1新种,现报道。     

万寿竹属(百合科)一新种——金佛山万寿竹

描述了重庆市南川金佛山百合科Liliaceae一新种——金佛山万寿竹Disporum jinfoshanenseX.Z.Li,D.M.Zhang＆D.Y.Hong。该种与山东万寿竹D.smilacinum A.Gray相似,具卵形或椭圆形叶,顶生花序,花被片白色,开展,基部稍具浅囊;不同之处在于其茎高15–20cm,叶3–4片,集中于茎上部,叶柄明显,长2–4mm,花被片内表面密布短柔毛。山东万寿竹只分布于山东半岛、朝鲜半岛以及日本。     

云南万寿竹一新种

<正> 江城万寿竹 新种 图 Disporum jiangchengense Y. Y. Qian, sp. nov. Species affinis D. calcarato D. Don, sea foliis membranaceis, petiolis 1—2.5 mm longis, umbelis 1—6-floribus, floribus albis vel pallide purpureis, perianthii segmentis 2.1—2.4 cm longis, calcaribus 6.5-8 mm longis differt.     

倭竹族花序演化的探讨

倭竹族隶于禾本科之竹亚科。本族计有10属约150余种。分布于东南亚季风带的印度、越南、中国及日本等国,我国产8属约120种,占该族全部属种的80％。其中唐竹属、短穗竹属、筇竹属、八月竹属等均为我国所特产,唐竹属1种早期引入日本栽培,倭竹属、大节竹属、方竹属、刚竹属等也主要分布于我国,只有少数种分布于其它国家,业平竹属和阴阳竹属为日本特产。 刚竹属计有70种之多,我国产50种以上,是本族中种类最多的属,其中有许多种类分布广、适应能力强,用途多、产量大。是重要的植物资源.尤其是毛竹,是我国亚热带地区的主要栽培竹种。 倭竹族花序演化的研究对于进一步认识和鉴别竹类植物.了解竹类植物的演化关系。使竹类植物的系统安排更加合理都是有益的。倭竹族的花序属于假花序.与真花序相比较属于原始类型。本族中花序轴反复分枝.具有极多小穗的短穗竹属,业平竹属等是比较原始的,大节竹属、唐竹属的花序简化、花序轴不分枝或仅有少数分枝,含小穗数很少是进化类型。     

倭竹属地理分布的研究

倭竹属Shibataea Makino隶于禾本科之竹亚科,现已知有8种,分布于我国东南部的浙江、福建、江苏、安徽、江西等省,广东、台湾两省有少量栽培,日本产1种。苏联、西德、印尼等国所栽培的倭竹均系自我国或日本引入。我国浙-闽地区产8种,且都有野生发现,是本属的现代分布中心。倭竹属植物体型矮小,常植于庭院或公园中供观赏。近年来盆景艺术迅速发展,微型园林日益兴起,倭竹属植物体态优美,常绿,耐寒且易于栽培,为广大园林工作者所垂青。     

Chi竹属和牡竹属（竹亚科）叶表皮微形态特征

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对Chi竹属21个种（包括Chi竹亚属5个种、孝顺竹亚属2种、单竹亚属4种绿竹亚属9种和亚属未定1种）以及牡竹属5种叶表皮微形态特征进行了观察和研究。所得结果表明气孔保卫细胞上乳突的数目和分布存在一定的规律,并具有一定的分类价值。绿竹亚属的叶表皮微形态特征界于Chi竹属和牡竹属之间,但更接近于Chi竹属。因此认为在分类处理上,将绿竹亚属置于Chi竹属比单独成立绿竹属更为合理。     

云南竹亚科一些属种的增订

报道了云南竹亚科新名称１个,新组合１个,新异名１个,发现１个不合格名称,１个属在云南分布的新记录和１个种在我国分布的新记录。同时讨论了单枝竹属和空竹属的地理分布。     

箣竹属和牡竹属(竹亚科)叶表皮微形态特征

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对箣竹属21个种(包括箣竹亚属5个种、孝顺竹亚属2种、单竹亚属4种、绿竹亚属9种和亚属未定1种)以及牡竹属5种叶表皮微形态特征进行了观察和研究。所得结果表明气孔保卫细胞上乳突的数目和分布存在一定的规律,并具有一定的分类价值。绿竹亚属的叶表皮微形态特征界于箣竹属和牡竹属之间,但更接近于箣竹属。因此认为在分类处理上,将绿竹亚属置于箣竹属比单独成立绿竹属更为合理。     

竹类简说

竹类植物的形态构造特殊,既不同于一般木本植物,也不同于草本植物,是一独特的植物类群,它在植物分类系统中隶属于单子叶植物细的禾本科。竹的水平分布从赤道两侧直至温寒地带;垂直分布从沿海平原直到高山雪线。绝大多数竹种需要温暖湿润的气候条件,多分布在南北回归线之间的热带、亚热带季风气候区的平原丘陵地带。随着纬度和海拔增高,只有少数耐寒竹种才能生长。全世界约有100属、1000余种竹,在五大洲中,欧洲无乡土竹种,亚洲种类最多,南美洲次之,非洲较少,大洋洲贫乏。我国是世界主要产竹国家,竹类种质资源丰富,在《中国植…     

莫古礼(Floyd Alonzo McClure)在华采集和引种竹类植物的历史及其影响

竹类植物是美国采集者在我国采集和引种的一类主要植物。在众多的竹类植物采集者中, 莫古礼(Floyd Alonzo McClure)是最具代表性的一位, 他于1919-1940年在岭南大学开展竹类植物研究, 在此期间多次采集竹类植物标本并引种竹类植物到美国。本研究通过大量文献研究、档案查阅以及实地调研, 整理了莫古礼采集竹类植物的路线和采集地, 并对竹类植物学名进行校对, 分析了莫古礼在华研究、采集和引种竹类植物的历史及其影响。经统计, 莫古礼在华期间竹类植物标本采集地涉及12个省级行政区39个地级市, 主要集中在广东、海南、香港等地; 引种地涉及9个省级行政区的25个地级市; 共采集竹类植物标本727号1,840份, 隶属20属93种(含种下单位, 下同), 分别占我国竹类植物属和种的58.8%和17.4%; 共引种竹类植物255份, 隶属于17属77种, 分别占我国竹类植物属和种的50.0%和14.4%。莫古礼在华采集和引种竹类植物极大地发展了竹类植物分类学, 所采集的竹类植物标本为后人竹类植物研究提供了极大的帮助, 所引种的竹类植物极大丰富了美国竹类植物种类, 也促进了竹类植物在美国的应用。     

万寿竹属一新种

<正> 广西(Guangxi)都安县(Duan Xian),下坳公社,1978年4月16日都安调查队(Exped.Duan)4—10—30(模式,存广西中医药研究所。Holotypus, in Herb. Inst.Tradit. Medic. Pharm. Guangxi. conserv.)。 根状茎短;根肉质,粗1—3毫米,有纵皱纹和细毛。茎直立,高约80厘米,直径3—6毫米,上部有分枝。叶薄纸质至纸质,椭圆形至卵状矩圆形,长5—9.5厘米,宽1.5—5—     

Disporum jinfoshanense X. Z. Li,D. M. Zhang & D. Y. Hong,a new species of the Liliaceae from Chongqing,China

Disporum jinfoshanense X. Z. Li, D. M. Zhang & D. Y. Hong, a new species of the Liliaceae from Nanchuan, Chongqing, China, is described and illustrated. This species is morphologically similar to D. smilacinum A. Gray in having leaves ovate to elliptic, inflorescences terminal, flowers spreading, tepals white, slightly saccate at the base, but differs from the latter in having stems dwarf, 15–20 cm tall, leaves 3–4, all on the upper part of the stems, petioles 2–4 mm long, and tepals densely pubescent on the inner surface.     

A Cytological Study of Six Populations of Disporum cantoniense (Liliaceae)

Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Merr. is widely distributed in the area from the Himalayas to Indonesia, via south China, Indo-China and Taiwan, especially in the various parts of Yunnan Province. In this paper, the karyotype variation of six populations of the apecies from southeastern, middle and northwestern part of Yunnan are studied. The result shows that the chromosome number of all the populations are 2n= 14. The species was reported to have 2n= 16, 30 (Hasegawa 1932, Mehra and Pathamia 1960, Kurosawa 1966, 1971, Tang et al. 1984) and 2n= 14 (Kurosawa 1971, Mehra and Sachdeva 1976a). 2n= 14, 2n= 16 and 2n=32 were observed in the material from Taiwan (Chuang, et al. 1962, Chao, 1963, Hsu, 1971, 1972, Chang, 1974). Based on the cytological study of D. megalanthum Wang et Tang and seven other species in this genus reported by other authors, Hong and Zhu (1990) consider that the basic number of this genus is x= 8, because species with 2n= 16 was more than those with 2n= 14, despite some number variation of chromosomes in this genus. Based on the results of the present paper, we consider that x= 7 might be one of the basic numbers of this genus. In the karyotypes studied here, the relative chromosome lengths and the ratio of the longest/the shortest chromosomes of the six populations are rather approximate. Moreover, all the karyotypes belong to Stebbins’3B type. However, karyotype variation was detected in these populations. The homologues of the 2nd, 3rd and 6th pair of chromosomes are different from each other, the numbers and popsition of satellites are found very different, among the populations except for the Lijiang population, the 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th pair of all the populations exhibited heterozygosity. Although all the karyotypes belong to Stebbins ‘3B type, the homologues were more regular in the Lijiang population than in the other populations, and the most irregular in the Wenshan population, because it hadfour pairs of heterozygous chromosomes.     

宝铎草和长穗开口箭的核型

本文对湖南产的宝锋草（ＤｉｓｐｏｒｕｍｓｅｓｓｉｌｅＤ．Ｄｏｎ）和广西产的长穗开口箭（ＴｕｐｉｓｔｒａｌｏｎｇｉｓｐｉｃｇＹ．ＷａｎｅｔＸ．Ｈ．Ｌｕ）的核型作了分析。前者的核型公式为２ｎ＝１４＝４ｇ＋１０ｓｍ（２ｓａｔ）,核型类型属于３Ａ;后者的核型公式为２ｎ＝３８＝２４ｍ＋６ｓｉｎ＋８ｓｔ．核型具有明显的二型性,属于２Ｃ型。此外还讨论了宝锋草的核型变异以及开口箭属和蜘蛛抱蛋属（Ａｓｐｉｄｉｓｔｒａ）的关系。     

黑蛋巢菌属的新种、新变种及国内新记录

本文报道黑蛋巢菌属Cyathus Haller:Pers.一新种——潞西黑蛋巢Cyathus luxiensis T.X.Zhou,J.Yu et Y.H.Chen,一新变种——非洲黑蛋巢宽孢变种Cyathus africanus H.J.Brodie var.latisporus Y.H.Chen et J.Yu 和一新记录型——壶黑蛋巢布诺德变型Cyathus olla (Batch) Pers .f. brodiensis Shinners et Tewari。给出了每个分类单元的宏观、微观特征图。新种、新变种的模式标本保存于西南林学院真菌标本室(MHSFC)。     

Molecular Systematics of Liliaceae — Asparagoideae — Polygonatae. I. RFLP Analysis of cpDNA in Several Asiatic Disporum Species

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among 11 species in the genus Disporum were assessed by RFLP analysis of chloroplast DNA and their taxonomic status was re-evaluated in the light of molecular, karyological as well as morphological data available at present. Among cpDNAs from 17 plants of 11 species, 16 mutations were detected using 14 restriction enzymes and heterologous cpDNA probes. Restriction site data were analyzed cladistically, and a majority rule consensus tree was obtained. Species fell into four groups based on cpDNA, (1) a group containing seven species, D. uniflorum, D. taipingense, D. lutescens, D. sessile, D. kawakamii, D. multiflorum, and D. shimadai; (2) containing one species D. viridescens; (3) containing two species D. smilacinum and D. cantoniense var. skimmense; (4) containing D. leucanthum. Among these groups the first one has two clades with high probability rate. The results suggest that D. lutescens belongs to the “D. sessile group” rather than the “D. smilacinum group”. But, the separation of D. viridescens and D. smilacinum into two groups as revealed by the present analysis is somewhat controversial, since both D. viridescens and D. smilacinum share a number of morphological and karyological characters in common. Intraspecific cpDNA variation of D. sessile was also analyzed.